1、 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)精講精練獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是由一個(gè)相當(dāng)于主語(yǔ)的名詞或代詞加上非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的一種獨(dú)立主格成分。With( without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的一種形式。一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，它獨(dú)立存在。2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)。The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 4） 當(dāng)表示人體部位的詞做邏

2、輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，及物動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在分詞，不及物動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去分詞二、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成:名詞普通格或代詞主格 + 現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式/名詞/形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)。1名詞（或代詞） + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story. Everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.The food being cooked, the boy was watching TV.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞being或h

3、aving been在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中可以省略。The weather（being）fine,  we decided to go on an outing. u 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being在下列兩種情況下一般不能省略，u 一是在“There being + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，u 二是在邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞的情況下。There being no bus, we had to walk home. It being Sunday, all the offices are closed. 2名詞（或代詞） + 不定式（短語(yǔ)）不定式表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。He suggested going for

4、 a picnic, Mary to provide the food. Many flowers and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.  3名詞（或代詞） + 過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞表示前面的名詞或代詞被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作。The girls lay on her back, her hands crossed under her head.The workers worked still harder, their living conditions g

5、reatly improved. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.4名詞（或代詞） + 形容詞（短語(yǔ)）形容詞（短語(yǔ)）在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中說(shuō)明前面名詞或代詞的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)The floor wet, we had to stay outside for a while.He turned to me, his eyes sleepy.5名詞（或代詞） + 副詞副詞在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中也多是說(shuō)明名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)。The meeting over, we all went hom

6、e. School over, we all went home.6名詞（或代詞） + 介詞短語(yǔ)A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.He left the office, tears in eyes. 注意：在“邏輯主語(yǔ)+介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)里，當(dāng)介詞是in時(shí)，其前后的兩個(gè)名詞均不加任何修飾成分。但with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不受此限制。例如：The teacher came in,  with a book in his hand.三、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的作用： 多用作狀語(yǔ)1.表示時(shí)間His homework done（=After h

7、is homework was done），Mary decided to go shopping. 2.表示原因There being no buses（=Because there were no buses），we had to walk home. 3.表示條件Weather permitting（=If weather permits），well go to play basketball. 4.表示方式或伴隨He sat at the table,  head down. l 動(dòng)詞不定式表示動(dòng)作沒(méi)有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，l 動(dòng)詞-ed形式表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，l 動(dòng)詞-ing形式往

8、往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。The manager looks worried，many things to be settled. The manager looks relaxed, many things settled.The man lay there,  his hands trembling.四、With( without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成以及句法功能 （一）、with / without +賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況: 1. with+名詞/代詞+形容詞 He doesnt like to sleep with the windows open. =

9、He doesnt like to sleep when the windows are open.注意：在“with+名詞/代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。With his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.With his father well-known, the boy didnt want to study.2. with+名詞/代詞+副詞The boy was walking, with his father ahead. = The boy was walking and

10、his father was ahead.3. with+名詞/代詞+介詞短語(yǔ)He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand.= He stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.4. with+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞With his homework done, Peter went out to play.  = When his homework was done, Peter went out to play.5. with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞The girl hi

11、d her box without anyone knowing where it was.= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.Without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window.= When no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.6. with+名詞/代詞+動(dòng)詞不定式The little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.= The little boy

12、 looks sad because he has so much homework to do.（二）、With (without) 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能：定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1. There is a magazine with a modern girl on its cover. (定語(yǔ)) 2. He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet. = He stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet. (伴隨狀語(yǔ))3 The kid feels excited with so many places of inter

13、est to visit. =The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.（原因狀語(yǔ)）4With the signal given, the train started.= After the signal was given, the train started. （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）五、選擇題1. Everything _ into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taken C. to be t

14、aken D. taking 2. An expert _ to help them tomorrow, they are sure to work out the problem. A. will come B, coming C. to come D. having come 3. The meeting _ over, he went to pick up his son directly A. to be B. is C. was D. being 4. - They sat still in the room, _. - Why did they do like that?A. dr

15、awing the curtains B. with the curtains drawn C. with the curtains drawing D. having the curtains drawn 5. The sun _ , they continued their way. A. has risen B. having risen C. has raised D. having raised 6. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _ at the end of l

16、ast March. A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched7. Here are two volumes, the third one _ next month. A. comes out B. came out C. coming out D. to come out8. With his son_ , the old man felt unhappy.A. to disappoint B. to be disappointing C. disappointing D.

17、 being disappointed9- Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 10 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _ , he gladly accepted it .A. finished B. finishing C. hav

18、ing finished D. was finished 11. _ , I had to ask for two days leave. A. Mother being ill B. Mother ill C. As mother was ill D. A, B and C12. With so many books _ , I couldnt go to surf the Internet. A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. read13. The thief stood before the policeman _ admitting what he had done . A. with his dropping head B. dropping his head C. raising his head D. with his head down 14. Winter _ , it is time to buy warm clothes . A .has come on B. is coming on C. coming on D. comes on 15. The old man lay on his back at the corner of the street, his e