1、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞Note 2Note 1 Modal verbsabilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make suggestions make offers give advice 能力能力義務(wù)義務(wù),責(zé)任責(zé)任肯定性肯定性允許允許 提出提出請求請求 提出提出建議建議提供幫忙提供幫忙提出提出意見意見1 情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞must，can，could，may，might都可都可用來表示推測用來表示推測 1. must所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意所表示的可能性最大，最有把握，意為為“一定一定

2、”。2. can和和could主要用于否定句和疑問句中主要用于否定句和疑問句中 ，cant或或couldnt 表示表示“不可能不可能”3. may 和和 might表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動作表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)砜赡馨l(fā)生的動作或情況，主要用于肯定句中，或情況，主要用于肯定句中，might相對于相對于may 來說，表示的可能性更小一些。來說，表示的可能性更小一些。注意：注意：1). 表示猜測，表示猜測，can/could一般不用于肯定一般不用于肯定句中，除非是句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗之談經(jīng)驗之談”。 如：如：Anybody can make mistakes 如：如：(正正) Can Could it be

3、 cloudy tomorrow ？(誤誤) May Might it be cloudy tomorrow ？1. Mary _ be in Paris， ，for I saw her in the town only a few minutes ago A mustnt B cant C shouldnt D may not2. Peter come with us tonight， ，but he isnt very sure yet A must B may C can D will 2)may和和might都不用于疑問句中。都不用于疑問句中。 3. Are you coming to

4、 Jeffs party Im not sure I go to the concert instead A must B would C should D might 4. It _ last night， ，for the ground was wet this morning A must have rained B may have rained C must rain D might rain should也可以用來表示也可以用來表示“推測推測”，意為，意為“可能；該可能；該”, 相當(dāng)于相當(dāng)于be expected to。往往。往往指具有一定的客觀根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在指具有一定的客觀

5、根據(jù)或根據(jù)推理對現(xiàn)在某事發(fā)生的某事發(fā)生的“可能性可能性”進行描述，語氣上進行描述，語氣上不如不如must強。強。1. Will Mr Wang offer us a hand? He _ be glad to He never refused our request A can B must C may D should 2. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12： ：00 A can B should C might D need3. Its nearly s

6、even oclock Jack _ be here at any moment A must B need C should D can 解答情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的試題時，一解答情態(tài)動詞表示猜測的試題時，一要清楚被猜測的時間，二要清楚有無要清楚被猜測的時間，二要清楚有無客觀事實根據(jù)。客觀事實根據(jù)。若有客觀事實根據(jù)，若有客觀事實根據(jù)，則無論是肯定還是否定的猜測，猜測則無論是肯定還是否定的猜測，猜測語氣最強且符合時間要求的為最佳答語氣最強且符合時間要求的為最佳答案；案；若無客觀事實根據(jù)，若無客觀事實根據(jù)，純憑主觀臆純憑主觀臆斷則猜測語氣最弱且符合時間要求的斷則猜測語氣最弱且符合時間要求的為最佳答案。

7、為最佳答案。 情態(tài)動詞表示猜測時語氣從強到弱的情態(tài)動詞表示猜測時語氣從強到弱的順序是：順序是：must，should，can，may，could，might。2 情態(tài)動詞表示能力的用法情態(tài)動詞表示能力的用法情態(tài)動詞表示能力時，一般用情態(tài)動詞表示能力時，一般用cancould或或be able to3. can 客觀上能夠；客觀上能夠；be able to 更側(cè)重于更側(cè)重于“克服克服一定困難一定困難”“”“經(jīng)過一定努力經(jīng)過一定努力”“”“有能力有能力”干某干某事事1. be able to用于表示能力并且用于表示能力并且可用于各種時態(tài)可用于各種時態(tài)，而而can只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。

8、只有一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時兩種時態(tài)。2. can常指現(xiàn)在，較常用；如果常指現(xiàn)在，較常用；如果只表示能力時，只表示能力時，兩者都可用。兩者都可用。注意：注意：The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get outA. had to B. would C. could D. was able to I can/am able to swim.We shall be able to finish the work next week.3 情態(tài)動詞表示情態(tài)動詞表示“許可許可”、“允許允許”的的用法用法 can/coul

