1、精心整理?被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一、語(yǔ)態(tài)概述英語(yǔ)中有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：ManypeoplespeakEnglish謂語(yǔ)：speak的動(dòng)作是由主語(yǔ)manypeople來(lái)執(zhí)行的。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，即行為動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。所謂“被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)”，相當(dāng)于中文中常說(shuō)的“被”、“由”的句式，如：“他的自行車(chē)被偷了 。"，再如：Englishisspokenbymanypeople.主語(yǔ)English是動(dòng)詞speak的承受者。判斷：看下面的兩個(gè)例句，你來(lái)判斷哪個(gè)是主動(dòng)哪個(gè)是被動(dòng)？Heopenedthedoorffc開(kāi)了門(mén)。( )Thedoorwasopened門(mén)

2、被開(kāi)了。 _ )二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be動(dòng)詞+Vp.p被動(dòng)特點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓，用be加上過(guò)去分。行為對(duì)象作主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ) by來(lái)引。1 .Englishis(speaR inCanada.2 .Theblouseis(make) ofsilk.3 .Englishis(speaR bymanypeople.誰(shuí)做的動(dòng)作不知道,說(shuō)出誰(shuí)做的沒(méi)必要。動(dòng)作承受者需強(qiáng)調(diào)，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)莫忘了。1.Somestampswere(steal) lastweek.2 .ThePRCwas(found) onOctober1,1949.3 .Footballis(play) inmostmiddleschools.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)須

3、留意，P.P前面助動(dòng)be.be+P.Pam (is,are) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)，am (is,are)+P.Pwas 和 were 表過(guò)去。 was (were) +P.P完成 have (has) been。have (has) been+P.P將來(lái)，情態(tài)，be原形。will (can,may,must be+P.P進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)兩個(gè)be,前表時(shí)態(tài)后加ing0 am (is,are) +being+P.P被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化是通過(guò)be的變化表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。凡是漢語(yǔ)中帶“被”的句子，都能轉(zhuǎn)換成英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。三.幾種常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一一1 .一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/i

4、s/are+過(guò)去分詞肯定何：Bikesare(sell) inthatshop.否定旬：Bikesarenotsoldinthatshop.疑問(wèn)旬：Arebikessoldinthatshop?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren't.2 .一般過(guò)去時(shí)：was/were+過(guò)去分詞肯定何：Hewas(save) in1999.否定句:Hewasnotsavedin1999.疑問(wèn)句：Washesavedin1999?Yes,hewas./No,hewasn't.3 .一般將來(lái)時(shí)：shall/will/begoingto+be+過(guò)去分詞肯定旬：AnEnglishclass

5、willbe(give) byJacktomorrow.否定旬：AnEnglishclasswillnotbegivenbyJacktomorrow.疑問(wèn)旬：W川anEnglishclassbegivenbyJacktomorrow?4 .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：am/is/are+being+S去分詞精心整理肯定旬：Acarisbeing(drive) now.否定旬：Acarisnotbeingdrivennow.疑問(wèn)句：Isacarbeingdrivennow?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.5 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/has+been過(guò)去分詞肯定何： Aroadhasbeen(b

6、uild) bythegovernment.否定旬：Aroadhasn'tbeenbuiltbythegovernment.疑問(wèn)旬：Hasaroadbeenbuiltbythegovernment?Yes,ithas./No,ithasn't.6 .情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+P.P1) Thisclockcanbe(repair) here.2) Thetreesmaybe(plant) atothertimesoftheyear.3) Thecompositionmustbe(hand) inafterclass.4) Theyoungtreesshouldbe(plant)

7、 inspring.四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法(1)不知道或沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。例如：Somenewcomputerswere(steal) lastnight.一些新電腦在昨晚被盜了。(不知道電腦是誰(shuí)偷的)Thisbookwas(publish) in1981.這本書(shū)出版于 1981 年。(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。例如：Thewindowwas(break) byMike.窗戶(hù)是邁克打破的。Thisbookwas(write) byhim.這本書(shū)是他寫(xiě)的。Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteedf大 8 小時(shí)睡眠必須得至U保證。五

