1、successf ully com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechanicalarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamount of "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Diffe

2、rence isthatt herobotbega ndManipulatori snow useda sa industria lrobots in use,the controlobje ctives often appearoften i n industrial automati on. Industrial automati on technology has graduallymature d, asmat urea technologyli nehas be en ra pid development i nindustrial automat ionas aseparatesu

3、bject.Ma nipulatorappli cation bega n to filterint owelding,l ogistics,mechani cal processi ng,a nd ot her i ndustries.E specially at high orvery low tem peratures,fullofpoisonous gases,highradiati on case, robot in similarcir cumstances showed great use a lso bring s greatconveni encetothe staff.Pr

4、eciselybe causeofthis robotto getpeople's attention begant o be a high degree ofdevel opment.La borrates, working conditi ons, laborinte nsivea spects of promoti ng devel opme nt.Both at homea nda broa d to develop the PLC(programmable l ogic controller) isi n various specialcircumstances a nd u

5、nderspe cial conditions setformechani caldevi ces.Nowtur ned on thedevel opme nt ofthemi croele ctronics automati ccontroltechnology a nd t herapi ddevel opmentofthe trains,the successof PLC hardware softwareandsimulation control win big andsucce ssful development, nowconti nues todevelop as afactor

6、yautomation standards.Because robots areg ood devel opme ntofthetechnologymakesa goodoptimizati onofproductive ca pital,and robotshowsthis uni quea dvantages, suchas: has g ood com patibi lity,wi deavaila bility, hardwar eis complete,a nd programming that can bemastered ina shorttime,soi n the conte

7、xt ofindustrial PLCapplications became ubiquitous. Ma nipulator i nmanydevel opedcountry agriculturea ndi ndustryhas been applied, suchas t heuse ofmechani cal harve sting large areas offarmland,repeated operationsonthe high -speed l inethatuse s a robotic arm, a nd so on.Toda y, the high level ofau

8、tomation combi ned wit h restricti ons on t hemani pulator devel opment leveli sslightlylow ertha n theinter national.T hede sign ismai nlyarmweldi ng machine byPLCAut omation control. T hisofdesign let desig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'top

9、port unitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin some leadinglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hopedesig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr ocee ds ofex perience 1.2 manipulator in bot h at home and abroa d ofresear ch pr ofile aut omationme chanicalarm r

10、ese arch began Yu 20th cent urymedium -term,afteryearswithwithcom puterand aut omationte chnol ogy ofdevel opme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrand stage ofind ustrialaut omationa ndshine, graduallybe cameani ndustrialevaluati on sta ndar ds,a nd its im portance canbesee n.Noworigi nalroboti carmspe n

11、tmostofmass producti on and use onthe production line, whi chis programmedroboti carm.As thefirstgeneration ofmanipulatorpositioncontrolsystemsmainfeatures, although not back severalgenerati onst hatca n dete ct theexternale nvironment,butca nstill我校編寫的小學(xué)數(shù)學(xué)四年級(jí)上冊(cè)導(dǎo)學(xué)案是根據(jù)北師大版教教材內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編寫，僅供廣大老師教學(xué)參考之用。參加本導(dǎo)學(xué)

12、案編寫的是我校數(shù)學(xué)教研組全體教師，各章節(jié)的執(zhí)筆人分別是：劉玉龍(第一單元認(rèn)識(shí)更大的數(shù))董金勇(第二單元線與角)丁彥平(第三單元乘法)袁明霞(第四單元圖形的變換)張瑛(第五單元除法)張雄(第六單元方向與位置)孟繁河(第七單元生活中的負(fù)數(shù))黃勝平(第八單元統(tǒng)計(jì))姚澤照(總復(fù)習(xí))由姚澤照老師初次審定，再由張祥老師最終審定，最后由賈世榮老師整理排版。我們?cè)趥湔n時(shí)圍繞“三要素五環(huán)節(jié)”進(jìn)行備課，盡可能給學(xué)生自主的空間與時(shí)間，促進(jìn)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，快樂(lè)成長(zhǎng)，由于我們的水平有限，導(dǎo)學(xué)案中不當(dāng)之處在所難免，敬希各位老師批評(píng)指正！2013 年 8 月manipulat or controlm odea nd prog