9、d/may/might過去式過去式could常用于疑問句中，比常用于疑問句中，比can更加委更加委婉，表示禮貌?；卮饡r，常用原形婉，表示禮貌?；卮饡r，常用原形can或者或者may，不可再用過去式不可再用過去式could/might。 Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _A. might B. will C. can D. should Can/May/Could I use your pen?肯定簡略回答：肯定簡略回答： Yes, you can/may. Yes, please.否定簡略回答：否定簡略回答： No, you

10、mustnt. Please dont. No, you may not. 4 其它情態(tài)動詞的用法其它情態(tài)動詞的用法1). shall用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示用于第一、三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。說話人征求對方的意見和向?qū)Ψ秸埵?。Shall we begin our class?（征求意見）（征求意見）2). shall用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令，警告，允諾，決心或威話人給對方的命令，警告，允諾，決心或威脅。脅。You shall go with me. (命令命令)You shall have the bo

11、ok when I finish it. (允諾允諾)He shall be punished. (威脅威脅)When shall Mike be able to leave hospital?(請示請示)3). 用于用于條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章條約，規(guī)定，規(guī)章等文件中，等文件中，表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中。表示一種義務(wù)，多用于第三人稱中?！癟he interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.A. may B. should C.

12、must D. shall4). should= ought to 表示勸告，命令，建表示勸告，命令，建議，意為議，意為“應(yīng)該應(yīng)該”，而，而ought to 語氣更強語氣更強 A: Ill start the work tomorrow. B: I think you should start today. C: No, you ought to start at once. (語氣更強）語氣更強）must / have tomust 必須，必須，側(cè)重說話人的側(cè)重說話人的主觀主觀看法看法have to (有多種時態(tài)）側(cè)重于有多種時態(tài)）側(cè)重于客觀客觀上的需上的需要，含有要，含有“不得不不得不”的

13、意思的意思have got to Must I hand in my exercises now? Yes, you must. (No, you neednt. No, you dont have to.)注意：注意：mustnt 不應(yīng)該，不許，禁止不應(yīng)該，不許，禁止neednt不必不必dont have to1. will表示請求表示請求, 建議等建議等, 不如不如would委婉委婉Will /Would you pass me the book?Will he pay for me?2. will 表示意志表示意志, 愿望愿望, 決心決心 I will never do that aga

14、in.I will give up smoking.used to和和would的區(qū)別的區(qū)別1. 都可以表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣，都可以表示過去重復(fù)的習(xí)慣，used to 含含有有“過去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了過去怎樣而現(xiàn)在卻不這樣了”的意思；的意思；而而would則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，常則單純表示過去的習(xí)慣性動作，常和和often, everyday等連用。等連用。He would take a walk near the forest in the evening. （現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散現(xiàn)在可能散步也可能不散步了）步了）He used to take a walk near the for

15、est in the evening. （而現(xiàn)在不散步了）而現(xiàn)在不散步了）1. She isnt what she used to be. 她跟過去她跟過去不一樣了。不一樣了。（表示對比，不可用（表示對比，不可用would）2. There used to be a park. 以前這里有一以前這里有一個公園。個公園。表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用表示過去的狀態(tài)，只能用used to，不可用，不可用would。used to和和would的區(qū)別的區(qū)別可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：可兼做行為動詞的情態(tài)動詞：need 、 dare 情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞 (+動詞原形動詞原形)行為動詞行為動詞 .needdare

16、1.1.無人稱和數(shù)的變化無人稱和數(shù)的變化; 2.2.尤其用于：尤其用于：* *否定句及疑問句中否定句及疑問句中; ;*在在if/whether之后之后;* *或與或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用連用; 3.常以常以neednt和和darent 的形式出現(xiàn)的形式出現(xiàn);4.dare有其過去時有其過去時dared. 多用于肯定句多用于肯定句; need to do dare to doneed to be done need doing Need I help you? Yes, please.You neednt telephone him now.How dar

