1、各種狀語(yǔ)從句的用法1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：（1）When引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作稍前一點(diǎn)，when從句表示“一段”時(shí)間或“一點(diǎn)”時(shí)間。When my cousin came yesterday , I was playing volleyhall.昨天我表哥來時(shí)，我正在打排球。（came是一般過去時(shí)，表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，was playing 表示一段時(shí)間，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的。）我今天早上起床時(shí)，感到不舒服。（兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，都是一般過去時(shí)。）when the air moves , it is called wind.空氣流動(dòng)時(shí)，就產(chǎn)

2、生風(fēng)。（moves和is called 是同時(shí)發(fā)生。）when he opened the door , he saw a girl sitting at the desk reading .當(dāng)他打開門時(shí)，他看見一個(gè)女孩正坐在書桌前看書。（opened發(fā)生在saw稍前一點(diǎn)，都用一般過去時(shí)。）when I arrive home , I shall telephone you.我到家時(shí)，將打電話告訴你。(2) before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)主句動(dòng)作的先完成，其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，before引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)。如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后，那么主句和從句的謂

3、語(yǔ)用一般過去時(shí)。he worked in Beijing before he came here.他來這里之前在北京工作。（worked發(fā)生came在之前，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，故用一般過去時(shí)。）He had already worked for five hours continuously before he took a rest.在他休息之前，他已連續(xù)不斷的工作了五個(gè)小時(shí)。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主句had worked 的在前，故用過去完成時(shí)。）I saw him before he left.他離開前我見過他。（saw比left稍前一些，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)兩者的 前后，所以都用一般過去時(shí)。）She was at sc

4、hool before she became a barber. 當(dāng)理發(fā)師之前她在念書。（was發(fā)生在前，became發(fā)生在后，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后，故用一般過去時(shí)。） (3) after:用after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后，after從句用過去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過去時(shí)，如果不強(qiáng)調(diào)先后而表示連續(xù)的動(dòng)作，主句和從句用一般過去時(shí)。after she finished her homework , she went to bed.她完成了作業(yè)就去睡覺了。（表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作接著一個(gè)動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)。）This morning he got up early . h

5、e put on his clothes , washed his face , brushed his teeth and then had his breakfast.After he had had breakfast he went to school.（got, put on , washed , brushed ,had 都用一般過去時(shí)，因?yàn)槭沁B續(xù)的動(dòng)作。Had had 用過去完成時(shí)，因強(qiáng)調(diào)“吃飽”發(fā)生在went 之前。）I shall write to you after I arrive in shanghai .到上海后我將給你寫信。（arrive這個(gè)動(dòng)作先與shall wr

6、ite ,arrive 是以現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)，不可改為shall arrive ）(4) while:用while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作 在某一時(shí)間內(nèi)同時(shí)發(fā)生，意為“在。期間，在。過程中“。while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句只能表示一段時(shí)間，所以必須是可延續(xù)的動(dòng)作。不能表示時(shí)間的點(diǎn)，所以不可也非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。while they were having supper , I came to their home.正當(dāng)他們?cè)诔燥垥r(shí)，我來到他們家。（were having是過去進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，came是過去的一點(diǎn)動(dòng)作。）Father took care of the child w

7、hile his wife was away.妻子不在家時(shí)，父親照顧小孩。（took care和was 都是一半過去時(shí)，表示同時(shí)發(fā)生。）I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.我母親在做飯時(shí)，我在做家庭作業(yè)。（was doing 和was cooking兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。）(5)until(till):till和 until都表示“直到“，兩個(gè)詞?；Q使用，用法有以下兩種：（1）如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性，如come ,go ,enter ,return ,start ,reach ,finish ,stop 等，主句用否定式，從

8、句用肯定式，如結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“直到。才“或”在。之前不“。she wont go to bed , until / till her mother returns.直到她母親回來她才睡。（或“她母親回來之前她不睡“。）They didnt leave the classroom until/till they finished their homework.他們完成了家庭作業(yè)才離開教室。（或“在完成作業(yè)之前，他們沒有離開教室“。）We wont start until peter comes.要等到彼得來了，我們才開始。（2）如果主句謂語(yǔ)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如stay ,wait ,read 等，主句和

