1、UNIT 2 English Around the WorldTeaching aims and demands:1. Topic: English language and its development; different kinds of English2. Vocabulary: include, role, international, native, elevator, flat, apartment, rubber, petrol, gad, modern, however, culture, actually, present(adj.), rule(v.), vocabul

2、ary, usage, government, rapidly, candy, lorry, command, polite, request, boss, standard, Midwestern, southern, eastern, southeastern, northwestern, Spanish, recognize, accent, lightning, direction, mama, block3. Useful expressions: play a role in, because of, come up, such as, give a command, play a

3、 part4. Function: language difficulties in communicationPardon? I beg your pardon? I dont understand.Could you say that again, please? Sorry, I cant follow you.Could you repeat that, please? Can you speak more slowly, please?5. Grammar: imperative sentences and its indirect speechOpen the door. Plea

4、se open the door.Would you please open the door? He told me to open the door.Warming upTeaching Aim: 1. Ss will be able to know some differences between British English and American English. 2. Ss will be able to master some usages of the words and phrases. Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead-in (Start

5、with a free chat with Ss about learning English.) T: How many years have you learnt English? How many languages do we speak? What do you find difficult in learning English? (Ss may have different ideas, but they may consider vocabulary as their most difficult one.) Do you think it necessary for us S

6、s to master such a foreign language? (-With the development of globalization, English has become an international tool for people to communicate with each other. And we are the future of our homeland, so its our duty to prosper our country; therefore, to master a foreign language becomes a necessity

7、.)In which countries is English used as the native language? Do you think the Englishes spoken all around the world are all the same ?Enjoy BBC and VOAStep 2 discussion Activity 1. Ss discuss in groups about the differences between British English and American English, and give some examples.Activit

8、y 2. Ss guess which of the following words is British English and which is American English: apartment/flat bathroom/toilet can/tin candy/sweet check/banknote (cheque) elevator/lift fall/autumn game/match line/queue penal /pen friend mad/angry mail/ post mom/mum movie(film)/film pants /trousers repa

9、ir/mend sick/ill cookie/biscuit crazy/mad drugstore/chemists gas/petrol Step 3 warming upT: Now lets enjoy a dialogue between two foreigners. T: Which language do they speak? Why do they misunderstand each other? (There exist differences between Englishes. The different Englishes make up the world E

10、nglishes.)Step 4 discussion1. Do we need to learn both British and American English?2. What kind of English would you like to learn?3. Why?Step 5 appreciationAppreciate the dialogue between Bush and BlairStep6 Homework1. Preview reading 2. English weekly 3. p11 ex1,2.ReadingTeaching aim:a) Ss will b

11、e able to know the development of English and feel the role that culture plays in the change of language. b) Comprehend the whole passagec) Ss will be able to know how to get the key sentence of a paragraph.Teaching procedures:Step 1 lead in Ask students several questions in the form of brain stormi

12、ng.1.Do you know the countries where people speak English? List them on a piece of paper.2.What are the two main groups of English?3.Do you know the differences between British English and American English? 4Do you know the history of English?Step 2 fast readingEnglish is not only different from cou

13、ntry to country, but also different from what it was before. Read the title “the road to modern English” and predict (預(yù)測) what the passage is mainly about?T: Scan the text to find or make out a key sentence for each paragraph.Let the students find out key sentence of each paragraph or ask them to su

14、mmarize the main point for each paragraph in their own words.Paragraph 1: The spread of the English language in the worldParagraph 2: Native speaker can understand each other but they may not be able to understand everything.Paragraph 3-4: All languages change when cultures communicate with one anot

15、her.Paragraph 5: English is spoken as a foreign language or second language in Africa and Asia.Step 3. Intensive reading T: Lets enjoy the whole passage paragraph by paragraph again. Pay special attention to the following Qs:How did old English develop into modern English?Why does English change all

16、 the way?What other Englishes developed from the old English? (1). Give the three major periods of the development of English. the end of the 16th century- the next century - today Who promoted the spread of English? People. When they moved, they carried English to different places. (2) T: Although