17、e you talk to the teacher like that?The girl dare not go out alone at night. We need to tell him the news. You dont need to tell him the news. Do the flowers need watering? I didnt dare to tell you the truth. Would you dare to catch the snake with your hand? The boy dares to do anything he likes. Ho

18、w dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease.Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease.These dishes needed be cleaned care

19、fully.These dishes need to be cleaned carefully.These dishes need cleaning carefully.convenient transport: recommended(被推薦的被推薦的)English-speaking citizens: recommendedinternational airport: necessarytourist attractions: recommendedparks: optional 隨意的隨意的 cleanliness: recommendedsports stadium: necessa

20、rytraining grounds: necessaryhotels: necessaryrestaurants: recommendedoptional recommended necessary(1) must (2) has to (3) must (4) must (5) should (6) ought to(7) could (8) may (9) could(1) can (2) dare (3) can/could (4) may/might/could(5) mustnt/shouldnt/cant (6) mustnt/shouldnt/cant (7) can (8)

21、neednt(1) Shall (2) shall (3) Will (4) will/shall (5) will (6) will/shall (7) shall/will1. 表示對表示對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在或或?qū)韺砬闆r的推測、判斷情況的推測、判斷用用“must + do ”2. 表示對表示對過去過去的情況或的情況或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情事情進行推測、判斷用進行推測、判斷用“must + have +done”3. 表示對表示對現(xiàn)在或過去正在進行現(xiàn)在或過去正在進行情況進行情況進行推測、判斷用推測、判斷用“must + be +doing ”表示推測表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法情態(tài)動詞的重要用法表

22、示推測表示推測情態(tài)動詞的重要用法情態(tài)動詞的重要用法肯定的推測肯定的推測可能的推測可能的推測否定的推測否定的推測疑問的推測疑問的推測must 對將來對將來 對現(xiàn)在對現(xiàn)在 對過去對過去情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞may, mightcould, can cant, couldntcan, could + V. + V. + have done常見常見must be + be doing + V. + V. + have done + be doing +V. + V. + have done + be doing+ V. + V. + have done + be doing1. 那小女孩沒有出門。她現(xiàn)在一定

23、在做那小女孩沒有出門。她現(xiàn)在一定在做家庭作業(yè)。家庭作業(yè)。2. 路上是濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。路上是濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。3. 我剛剛拜訪過他。他現(xiàn)在一定呆在家我剛剛拜訪過他。他現(xiàn)在一定呆在家里。里。4. 你為什么沒有接電話？你為什么沒有接電話？ 我當(dāng)時一定是在睡覺所以沒聽見。我當(dāng)時一定是在睡覺所以沒聽見。5. 那男孩想必已經(jīng)完成了他的家庭作業(yè)那男孩想必已經(jīng)完成了他的家庭作業(yè)了。了。 1. The girl is not out. She must be doing her homework now.2. The road is wet. It must have rained last nigh

24、t.3. I have just dropped in on him. He must stay at home.4. Why didnt you answer my phone call? Well, I must be sleeping, so I didnt hear it.5. The boy must have finished his homework.1. Jenny must have won the match, _? A. hasnt she B. doesnt she C. mustnt she D. cant she 2. The river is rising. It

25、 _last night.A.must be raining B. must rain C. might have rained D. must have rained3. Why! I couldnt get you on the phone this morning.We _tennis in the yard when you phoned.A.must be playing B. could be playing C. must have played D. must have been playing4. You must have seen the film last night,

26、 _ you?A. havent B. mustnt C. didnt D. hadnt5. Mr. Zhou must be working in the office, _ he?A. mustnt B. cant C. doesnt D. isnt6. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It _ a comfortable journey.A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have b

27、een1. “should ought to 完成式完成式” 表示表示 “本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實際上并沒有做本應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事，而實際上并沒有做”；“shouldnt oughtnt to完成式完成式”表表示示 “本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實際上卻做了本來不應(yīng)當(dāng)做，而實際上卻做了”。2. “maymight 完成式完成式” 表示表示 “本來本來可以干某事卻沒有干可以干某事卻沒有干”，突出其可能性；，突出其可能性；而而“could 完成式完成式” 表示表示“本來能夠做某本來能夠做某事，但實際上卻沒有做事，但實際上卻沒有做”。3. “neednt 完成式完成式” 表示表示 “本來沒必本來沒必要做某事，實際上卻做了要做