9、從句用肯定式，意為“直到?！?。I waited until/till she came back.我一直等到她回來。The children were playing in the playing until/till it was very dark.孩子們?cè)诓賵?chǎng)上一直玩到了天很黑。He ran until he was breathless.他一直跑道氣喘噓噓。(6) as:用as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“當(dāng)。時(shí)“，”一邊。一邊?！?，主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作通紅司發(fā)生，as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句既可表示一段時(shí)間（用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞），也可以表示某一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）as we were walk

10、ing in the street , it began to rain.正當(dāng)我們?cè)诮稚献?，天開始下起了雨。I gave he the letter as she came out of the classroom.當(dāng)她走出教室時(shí)，我把信給了她。She sang as she wet along.她一邊走一邊唱歌。When he was a child.While he was a child. He lived in Beijing .As he was a child.當(dāng)他是個(gè)小孩時(shí)，他住在北京。（可見as有時(shí)可與when和while換用）(7)since:引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“自。以來

11、“。從句的動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的起點(diǎn)，用一般過去時(shí)。主句中的動(dòng)詞表示動(dòng)作的延續(xù)情況，一般要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但要注意兩點(diǎn)：（1）如果主句中的動(dòng)詞是表示狀態(tài)，而不是動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（2）在某種特定的上下文中，主句要用過去完成時(shí)，而不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。five years have passed since he began his work here.自從他開始在這里工作，已經(jīng)過了五年。It is thirty years since I taught English .我教英語(yǔ)已三十年了。She said she had worked in she university for three years

12、since she returned from the USA.她說自從美國(guó)回來后，她在大學(xué)工作已三年了。He has lived here so long since he came.他來以后，已經(jīng)在這住這么久了。I havent heard from her since she left Beijing . 她離開北京以后，我再未收到過她的信。（8）no sooner.than ,hardly when ,scarcely when 表示“剛。就?！?，”一。就?！?。主句的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。如果這些連接詞置與句首，就要用半倒裝次序，即把助動(dòng)詞had放在主語(yǔ)前。如果不放

13、在句首，即不必倒裝。No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.She had no sooner heard the news than she fainted.她一聽到這個(gè)消息就暈了。Hardly had they started to work when the trouble began.They had hardly started to work when the trouble began.他們剛開始工作，麻煩就跟著來了。Scarcely had he entered the room when the phone rang

14、.He had scarcely entered the room when the phone rang.他剛進(jìn)房間電話就響了。(9)as soon as , the moment ,the minute ,once:表示“一。就。，強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作接連發(fā)生，如表示過去的動(dòng)作，主句和從句用一般過去時(shí)。she burst into tears as soon as she heard the bad news.一聽到那個(gè)壞消息，她就突然哭起來。The minute I saw him ,I knew that he was very tired.我一看見他就知道他已很疲倦。I shall give

15、 him the letter the moment he comes.他一來我就把信給他。Once you have taken the examination , you ll be able to relax. 你一考過就可以輕松一下。（10）now(that):now (that)引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句表示“在。的時(shí)候“的意思，在口語(yǔ)中可省略。Now you mention it , I do remember.你這樣一提，我就記起來了。Now(that) it stops raining , well go home.雨既然停了，我們就回家吧。(11) whenever:意為“無論什么時(shí)

16、候“，“每當(dāng)”。whenever he comes , he will bring some sweets for the children.無論什么時(shí)候來，他都給孩子們一些糖果。Whenever he made a trip , he would bring some books with him.每當(dāng)他旅行時(shí)，他總隨身帶一些書。2地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句where,wherever可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。Where there is oppression , there is resistance.哪里有壓迫，哪里就有反抗。Wherever you work ,you must always

17、 remember that you are serving the people.不論你在哪里工作，你必須經(jīng)常記住，你是為人民服務(wù)的。Where there is a will , there is a way.有志者事竟成。Wherever theres plenty of sun and rain ,the fields are green.哪有充足的陽(yáng)光和雨水，哪的地就是一片蔥綠。3. 原因狀語(yǔ)從句（1）由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句why were you absent?你為什么缺席？Because I had a bad cold.因?yàn)槲一剂酥馗忻?。He took off hi