13、rammabl econtroller s introduction2.1 S elect discus sionwith ma nipulator contr ol2.1.1 cl assificati on of controlrelays and discrete ele ctronic circuit can control oldi ndustriale qui pment, butalso more common.Ma inlythesetw orelativelychea p andyou ca nmeetthe ol d-fashioned, simple (or simple

14、) i ndustrialequipme nt.So he canseethem now, howevert hese tw o contr ol mode s (relayand discrete electronic circuits) are these fatalflaws: (1) cannot adapt to t he complex l ogic control,(2)onlyforthecurrent project,t helack ofcom patibilityand (3) not reforming thesy stem withe qui pment impr o

15、vements.S pring for t he developmentof China's modern industriala utomation technologythe substantialincreasei n the levelofindustrialautomation, com pleted t he perfect relayofthecom putertoo much.Interms ofcontrollingt he computershowedhis tw o greatadvantage s:(1)each ofthe hardw areca nbe in

16、stalle d on one ormore micr oprocessors;(2)theofficialdesig nerofthe software writing content controlis allabout.Nowinseveral waysin thecontextof industrialautomationca noften be se eninthreeways:(1) Programmable LogicalController(referredto asIPC); (2) Distri bute d ControlSystem (DCS forshort), an

17、d(3)the ProgrammableLogicalController(PLC for short).2.1.2PLC andt heIPCand DCS contrastcontrast 1,ea ch ofthethree technologies oforigi nsand development requirementsforfastdataprocessing makes itinvented thecom puter.The me n brought i n terms of hardwarethere,usi ng a hig h levelofstandardi zatio

18、n,ca n use m orecompatibilityt ool s, isa ri ch softwareresources, especially the ne edforimmedia cy in operationalsystems.Sothecomputer can effectively controlis used to controland meet itsspee d,onthe virtua l model ,real-time a nd i n computationalre quireme nts. Distri buted systemstartedwitha c

19、ontr olsystem for industrial a utomatic i nstrume nt use d to contr ol,whereas nowitis successfully deve loped int oindustrialcontrol computeruse dasa centralcolle ction a nd distri butionsystem andtransition ofdistributed contr olsystem in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, loopcontrol, has beg un t o reflectt

20、he useofa huge advantage.Thoug h distri bute d system has greatadvantages in l oop regulati on, butonlyas a means ofcontinuous process contr ol.Optimization of PLCis thecorre sponding relaynee ds wa sbor n,itsmain use i n thew orkordercontrol, earlyprimaryis repla ced relaythishulkingsystem,focused

21、ontheswitchco ntrolling the runni ng orderoffuncti ons.Marked by themicr oprocessori n theearly1970 of the20thcent ury emerged,micr o-electronics technol ogyha sdevel ope d rapi dly, people soon microel ectronicsprocessingtechnologywillbe used i nthe Programmable LogicalController(that issuccessf ul

22、ly com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechanicalarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamount of "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Difference istha

23、tt herobotbeg nd科目數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)班級(jí)四年級(jí)教材名稱及冊(cè)數(shù)義務(wù)教育課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)教科書四年級(jí)上冊(cè)上課日期2013.8. 26每周節(jié)數(shù)5總授課節(jié)數(shù)100周次時(shí) 間教學(xué) 內(nèi)容教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)18. 26-8 . 30一、認(rèn)識(shí)更大的數(shù)529. 29. 6一、認(rèn)識(shí)更大的數(shù)539. 9 9. 13二、線與角549. 169. 20二、線與角559.23 9.27三、乘法569.30 10.4國(guó)慶放假5710.7 10.11三、乘法5810.14 10.18三、乘法5910.21 -10.25四、圖形的變換51010.2811.1考前復(fù)習(xí)51111.411.8期中考試1211.11 11.15H小除法51

24、311.18 11.22H小除法51411.25 11.29小除法51512.2 12.6六、方向與位置51612.9 12.13六、方向與位置七、生活中的負(fù)數(shù)51712.16 12.20七、生活中的負(fù)數(shù)整理與復(fù)習(xí)51812.23 12.27八、統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)告訴我們51912.30 2014.1.3總復(fù)習(xí)5201.6 1.10期末考試a-mm-cntol -cion 2.1 C di-Son- aiu-or cntol2” -if-tion of sand disc. Croni c C in_ . ntbu re ad you ca m- bdu-a- thmno、ho, t addi sc C