17、they speak English, yet sometimes they can not understand each other well, why?- Because there exist differences between different Englishes, not only in vocabulary, but also in pronunciation and spelling. (hot/mum/honour/ honor/neighbour/neighor.) (3) T: How do these differences come about? (Why do

18、es English change over time?)- Because of cultural communication.Ask ss to find out the characteristics of each time according to the time axis.AD450-1150: German 1150-1500: less like German; more like FrenchIn the 1600s: Shakespeares English The time ADEL was written: American EnglishLater: Austral

19、ian English (4) T: Besides the countries where English is used as a native language, where else is English used as a foreign language?- South Asia, India, South Africa, Singapore, Malaysia and China.Activity 1. fill in the chartAD450-1150English was based on _English was more like French.At the end

20、of the 16th century How many people speak English? _Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary._American English gained its own identity.Later_ English had its identity.Activity 2.  Answer the following questions(1)What is the clue of the passage?(2) Why does India have a very number of English

21、 speakers?(3) When did people from England begin to move to other parts of the world?Activity 3: Choose the correct answers.Step 4 Post-Reading T: From the passage we can see English is widely accepted as a native, second or third language. No wonder the number of people learning English in China is

22、 increasing rapidly. Will Chinese English become one of the world Englishes? - “ Only time will tell”. T: How do you understand this sentence? - It means that something can only be known in the future. T: What can you infer from this sentence about the development of English in China? - It indicates

23、 that it remains to be seen just how much the Chinese culture will influence the English language in the present country.Step 5. Language focus:1) even if=even though: in spite of the fact; no matter whether: He likes to help us even if he is very busy.2) communicate with: exchange information or co

24、nversation with other people: He learnt to use body language to communicate with deaf customers.3) actually=in fact: used when you are adding new information to what you have just said: Weve known for years. Actually, since we were babies.4) be based on:5) make use of: use sth. available 6) Only tim

25、e will tell: to say that something can only be known in the future: Will Chinas national football team enter for the next finals of the World Cup? Only time will tell.Step 6 DiscussionWork in groups. Discuss the question and then ask two groups to report their answers to the class. 1. Why do you thi

26、nk people all over the world want to learn English?Possible answer:The reasons why people all over the world want to learn English: With economy globalization, English has become the best bridge to serve the purpose of people all over the world communicating with one another. However, like all major

27、 languages in the world, English is always changing. In order to adjust to native speakers from different parts of the world, it is a must for people all over the world to learn English, whether in English speaking countries or in non-English speaking countries. Also, people from different parts of

28、the world speak English with various accent and dialects, and people have to learn about the difference between different kinds of English in order to avoid misunderstanding while communicating.(All persuasive reasons can be accepted.)Step 7 Homework1. Read the passage as fluently as you can.2. Find

29、 out some words and sentences you think are beautiful and recite them.3. p11.ex2.3.4Vocabulary and Useful ExpressionsWarming up1. They are called world Englishes and they include Canadian, British, American, Australian and Indian. include: v. 包括，包含e.g. The price includes service. 這個(gè)價(jià)錢包括服務(wù)費(fèi)。including

30、 prep. 包括 e.g. I have to prepare food for six people, including me/ me included. 我必須準(zhǔn)備包括我在內(nèi)6個(gè)人的餐點(diǎn)。When the accidents happened, there were 100 people on the bus, _A. include a teacher B. including a teacherC. included a teacher D. a teacher included 2. World Englishes come from those countries where

31、English plays an important role as a first or second language, either because of foreign rule or because of its special role as an international language.I. where English plays an important role as a first or second language 是where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾countries。e.g. This is the house where I lived ten years a

32、go. 這是我十年前住過的房子。II. play a role : to act, take the actors part in a play 扮演角色 e.g. The U.N. plays an important role in international relations. 聯(lián)合國在國際關(guān)系方面扮演著重要的角色。play a part: to be involved in an activity 參加某活動(dòng); 也可以表示“扮演角色”。e.g. She played an active part in the local community. 她積極參與地方活動(dòng)。（相當(dāng)于take a