18、s coat because he felt hot.他脫掉大衣，因?yàn)樗械綗?。?）用as和since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句：通常位于主句之前，但有時(shí)也可至于主句之后。as表示的原因語(yǔ)氣最弱。As there was no answer ,I wrote again.由于沒有回信，我又再寫信。As he was in a hurry , he left his bag at home.因?yàn)榇颐?，他把他的提包丟在了家里。I left the party at 10 p.m. ,as I had to get up early the next day .晚上十點(diǎn)我離開了宴會(huì)，因?yàn)榈诙煳业迷缙?。?/p>

19、果since表示的原因是人們已知的事實(shí)，這時(shí)since為as it is the fact that ，其意思則為“既然”since he cant answer the question ,you had better ask someone else.既然他不會(huì)回答這個(gè)問題，你最好還是問另外一個(gè)人吧。I cant buy it ,since I have no money.既然/因?yàn)?由于我沒錢，我不能買這個(gè)東西。如果表示的原因不是確定的事實(shí)，就不能用since，通常用because.Did he come because he wanted help?(3)用now(that)引導(dǎo)的原因

20、狀語(yǔ)從句，一般位于主句之前，如：now (that) he is absent , youll have to do the work by yourself.既然他缺席了，你得自己做這個(gè)工作。4目的狀語(yǔ)從句目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)，長(zhǎng)帶有may ,might ,can ,could ,should ,would.(1) 以hat, so that , in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句。they set out early (so) that they might arrive in time 他們很早動(dòng)身，以便準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)。lets work harder so that we may

21、 fulfil our plan ahead of schedule.讓我們工作得更努力吧，以便能提前完成計(jì)劃。We have learned the native language so that we can speak to the people there.我們學(xué)會(huì)了地方話，以便能和當(dāng)?shù)厝藢?duì)話。She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.她已經(jīng)買了那本書，為了能跟上電視上的課程。（2）以,in case ,for fear that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句：以引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句只用于正式文本，帶有否定

22、意義，意為“免得”，“以防”，“以免”等意義，在現(xiàn)在英語(yǔ)中多為所取代。I hid the book lest he should see it.我把那本書藏起來，以防他看到它。=I hid the book for fear that he should see it.=I hid the book in order that he should not see it.=I hid the book so that he should not see it.He left early in case he should miss the train他很早就離開，以防誤了火車。Take your

23、 raincoat in case it rains/it should rain.把雨衣帶上，以防下雨。The nurses whispered lest they should wake the sleeping child.護(hù)士們低聲說話，以免吵醒正在睡覺的孩子。=the nurses whispered in case they should wake the sleeping child.=the nurses whispered so (that) they should not wake the sleeping child.=the nurses whispered in or

24、der that they should not wake the sleeping child.5結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是因，從句是果（1） so that so that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句。1 So .that 意為“如此 以至于”。這種結(jié)果從句的結(jié)果為so+形容詞或副詞+that從句。He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word他如此憤怒以至于一言不發(fā)的離開了房間。The book was so boring that he gave up reading it half way through.這本

25、書是如此的令人厭煩，他讀了一半就棄而不讀了。當(dāng)so位于句首時(shí)，主句的詞序要倒裝。So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital.他傷得很重，以至于他不得不去醫(yī)院治療。2由so that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句：so that 意為“結(jié)果”I was without money , so that o couldnt buy the book.我身上沒錢，結(jié)果不能買那本書。He had over slept ,so he was late for work.他睡過了頭，結(jié)果上班遲到了。（2） 由such (a)that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀

26、語(yǔ)從句，可分為以下個(gè)種：1 such a+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that 從句，意為“如此 以至于 ”This is such a beautiful chair that Im thinking of buying it.這是一張這么漂亮的椅子，我想買它。It was such a bad accident that several people got injured.事故如此嚴(yán)重，以至于有好幾個(gè)人受了傷。2 such+復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+that從句They are such fine sons and daughters of the people that we all hold then in