25、ronC cicUt s) - t - " f (< no"- IgC cntol 2 on.- C, the a . of cmp.i bi. ad (3) not rfmig the sy - m . .a auomai ncra- i " l of-sral autmaton, cmpee d f p» tomuC.".ms of cmpuUeSo- dhs g - ta-a nl-es(1 ad b-S a. -or* 2 teofc, dsig -a- - g cn-nt al a bou.Nwi -a- be s-n i tr

26、r- -s：(< Pog-mab-Logo Contol, - dto - PC) 2 1iu-Co.and 3)th. Pog-mabl.Lo. ca Contol- PLCPLCPCad DS contrascontras , Cnolo” r. ngms Th-m-br ought i a - t- usngahgl .- ofsad-on, can us cmp. bi. toos, s a ri csa.r-sur- s -s-C- t h-nn- oth. cm." -n-l-Cicntr olsuu-dto iss-d,on th. Vitua moo-atm.

27、ad i n cmputai onar.q.-m. nts. D_r iut. d sa .a.omaCinsum-t-h-snow ss.yd - 0. itinusral cntrl cm." u- d as a c-ntal cl.cin a nd dstibuin. - m ad t_1ion .f dstiu.d ian.g- ha nd us .nag. loug h dstibu. d . - m hhs grat . - a m_ns of cntih. cr- sondngr n.- - u_ i nt.-orkd- cntol -a.p.ma. s r-acntr

28、l offuuJ ons. (a- oproo-ss 9. of t. .tc-I. mic o -.ctonis -Cnol o" has d.,12atidesig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'topportboing. aInnddussutrcicaelsasutfoulmdaetvielopmoenntt,encohnwologyhacsognrtiaduanlluyemsattoudreevelopasd,aafascmtoa

29、rtyaureateuctohmnoaltioognyslitandards.nBeehcaasbe enrauspeidrodboetvselaorpemgenotiodndeinvdelustroiaplmenatutoofmthaetitoencahsnologyasmeapkaersataegsubject.Maoodoptinmiipzualtiatorappolinofprocdauticotnivbeecgaanpittaol,fialtnerd irnotbotoswheolwdisntg,lunitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin so

30、m e leadi nglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hopedesig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr oceeds ofexperience 1.2 manipulator in both at home andbegan Yu 20th cent urymedium-term,afteryearswithwitbringopme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrandndshine, gra

31、duallybecameani ndustrialevaluatin. Noworigi nalroboti carmspe ntmostofmass production and use onthe production line,四年級(jí)上冊(cè)教材分析及教學(xué)目標(biāo)一、教材編寫意圖。在數(shù)與計(jì)算方面, 安排了大數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)，三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)，除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法。 在小學(xué)階段，本學(xué)期結(jié)束后，有關(guān)正整數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)和計(jì)算的內(nèi)容將全部教學(xué)完。這些知識(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)，一方面使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)用較大的數(shù)進(jìn)行表達(dá)和交流，掌握較大數(shù)范圍內(nèi)的計(jì)算技能，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展數(shù)感；另一方面通過(guò)十進(jìn)制計(jì)數(shù)法的學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)有關(guān)數(shù)概念的各方面知識(shí)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的整理和融會(huì)

32、貫通，為學(xué)生形成科學(xué)、合理的數(shù)學(xué)認(rèn)知結(jié)構(gòu)奠定基礎(chǔ)；并為進(jìn)一步系統(tǒng)學(xué)習(xí)小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)及小數(shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)的四則運(yùn)算做好鋪墊。在空間與圖形方面，這一冊(cè)教材安排了角的度量、平行四邊形和梯形兩個(gè)單元， 這些都是本冊(cè)的重點(diǎn)教學(xué)內(nèi)容。在已有知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)豐富的數(shù)學(xué)活動(dòng)，讓學(xué)生進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)直線、線段、射線、角、垂線、平行線、平行四邊形和梯形， 學(xué)會(huì)一些簡(jiǎn)單的作圖方法；同時(shí)獲得探究學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)歷，體會(huì)各種圖形的特征及圖形之間的關(guān)系，促進(jìn)學(xué)生空間觀念的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。在統(tǒng)計(jì)知識(shí)方面，本冊(cè)教材安排了復(fù)式條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖。教材介紹了縱向和橫向兩種不同形式的復(fù)式條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖，讓學(xué)生利用已有的知識(shí)，學(xué)會(huì)看懂這兩種統(tǒng)計(jì)圖并學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析，