33、n active part in ）She played an important role / a major part in winning the match.她對這場比賽的勝利起了重要作用。III because of prep. by reason of (sb / sth)；on account of 因?yàn)?，后接名詞或代詞。e.g. He didnt attend the meeting because of the bad weather. 他由于天氣不好而沒有參加這個(gè)會(huì)議。because : for the reason that 因?yàn)椤ecause 是連詞，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句

34、。because of：是介詞，后接名詞或代詞。They came here _.A. because us B. because of us C. because of we D. because weIV. international adj.國際的；世界的e.g. They signed an international agreement on nuclear waste.他們簽定了關(guān)于核廢料的國際協(xié)議。V. native 1） adj.本國的；本土的native customs當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)俗His native language is German. 他的母語是德語。Potato is n

35、ative to America. 馬鈴薯是美洲產(chǎn)的。Many foreigners have gone native in China.許多外國人在中國已入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。2） n.C本國人；本地人；土著人a native of London(Wales/India/Kenya) 倫敦人（威爾士人/印度人/肯尼亞人）Reading3. Would you please come up to my flat for a visit? 請到我的公寓來坐坐，好嗎？ come up ：1）if someone comes up to you, they come close to you, especial

36、ly in order to speak to you. 走過來，走近 e.g. One of the teachers came up and started talking to me.一位老師走過來，開始和我談起話來。A man came up to him and asked for help. 一個(gè)人走到他前面，向他尋求幫助。Why dont you come up to New York for the weekend? 為何不去紐約過周末呢？2）if a subject comes up, people mention it and discuss it. (話題議題)被提出e.

37、g. His name came up in the conversation. The subject of salaries didnt come up. 他的名字在談話中被提起。沒有提薪水。4. So why has English changed over time? 那么英語在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢？ over: throughout (a period); during 貫穿（一時(shí)間段）。e.g. Over the years he has become more patient. 這幾天他越來越有耐心。She has been ill in bed _ the past we

38、ek.A. at B. on C. over D. above答案：CThey had a pleasant chat _ a cup of coffee. NMET 2003年，北京，33A. for B. with C. during D. over答案：D over在時(shí)。他們在喝咖啡時(shí)進(jìn)行了一次愉快的談話。5. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.當(dāng)不同文化互相溝通時(shí)，所有的語言都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。culture: the beliefs, way of life, art, and customs t

39、hat are shared and accepted by people in a particular society. 文化e.g. In our culture, it is rude to ask someone how much they earn. 在我們的文化中，問他人掙多少錢是不禮貌的。I love working abroad and meeting people from different cultures. 我喜歡在國外工作，這樣可以接觸到不同文化的人。6. Actually, it was based more on German than present day

40、English. 實(shí)際上，當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多的是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。I. actually in fact; as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 e.g. Actually, he is telling a lie. 事實(shí)上，他在撒謊。II. base: to use sth as grounds, evidence, etc for sth else, 常用于base sth on sth 結(jié)構(gòu)以及其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示以某事物為另一事物的根據(jù)，證據(jù)等。 e.g. He based his hopes on the good news we had yesterday.他把希

41、望寄托在我們昨天得到的好消息上。III. present: adj. 1） the present day also the present in the time now, or modern times現(xiàn)在的，目前的，當(dāng)前的The custom has continued from the 5th century to the present day.這風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣從5世紀(jì)流傳到目前。2）in a particular place。 出席的，在場的，與absent 相對。常用于be present at/inA lot of students were present at the meeti

42、ng. 很多學(xué)生出席那個(gè)會(huì)議。 (3)to be felt strongly or remembered for a long time. （事物等）留存（在心中）The memory of her brothers death is still present in/to her mind. 她弟弟的去世仍然記在她的心中。7. It became less like German, and more like French because those who ruled England at that time spoke French. 它不那么像德語，而更像法語了，因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)英國的統(tǒng)治者講

43、法語。.rule : to have the official power to control a country and the people who live there.統(tǒng)治（國家，國民）Queen Victoria ruled England for 64 years. 維多利亞女王統(tǒng)治英國64年。8. It became close to the language you are learning now.它變得更接近你們正在學(xué)習(xí)的這種語言。9.close to: 靠近，接近 Our house is close to the bus stop. 我們的房子離公共汽車站很近。 9.

