1、動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)一、復(fù)習(xí)各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu): be+ done 以 the book , publish 為例：一般現(xiàn)在/過去時： The book_.一般/過去將來時: The book _. The book _.現(xiàn)在/過去進行時：The book _.現(xiàn)在/過去完成時:The book _.情態(tài)動詞： The book _.二： 動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)1. 動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)有兩種形式：1） 一般式 （not/never ）to be done 2）完成式 (not/ never)to have been done （表示不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前）2. 動詞不

2、定式的被動語態(tài)在句子中的作用1） 做主語（常用it做形式主語）To be offered sympathy by a robot is ridiculous. (或者：_)被邀請參加這個亞運會開幕式，是一大榮幸。_2） 做表語The party is to be held next Saturday evening.明年，這種新藥將在500個過度肥胖的人上進行試驗。_3） 做賓語She didnt like to be treated as a child.He pretended to have been beaten by his step-father.這位職員不希望被她的顧客嘲笑。_4

3、）做賓語補足語 Tony expected the house to be completely transformed. 這個殘疾的孩子希望由這個主建筑師來設(shè)計這座電影院。_5）做定語 What a victory to be envied by those women! 英國人對即將在倫敦舉行的奧運會感到驕傲。 _ 6）做狀語All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.他匆忙趕到訂票處（booking office）卻被告知所有的票都賣完了。_ 3. 在下列情況中

4、用不定式的主動形式表示被動意思。1) 不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，但又與該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時 He has nothing to eat. (分析： eat (動nothing賓 / he 主eat 謂) I will give you a book to read .(分析： _ 動_賓/ _主_謂) 這個優(yōu)雅的女人有事情要宣布。_ 注意：若句子的主語并非不定式的邏輯主語時，不定式則必須用被動式比較： I have a lot of letters to type . (我有很多信件要打印：I will type the letter) I have

5、 a lot of letters to be typed. (意思為： I get sb. to type the letter)Ill go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there?Do you have any clothes _(wash), sir?” asked the maidI cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes _(wash)2) 在“主語+表語（形容詞）to do” 中， 主語也是不定式的邏輯賓語,即不定式動詞和主語之間是動賓關(guān)系。 This q

6、uestion is easy to answer. （分析：answer (動)-this question （賓） 注意：如果動詞為不及物動詞，則要注意介詞的搭配。John is difficult to deal with. （分析：_(動)-_(賓)）這扶手椅坐起來很舒服。_ 這題目很難算出來。_3. There be 結(jié)構(gòu)中，用不定式的主動和被動式來修飾主語，區(qū)別不大。There is a lot of work to do / to be done. (多用主動形式)沒有什么可擔(dān)心的。_ 練 習(xí)一、填空. (請用to do , to be doing, to have done,

7、to be done, to have been done )1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _(repair)2. I knew him _(catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once.4. This makes it possible for them _(make) metals into any required shapes5. Dick sped on the motorway only _(fine)6. W

8、hen some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed _(steal) it.7. The book is said to _(translate) into several languages.8. I feel greatly honored _(welcome) into their society .9. Come on! It is an easy sentence _(translate).10. When I came in, he pretended to _.(read)11. All these gif

9、ts must be mailed immediately _(receive) in time for Christmas.12. Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.13. Hearing the good news, he was too excited _(speak).14. It happened _(rain) when I got there.15. I am terribly sorry _(lose) your key.16. I am sorry _(say )that he is going

10、 from bad to worse.17. He asked_(send) to the place where he was most needed.18. What he hoped was_(admit) into the university19. He got to the station only _(find) all the tickets had been sold out.20. I am sorry _(keep) you waiting so long.21. On their return the father asked his son _(explain) wh

11、at he had learnt.22. .My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills.23. 3.I dont know whether you happen _(hear), but Im going to study in the U.S.A this September. 24. 4. The flu is believed _(cause) by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nos

12、e and throat. 25. He seems _（punish) by his teacher yesterday.26. _(save ) the badly sick lady, the doctor had an operation on her.27. He was too frightened _ (say) anything.28. The school ordered all the classroom_( clean ).29. My grandmother seems to have a lot _(worry) about. 30. I am going to the post office. Do you have any letter _(post)?