33、進(jìn)一步體會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的作用，形成統(tǒng)計(jì)的觀念。在用數(shù)學(xué)解決問(wèn)題方面，教材一方面結(jié)合乘法和除法兩個(gè)單元，教學(xué)用所學(xué)的乘、除法計(jì)算知識(shí)解決生活中的簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題；另一方面，安排了“數(shù)學(xué)廣角”的教學(xué)內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察、猜測(cè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)、推理等活動(dòng)，初步體會(huì)的運(yùn)籌的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法，感受數(shù)學(xué)的魅力。同時(shí)讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用優(yōu)化的思想方法解決一些簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、分析及推理的能力，培養(yǎng)他們探索數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的興趣和發(fā)現(xiàn)、欣賞數(shù)學(xué)美的意識(shí)。二、各部分之間的銜接關(guān)系。1大數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)：是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了萬(wàn)以內(nèi)數(shù)的讀寫的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的。內(nèi)容包括認(rèn)識(shí)比萬(wàn)大的計(jì)數(shù)單位和十進(jìn)制計(jì)數(shù)法，多位數(shù)的讀法和寫法，把整萬(wàn)、整億數(shù)改寫成用萬(wàn)

34、、億做單位的數(shù)以及用四舍五入法取一個(gè)數(shù)的近似數(shù)。manipulat or controlmodeand pr ogrammable controll ers introduction 2.1 Select di scussi onwit hmanipulator contr ol2.1.1 cla ssification ofcontrolrelaysand discreteele ctroni ccir cuit ca ncontrol old i ndustrialequipme nt, butalso mor ecommon.Mai nlythe setwo relatively che

35、a p andyou canmee t theold -fashione d,simpl e (orsimple) industrial equi pment.S o he can see them now, however these twocontrol modes (relayand di screteele ctronic circuit s)are these fatalflaws: (1) cannot adaptto the compl exlogic contr ol,(2)only forthecurre nt proje ct,the la ckofcompati bili

36、ty and(3) notreforming thesystem withequi pm entimproveme nts.S pringforthe developmentofChina' smoder n industri alautomati ontechnology thesubstantialincrea se in the levelofindustrialautomation,complete dthe perfectrelayofthe computertoo much.Intermsofcontroll ingthe computershowe d his twogr

37、eat adva ntages:(1)each ofthehardware canbeinstalle d on one ormoremicropr ocessors; (2)theofficialdesig nerofthe software writing contentcontrol isalla bout.Nowin severalways int hecontextof industrialautomationca noften be seen in threeway s: (1) Programmable LogicalController(referredtoas IPC);(2

38、)DistributedControlSystem(DCS forshort),and (3)the Programmabl e Logi calContr oller(PLC forshort).2.1.2PLCandt he IPC and DCScontrast contrast1, eachofthe threetechnol ogies oforiginsa nd development re quirement sforfastdataprocessing makes it invente d thecomputer.T hemen br oughtin termsof har d

39、warethere, usi ng ahighl evelofstandardizati on, can usemore compati bility tools,is ari ch softwareresource s,especially t he nee d for immediacyi n operationalsystems.S othe computercaneffectivelycontr olisusedto control andmeetitsspeed,on thevirtualmodel, real -timeand i n computati onal re quire

40、me nts.Distr ibute d systemstartedwit h a contr olsystem for industrialautomatic instrumentusedto control,w hereas now iti ssucce ssfullydeveloped intindustrialcontrol computeruse dasa centralcolle ction a nd distri butionsystem andtransition ofdistributed contr olsystem in a nalog ue ha ndli ng, lo

41、opcontrol, has beg un t o reflectthe useofa huge advantage.Thoug h distri bute d system has greatadvantages in l oop regulati on, butonlyas a means ofconticorre sponding relaynee ds wa sbor n,itsmain use i n thew orkordercontrol, earlyprimaryis replacontrolli ng the runni ng orderoffuncti ons.Marked

