1、Book5Unit3Lifeinfuturei詞語辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1).surrounding/environmentn.環(huán)境surrounding指周圍或附近的一切事物;環(huán)境(常用復數(shù))environment指生態(tài)環(huán)境,自然環(huán)境(與the連用);還指影響個體或事物行為或開展的環(huán)境.【練習】選擇surrounding或environment并用其適當?shù)男问教羁?) Goodworkcannotbedoneinunpleasantoruncomfortable.2) Ahappyfamilyprovidesalovingforitschildren.3) Thehouseisin

2、beautiful.4) Itisourdutytoprotectthefrompollution.Keys:1)surroundings2)environment3)surroundings4)environment2.constant/continual/continuous(1constantadj.不斷的,經常的,強調始終如一地經常出現(xiàn).(2)continualadj.連續(xù)不斷的：頻繁的,表示時斷時續(xù)的發(fā)生.(3)continuousadj.不停的,連續(xù)不斷的,強調中間不停頓.應用1(1)thewashofthetides潮水不停的拍擊(2)Theyhavehada3daysfligh

3、t.他們已經有了一個連續(xù)三天的飛行.(3)Airisinmotion.空氣在不停地運動.答案是：continual;continuous;constantII詞性變化(旨在提供語法填空所需材料)1. n.印象；感想：印記一v.使留下深刻印象一adj.給人深刻印象的2. n.周圍的事物；環(huán)境一adj.周圍的一vt.圍繞；包圍3. n.定居；解決一v.定居：解決一n.定居者4. adj.時常發(fā)生的；連續(xù)不斷的一adv.不斷地5. n.調整；調節(jié)一vt.調整；調節(jié)6. vi.&vt.按：壓：逼迫n.按；壓：印刷：新聞一n.壓力7. adj.樂觀(主義)的-*n.樂觀主義8. n.瞬間；片刻a

4、dj.立即的；馬上的一adv.立即：馬上9. n.代表；典型人物adj.典型的：有代表性的一v.代表m重點詞匯(旨在提供綜合運用所需材料)Lsettlementn.1)定居點C2)(解決紛爭的)協(xié)議C3)解決,處理Usettlev.定居cometoasettlement解決；決定;和解settleinCanada.定居加拿大settledown安排下來：過穩(wěn)定有序的生活：練習】漢譯英1)他與一家人安排下來務農2)她丈夫死后,她定居俄亥俄Keys:1)Hesettleddownasafarmerwithafamily.2)Afterthedeathofherhusband,shesettledh

5、erfamilyinOhio.2.impressionn.印象；感想；印記impressvt.使感動,使留下印象impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的haveanimpressionof對有印象impresssth.on/uponsb.使某人銘記某事物beundertheimpressionthat認為：以impresssb.withsth,使某人銘記某事物為beimpressedby/at/with對印象深刻makeanimpressionon給留下印象animpressivescene難忘的場面即學即練1(l)Thenewteacherthestudents,新教師給學生留下了一個好印

6、象°(2)1thatIKeys:1)Doyouhaveanypreviousexperienceofthiskindofjob?2)Previoustocominghere,Ipreparedallthedocumentsforyou.guiden.向導,指南,指導,導游,有指導意義的事物vt.指導,治理,帶著aguideto.的指南guidepost路標guidesb.througli/across帶著某人穿越即學即練3veseenthatmanbefore.我覺得我以前見過那個人.(3)Therobberhisfeetinthemud.強盜在爛泥里留下了他的腳印.(4)Thete

7、achertheimportanceofEnglishus,老師讓我們銘記(向我們強調)英語的重要性.(5)1wasdeeplyhisperformance他的表演給我留卜極深的印象.答案是：madeagoodimpressionon;havetheiinpression;leftanimpressionofimpressedonimpressedby/at/with練習漢譯英1我隱約記得我們以前曾經見過而2你對他的印象如何？他給你的印象怎樣?3我父親讓我銘記艱苦勞動的價值.Keys:1)1havetheimpressionthatwehavemetoncebefore.2)Whafsyour

8、impressionofhim?3)Myfatherimpressedonmethevalueofhardwork.3.previousadj.以前的；早先的previouslyadv.先前地；以前地previousto在前;先于to為介詞即學即練2lNoexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.這一工作無需相關的經驗.this,she'dalwaysbeenill.這以前,她身體一向不好.3TheworldrecordwasheldbyaSpanishathlete,這項世界紀錄以前是由一位西班牙運發(fā)動保持的.答案是：previous:Previousto:pr

9、eviously練習漢譯英1你以前有過這種工作經驗嗎？2來這里之前,我為你準備了文件.(l)Teachersshouldthestudentstheirstudies.教師應當指導學生們進行學習.(2)Thesephilosophicalviewscanserveasalife.這些哲學觀點可以作為處世指南.(3)Hethemanthroughthestreetstotherailwaystation.他帶這個人穿過街道到達火車站.(4)1don'tknow.YoumaylookintheTV,我不知道,你可以看看?電視報?.(5)It'sanimportantthestudy