27、great respect.他們是人民的這樣好的兒女，所以我們都非常敬重他們。3 such +不可數(shù)名詞+that 從句This is such beautiful furniture that Im thinking of buying it.這是如此漂亮的家具，以至于我想買它。6 行為方式狀語(yǔ)從句as .as so ,as if 來引導(dǎo)you must do the exercises as I show you.你不許照我演示給你看的那樣去做練習(xí)。Please do exactly as your doctor says.請(qǐng)完全照醫(yī)生所說的話去做。Mary was behaving as

28、 though she hadnt grown up .瑪利的舉止顯示她好象還沒長(zhǎng)大。She stood at the door as if she was /were waiting for someone.她站在門邊，好象在等某人。He walks as if he was /were drunk.他像酒醉一樣走路。It looks as if it might snow /is going to snow.看起來要下雪了。7比較狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句的詞或詞組有：than ,the+比較級(jí).,the +比較級(jí),as +原級(jí).as ,not as (so) +原級(jí)as (1) 用than

29、 引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用比較級(jí)，than 從句用原級(jí)。She went to school earlier than tom did.她上學(xué)比湯拇早。Canada is a little bigger than the united states.加拿大比美國(guó)稍大一些。Production is going up much faster than before.生產(chǎn)比過去增長(zhǎng)得快多了。(2)用the +比較級(jí).,the +比較級(jí)的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“越 越”，“ 愈 愈”等。The more we can do for you ,the happier we will be .我們?yōu)槟銈冏龅迷蕉啵?/p>

30、越感到高興。(3)用as +原級(jí)as, not as (so) +原級(jí).as 時(shí)，這些都用在同一個(gè)等級(jí)的比較，as.as為“像 一樣”， not as (so) .as 為“不像 一樣”或“不和 一樣”he got up as early as his mother .他和他母親起得一樣早。It is no so /as cold in fuzhou as it is in Beijing .在福州不像在北京明年冷。8條件狀語(yǔ)從句if ,unless , so long as ,as long as ,in case ,if only ,provided that ,providing 等（1

31、） 用if導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。1引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件狀語(yǔ)從句if he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.如果他不在辦公室，他準(zhǔn)是去吃飯了。If you move ,Ill shoot you .你若動(dòng)，我就開槍。If it rains ,the match will be cancelled.如果下雨，比賽就將取消。2引導(dǎo)非真實(shí)條件句1） 從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或were型虛擬語(yǔ)氣，主句用would/should/could/might+不定式if I were you ,I should /would con

32、sult a doctor.假如我是你的話，我會(huì)去求教醫(yī)生的。2） 當(dāng)從句表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，主句動(dòng)詞用would/should/could/might+不定式完成體。If he had tried hard last term ,he would have succeeded.如果上個(gè)學(xué)期他努力學(xué)習(xí)，他就會(huì)成功。3)當(dāng)叢集表示將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件時(shí)，從句動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)或were/was to+不定式，主句動(dòng)詞用would/shouldcould/might|+不定式if it rained tomorrow , the match would be canc

33、elled.假若明天下雨，比賽就將被取消。Were I in your place ,I would be very worried.假若我處于你的地位，我將會(huì)擔(dān)心的。(2) 用so long as , as long as ,in case 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。As long as you are going to town anyway , you can do something for me.既然你要進(jìn)城，你可以幫我一點(diǎn)忙。I will go there so long as he invites me.只要他邀請(qǐng)，我就去那里。As long as we dont lose heart

34、 ,well find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我們不灰心，我們就能找到克服困難的辦法。Send me a message in case you have any difficulty.萬(wàn)一有什么困難，請(qǐng)給我們一個(gè)信。（2） unlesshe is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.除非有急事，他一定會(huì)來。You will not pass the exam unless you study hard .如果你不努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會(huì)通不過考試。（3） provided that ,if on

35、lyyou can use my dictionary ,provided that you keep it chean.你可以使用我的詞典，如果你能保持它的清潔。If only he has a chance ,he will do great things.只要他有機(jī)會(huì)，他就能干大事。9讓步狀語(yǔ)從句though ,although ,even if ,even though ,whatever ,no matter who （1） although and though :意義相同，在一般情況下可互換使用。Although 比 though 語(yǔ)氣更重一些。He didnt light the fire though/although it was cold.他沒有生火，雖然天很冷。Though 能與even連用，而