8、、主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法(1)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。(2)把謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+過(guò)去分詞)(根據(jù)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子里的主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，以及原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句子中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定be的形式)。(3)把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的主語(yǔ)放在介詞by之后作賓語(yǔ)，將主格改為賓格。例如：1 .Allthepeople(laugh) athim.fHewas(laugh) atbyallpeople.2 .They(make) thebikesinthefactory.fThebikesare(make) bytheminthefactory.六、補(bǔ)充一些賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)詞如make,see,hea等在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中可以接動(dòng)詞

9、原形(實(shí)為省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式)作為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是一定要注意恢復(fù)to。如：Hemademestandoutside7>Iwasmadetostandoutside(byhim).Isawhimplayfootball. f Hewasseentoplayfootball (byhim).專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、選擇題(?)1.anewlibrary inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built?B.Was;built?C.Does;build?D.Did;build(?)2.Anaccident onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened

10、?B.washappened?C.ishappened?D.happened(?)3.Cotton (棉花)inthesoutheastofChina.精心整理精心整理A.isgrown?B.aregrown?C.grows?D.grow(?)4.AtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolhallnextweek.?A.isgiven?B.hasbeengiven?C.willbegiven?D.gives(?)5.Howmanytrees thisyear?A.areplanted?B.willplant?C.havebeenplanted?D.planted(?)6

11、.Alotofthings bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.?A.aredoing?B.arebeingdone?C.hasbeendone?D.willbedone(?)7.TheGreatWall allovertheworld.?A.knows?B.knew?C.isknown?D.wasknown()8.Thechildren bythenurse.A.werelooked?B.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked()9.He somepiecesofadvice,buthe tothem.A.gave,didn'

12、;tlisten?B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten()10.Thequestion byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscuss?B.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed()11.Thelab aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuiltB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt()12.Alotoftallbuildings inhishometownin

13、thelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup()13.They printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished()14.Rice also intheirhometown.A.is grownB.is grewC.was grewD.was grown()15.He bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeen

14、praisedD.alwaysispraised()16.Thepicture?inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken()17.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit.精心整理精心整理A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired ()18.I thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing ()1

15、9.Thewar in1941.A.brokeout?B.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout ()20.Whenwater,itwillbechangedintovapour.A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats ()21.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking()22.They dayandnight.A.aremadework?B.aremadetoworkC. madetobeworked

16、D.aremakingtowork ()23.Man-madesatellites intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentup?B.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup ()24.ThisEnglishsong often bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung ()25.Thewindowsofourhouse onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned()26.When th

17、ePeople'sRepublicofChina?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found()27.Mary'sradio bymybrotherjustnow.A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended()28.Sometreesmay atothertimesoftheyear.A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted()29.AnewEnglishplay therenextweek.A.willputonB.willbep

18、utonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon()30.Astrangething inourschoolyesterday.A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen ()31.Theglass.It bylittleTomthismorning.精心整理A.broke,isbroken?B.isbroken,wasbrokenC.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。(請(qǐng)注意時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)兩個(gè)方面噢)I.It'ssa

19、id(據(jù)說(shuō))thatthelongbridge(build) intwomonths.2 .Wheretohavethemeeting(discuss) now.3 .Whichlanguage themostwidely(speak) intheworld ?4 .Thelostboy(notfind) sofar.5 .Lastyearalargenumberoftrees cut) down.6 .Vegetables,eggsandfruits(sell)inthisshop.7What knives?(make)of?8 .They(make)ofmetal 金屬)andwood.9 .Canthemagazine(take)outofthelibrary?10 .Theroom(clean)bymeeveryday.11 .Thestarscan t(see)inthedaytime.12 .Howlong youruncle(be)inthecity?13 .Thefood(smell)delicious.14 .Look!Someone(dance).三、按要求改寫(xiě)下列句子，一空一詞。1. TeagrowsinSouthChina.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)).2. ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))3. ?AnEngl