10、ofscience.這是學習科學的重要指南.答案是：guidein;guideiniguided：Guide;guideto5.1 ackvt.缺乏；沒有n.缺乏；短缺的東西重點用法lacksth.(wisdom/commonsense/money缺乏智慧/常識/金錢)belackingin(courage/determinationtodo.)缺乏做某事的勇氣/決心a/dielackof的缺乏forlackof因缺乏havenolackof不缺乏典例1) Youwillnotbelackinginsupportfromme,你將得到我的幫助2) Ilackedfornothing.我不需要任

11、何東西練習用lack的適當形式填空.1)Though(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity.2)Hecompletelyconscience.3)Sheisinresponsibility.4)ofrestmakesherlooktired.Keys:l)lacking2)lacked3)lacking4)Lack6.instantn.瞬間,剎那adj立即的,馬上的ininstantneedofhelp急需救助inaninstant馬上：馬上表就"的有：theminute/moment/second/instant,ass

12、oonasJnstantly,immediately,directly即學即練4(1)1need.我需要立即答復.Theinjuredwerehelp,那些傷者急需救助.(3)1shallbeback,我馬上就回來.(4)PleasesendmeanemailyoureachSichuan,你一到四川就給我發(fā)電子郵件.(5)IsawhimIknewhewasthemanthepolicewerelookingfo匚我一看見他就認出他正是警方在尋找的那個人.答案是：aninstantreply;ininstantneedof;inaninstant；theinstant；InstantlyW重點

13、詞組旨在提供綜合運用所需材料1.takeup占去時間/空間；開始學習;takeoff脫衣服；起飛：成名takein吸入：領會；包含；收留某人takeaway解除：消除痛苦等takeback收回說過的話：退回貨物;與重歸于好,使回憶起即學即練5從事：繼續(xù)；接受:拿起：改短衣服；參加takedown=writedown,notedown寫下：撤除takeon呈現(xiàn)新面貌：雇用：承當責任takefor當做：誤認為takeapart拆開takeover接管,接收寫出以下句中takeup的意思,(l)Finallyhetookupthetextbookandreadusthelesson,拿起(2)The

14、tabletakesuptoomuchroom,占去(空間)(3)ShetookupthestorywhereTimhadleftoff.繼續(xù)Johntookupwritingpoetrywhileatschool.開始從事(5)Shetookuphisofferofadrink,接受(6)Thisskirtneedstakingup,改短(衣服)(7)Theirprotestswerelatertakenupbyothergroups.力口入練習根據括號里所給的漢語補全句子或譯句子.l)Tokeephealthy*ProfessorJohnson(從事；開始做)cyclingasaregul

15、arformofexerciseafterheretired.2)Hclenalwayshelpshermothereventhoughgoingtoschool(從事,占據)mostofherday.3)你以為我是個傻瓜嗎？4)不要把沉默誤認為是同意.Keys:l)tookup2)takesup3)Doyoutakemeforafool?4)Don'ttakesilenceforapproval.2.besimilarto與相似典例1) Hisviewsaresimilartomine他的觀點與我的很相似.2) Theyaresimilartoeachotherinappearanc

16、e,他們在長相上非常相似.相似短語歸納befamiliarto對某人來說是熟悉的befamiliarwith某人對很熟悉inasimilarway以與相似的方式練習漢譯英1)如果我們總是以相似的方法去思考,我們幾乎不能跳出這個圈子.2)在經濟開展方面,印度和中國很相似.Key:1)Wecanhardlyescapethecircleifwestillthinkinasimilarway.2)IndiaisverysimilartoChinainthedevelopmentofeconomy.3.1osesightof/catchsightof不再看見.J瞥見重點用法get/have/catch

17、sightof看見,發(fā)現(xiàn)losesightof看不見at(the)sightof一看見outofsight不被看見,在視線之外in/withinsight被見到,在視線內outofsightof在看不見的地方in/withinsightof在看得見的地方(1)1himinthecrowd,在人群中我再也看不到他了(2)Sheletoutacrythesnake.她一見到蛇,就發(fā)出叫喊聲.(3)Sheilaherownfaceinoneoftheshopwindows,希拉在一扇櫥窗里瞥見了自己的臉.Whenwegottothebeach,therewasn'tasoul.我們到達海灘時

18、一個人也看不到.答案是:lostsightof;atthesightof;caughtsightof;insight練習漢譯英1他一直揮手直至火車消失在視線中.2盡管忙于家務,那個母親也能讓孩子不走出她的視線,3一看到這幅畫,教授就被深深地吸引住了.Keys:lHewaveduntilthetrainwasoutofsight.2Thoughbusywithhousework,themotherstillcankeepherchildinsight.3Atthesightofthepainting,theprofessorwasattracteddeeply.sweepup清掃；橫掃短語歸納s

19、weepaside放堆到一邊,不予理會sweepout掃掉；去除sweepaway掃清,迅速消滅,肅清,沖走sweepover將一掃而光sweepoff掃清；吹走；大量去除練習選擇短語并用恰當?shù)男问教羁?1） Aftertheparty,thehouseneeded.2） Theleaveswereintotheairbythestrongwind.A.sweepoffB.sweepoverC.sweepupD.sweepoutKeys:1.sweepingup2.sweptupV重點句子旨在提供句子結構等所需材料1. Whatproblemsdoyouthinkpeopleinthefutu

20、rewillhaveovercome?你認為未來的人們將克服什么問題？解釋此句為復雜疑問句,其句式結構為：疑問詞+doyouthink+其余局部其余局部為陳述語序,doyouthink為插入成分.能用于此句型的動詞有：think,believe,supposetimaginesuggest,expect等.典例1 Whodoyouthinkisthetallestinyourclass?你認為在你們班誰最高？2Whatdoyoubelievematterswhenwetakeupthework?你認為我們從事這項工作什么東西最要緊?3Whodoyousupposewillwinthegame?