44、 In the 1600s, Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.莎士比亞用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。 I. in the 1600s :在17 世紀(jì)。也可以寫作：in the 1600s.In the 1980s great changes took place in China.在二十世紀(jì)八十年代，中國發(fā)生了巨大的變化。1） Through he is _(60 多歲) , he is still learning English.2） He came to China _ （在二十世紀(jì)60 年代）。答案

45、：1) in his sixties; 2)in the 1960sII. make use of : to use 利用，使用 Students should make full use of their time.學(xué)生應(yīng)該充分利用時(shí)間。III. vocabulary : all the words that someone knows or uses. 詞匯Reading is one of the best ways of improving your vocabulary. 閱讀是提高你的詞匯量的最好的方法之一。IV. than ever before：比以前 He is studyi

46、ng English harder than ever (before).One big change in English usage happened when Noah Webster wrote the American Dictionary of the English Language, giving American English its own identity.英語用法發(fā)生了大變化，那就是諾厄· 韋伯斯特編撰美國英語辭典的那個(gè)時(shí)期，這本辭典體現(xiàn)了美國英語的特色。identity: n. 本人，身份；相同，一致；個(gè)性e.g. Why did she need to

47、conceal her identity? 她為什么需要隱藏她的身份呢？ 10. English is also spoken in many other countries in Africa and Asia, such as South Africa, Singapore and Malaysia. 在非洲和亞洲許多其他國家，比如：南非，新加坡，馬來西亞等國人們也說英語。such as: used when giving an example of somethinge.g. Cartoon characters such as Mickey Mouse and Snoopy are s

48、till popular. 像米老鼠和唐老鴨一樣的動(dòng)畫人物仍然很受歡迎。11. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.目前在中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長。 Learning English in China: 在句子中作people 的定語。 e.g. There are a lot of parents waiting for their children at the gate of our school. 有許多家長在我們學(xué)校門口等著孩子。The picture _ on t

49、he wall is painted by my nephew. NMET 2000年春，北京 A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung答案：B hang 在該句中是不及物動(dòng)詞，現(xiàn)在分詞hanging 作picture 的定語，表示一種狀態(tài)。Using language Teaching Aim: Ss will be able to know that there are a lot of different dialects in the same language. Teaching procedures Step 1 Warmin

50、g upEnjoy a clip of film.T: What do you think of the film? When watching the film, can you understand it well?S: .T: What made it difficult for you to fully understand the film?S: The different languages spoken in the film.T: How many local languages did you hear in this film?S: Sichuanhua, Guangton

51、gnese and Putonghua.T: In China, different areas have their different dialects. Can you tell me some of them?T: And people in different cities speak different dialects.Can people from different cities recognize each others dialects?S: Sometimes people have some difficulty in recognizing each others

52、dialects.T: How to solve this problem? Is there standard Chinese in China? What is it?Putonghua is regarded as standard Chinese. Although in daily life, local people speak their own dialects, in some occasions, they will have to use Putonghua to communicate with people from other areas. (Give more h

53、ints to help the students.)T: What kind of language is used in our class now?S: English.T: English is another kind of language. What you said is of course right, while what I said is also not wrong. Why? Because what you said is British English while what I said is American English. Are British Engl

54、ish and American English the same? No, there are some differences between British English and American English. Then what are the differences? Do you know? Now Ill tell you. British English and American English are different in pronunciation, in spelling and in words and expressions. In fact, in eac

55、h English-speaking country, English has its own identity. Even in the same country, people in different areas speak a little different dialects. Then for people who learn English as a second language, what kind of English should they learn? American English, British English, Australian English or Ca

56、nadian English? Is there standard English? Today, were going to learn a passage about standard English and dialects.Step 2 Skimming T: Read the passage quickly and find out the topic sentence for each paragraph.Para.1: There is no such a thing as standard English.Para.2: American English has many dialects whose words and expression are different from “standard English”.Para.3: Geography plays a part in making dialects.Step 3 ScanningT: Read the text again to locate particular infor