28、某事，實際上卻做了 情態(tài)動詞在情態(tài)動詞在虛擬語氣虛擬語氣中的用法中的用法 1) It around nine oclock when I drove back home because it was already dark. A. must beB. must have been C. cant be D. should have been 2) Johns score on the test is the highest in the class; _A. he should study last night B. he should have studied last nightC. h

29、e must have studied last night D. he must had to study last night 3) You yesterday if you were really serious about your work.A. ought to come B. ought to be comingC. ought to have come D. ought have come 4) “We didnt see him at the lecture yesterday.” “He it.” A.mustnt attendedB. couldnt have atten

30、dedC. would have not attendedD. neednt have attended 5) You _ all these parcels yourself. The shop would have delivered them if you had asked a shop assistant. A. didnt need to carry B. neednt have carried C. neednt carry D. didnt need carry 6) Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show

31、up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving7) Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. You _ her last week. A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told1. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it

32、is now heavily polluted. （2007 全國卷全國卷I）A. will B. would C. should D. must 2. Guess what! I have got A for my term paper. Great! You _ read widely and put a lot of work into it. （2007 上海卷）上海卷）A.must B. shouldC. must have D. should have3. The teacher _ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldnt

33、have wasted time on him, I suppose. （2007 安徽卷）安徽卷） A. should B. can C. would D. must4. In crowded places like airports and railway stations, you_ take care of your luggage. （2007 北京卷）北京卷） A. can B. may C. must D. will5. My MP4 player isnt in my bag. Where _ I have put it? （2007 福建卷）福建卷） A. can B. mu

34、st C. should D. would6. The biggest problem for most plants, which _ just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them. （2007 湖南卷）湖南卷）A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt 7. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. （2007 江蘇卷）江蘇卷） I guess so. Its not difficult after

35、all.A. should B. could C. must D. might8. Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. You _ it in the wrong place. （2007 江西卷）江西卷） A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put9. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area . （2007 陜西卷）陜西卷）

36、A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to repair10. I told your friend how to get to the hotel, but perhaps I have driven her there. （2007 陜西卷）陜西卷）A. could B. must C. night D. should11. I think Ill give Bob a ring. You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages.（2006江蘇）江蘇

37、）A. will B. may C. have to D. should12. Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _work at inconvenient hours.（2006湖南）湖南）A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must13. We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten

38、 years.（2006天津）天津）A. neednt B. may not C. shouldnt D. mustnt14. Is Jack on duty today? It _ be him. Its his turn tomorrow.（2006四川）四川） A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt15. If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.（2006福建）福建）A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might

39、 not 16. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.（2006陜西）陜西）A. neednt B. maynt C. cant D. mustnt17. Theres no light on they_ be at home.（2006全國全國I）A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt18. May I smoke here ? If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.（2006山東）山東）A. should B. c

40、ould C. may D. must19. Must he come to sign this paper himself? Yes, he _. (2006 廣東廣東 )A. need B. must C. may D. will Have a try!1. Is John coming by train? He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. (2002全國）全國） A. must B. can C. need D. may2. It has been announced that candidates (候選人候選人) _

41、 remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. (2002上海上海） A. can B. will C. may D. shall3. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter. (2002北京北京） It _ true because there was little snow there. A. may not be B. wont be C. couldnt be D. mustnt be4. I thought you _ like som

42、ething to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. would D. must 5. A computer _ think for itself; it must be told what to do.A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not6. They will _ run this machine on their own in three months.A. can B. could C. may D. be able to7. That big cinem

43、a _ seat 2,000 people.A. can B. should C. ought to D. is able to8. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should9. Might I watch TV after supper? Yes, you _. A. may B. must C. might D. can10. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you l

44、ike. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not11. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself. A. wont; cant B. mustnt; may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt12. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I cant C. I neednt D. I wont13. May I pick a flower in the garden? _. A. No, you neednt B. Not, pl