21、你認為誰會贏得這比賽?注意1如果此句型的動詞后面的從句里有否認意義,往往要把否認前置.如：Idon'ttliiiikit'srighttodoso.我想這樣做是不對的.2該句型變反意疑問句,主句主語是第一人稱且是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,反問局部與從句一致,否那么與主句一致.如：IthinkthathehasbeentoBeijing,hasn'the?Hethinksthattheirteamaresuretowinthegame,doesn'the?練習漢譯英1你覺得我們什么時候見面好？2我想他們馬上就到.Keys:l)whendoyouthinkisconvenient

22、forustohaveameeting?2)1believetheywillarriveshortly.2. Thisissimilartothe“jetlag"yougetwhenflying,這與你在飛行過程中的時差反響是相類似的.解釋WhenHying是whenyouareflying的省略形式.在有些表時間、條件、方式或讓步的從句中,如果謂語包含有動詞be,主語又和主句的主語一致,或者主語是it,就常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和be動詞省略.典例1） Whenaskedwhere'sthetoilet,thewaitressshowedthewaypolitelytodie

23、guest.當被問及廁所在哪時,效勞員非常有禮貌地給客人帶路.2） Untilfinishingthehomework,thechildwasallowedtowatchthecartoonfilm.直至完成作業(yè),小孩才允許看卡通片.3） Ifnecessary,youcancallhelpfromthepolice.有必要時,你可以求助警察局.練習漢譯英1即使被打致死,他依然保守秘密.2可能的話,到機場來接我.3過馬路時,孩子們被要求停下觀望再手牽手通過.Keys:1)Thoughbeatentodeath,hestillkeptthesecret.2)Ifpossible,pleaseco

24、metomeetmeattheairport.3)Whencrossingtheroad,thechildrenarerequiredtostoptolookaroundandwalkhandinhand.3. Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鮮空氣,我感到頭痛.Hitbyalackoffreshair為過去分詞短語作狀語.過去分詞在句中作狀語時,和句子的主語是被動關系,在句中可以作時間、條件、原因、方式、讓步及伴隨狀語.©Offeredanimportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecome

25、famous.(2021四川高考單項填空)由于安迪在一部新電影中被分給一個重要角色,她得到了一個成名的時機.,theywilldoitmuchbetter.如果再給他們一次時機,他們會把它做得更好.(Givenanotherchance)Bittentwice,thepostmanrefusedtodeliverourlettersunlesswechainedourdog.那個郵遞員被狗咬了兩次后,他拒絕給我們家送信,除非我們把狗拴上.練習(1)athersuccess.herparentstookhertoanexpensiverestauranttocelebrate.A.Todelig

26、htB.TobedelightedC.DelightedD.Delighting答案：C(2)Helayinbedallnight,.A.wakeB.awakeC.wakenD.Woke答案：B(3)Afterhisjourneyfromabroad,RichardJonesreturnedhome.A.exhaustingB.exhaustedC.beingexhaustedD.havingexhausted答案：B解析：形容詞exhausted意為"(感到)精疲力竭的,在此處做狀語,說明主語的特征；exhausting意為“令人精疲力竭的,常指事物：beingexhausted僅

27、能做狀語,表示原因,此處與語境不符.(4)WhydidJohnaskmeabouttheproblem?,hetriedtofindabetterwaytosettleit.A.NottobesatisfiedB.NotsatisfiedC.NotbeingsatisfiedD.Donftsatisfy答案:B解析：過去分詞做原因狀語,notsatisfied相當于becausehewasnotsatisfied.A項,表目的;C項,強調動作,此處表狀態(tài)：D項,不符合句子結構.過去分詞作狀語除表示被動意義以外,有時候只是表示狀態(tài),常用于過去分詞作表語的一些固定搭配中.這類短語有:(be)los

28、tin.(be)dressedin(be)stnickby.(be)basedon(be)absorbedin(be)astonishedat.(be)attachedto(be)addictedto迷失在穿著被感動依據專心于對感到驚訝隸屬于迷戀：沉溺于4. Well,nowthere*sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.現(xiàn)在,這里有一種裝置,能利用生態(tài)學原理來處理掉廢棄物.領先行詞為system,case,point,position,situation,scene,condition等詞且關系詞在從句中作狀語時,常用where引導定語從句,有時where可用inwhich替換.Theaccidenthasreachedtoapointwhereboththeirparents