42、 by themicr oprocessori n theearly1970 of the20thcent ury emerged,micr o-electronics technol ogyha sdevel ope d rapi dly,illbe used inthe Programmable LogicalController(that is 5successf ully com plete likewel ding, painti ng,del iveryas wellas for materialssimplemoveme nts.Se condgeneration mechani

43、calarms are equippedwit hsensors a nd ma nipulatorshav e theenvir onme ntthere isa certainamountof "sense", w henthe mechani cal arm istousetheprogram as aba sis.Difference isthatt herobotbeg ndatidesig nerson in school bylearn ofhasa mustofconsolidation, understandhas someusually didn'

44、;topportboing. aInnddussutrcicaelsasutfoulmdaetvielopmoenntt,encohnwologyhacsognrtiaduanlluyemsattoudreevelopasd,aafascmtoartyaureateuctohmnoaltioognyslitandards.nBeehcaasbe enrauspeidrodboetvselaorpemgent i oodndeinvdelustroiaplmenatutoofmthaetitoencahsnologyasmeapkaersataegsubject.Maoodoptinmiipzu

45、altiatorappolinofprocdauticotnivbeecgaanpittaol,fialtnerd irnotbotoswheolwdisntg,lunitie sawarene ss i nworl d rangewithin some leadinglevel ofknowle dge has hasmustawarene ss,hope desig ners cani nyihouof designi nthe cansuccessofusi ng inthis de sign i n thepr oceeds ofexperience 1.2 manipulator i

46、n both at home andbegan Yu 20th cent urymedium-term,afteryearswithwitbringopme nt, Makesme chanicalarmontheGrandcarm.As thefirstgeneratioon and use onthe production line,n. Noworigi nalroboti carmspe ntmostofmass productiwhi chis programmedrobotihis2角的度量：經(jīng)過(guò)第一學(xué)段的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生對(duì)角已有了一定的基礎(chǔ)，比如，知道如何利用三角板上的直角辨認(rèn)直角、銳

47、角和鈍角，知道了角的大小與兩邊張開(kāi)的程度有關(guān)。本單元是在學(xué)生已有知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過(guò)豐富的教學(xué)活動(dòng)，使學(xué)生進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識(shí)直線、線段、 射線和角并形成畫角和量角的技能，初步培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的作圖能力，同時(shí)讓學(xué)生經(jīng)歷和體驗(yàn)知識(shí)的形成過(guò)程。3三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)：關(guān)于整數(shù)乘法的學(xué)習(xí)本學(xué)期以進(jìn)入了尾聲。即本單元的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容是義務(wù)教育階段整數(shù)乘法的最后一個(gè)知識(shí)塊。它是在學(xué)生掌握了兩位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的計(jì)算方法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行教學(xué)的。本單元主要內(nèi)容有：口算乘法筆算乘法，常見(jiàn)數(shù)量關(guān)系速度、時(shí)間和路程之間的關(guān)系，以及乘法的估算。4平行四邊形和梯形：本單元是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了角的度量的基礎(chǔ)上教學(xué)的。學(xué)生在前面已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了有關(guān)四邊形的知識(shí)，對(duì)平行

48、四邊形也有了初步的認(rèn)識(shí)，這里著重給出的是平行四邊形的特征以及與正方形、長(zhǎng)方形的關(guān)系。梯形在這里是第一次正式出現(xiàn)，教材除教學(xué)梯形的特征外，還注意說(shuō)明它與平行四邊形的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。5除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法：是小學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)整數(shù)除法的最后階段，它是在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)了多位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)、除數(shù)是一位數(shù)的除法的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的。6 統(tǒng)計(jì)：學(xué)生在第一學(xué)段已經(jīng)初步體驗(yàn)了數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、描繪和分析的過(guò)程， 會(huì)用簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表表示統(tǒng)計(jì)的結(jié)果，能夠根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)圖表提出一些簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題， 初步經(jīng)歷了用統(tǒng)計(jì)的方法解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程，了解了統(tǒng)計(jì)在生活中的作用和意義，并初步建立了統(tǒng)計(jì)觀念。7 數(shù)學(xué)廣角：本單元內(nèi)容是新增加的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生通過(guò)觀察、猜測(cè)、實(shí)

49、驗(yàn)、推理等活動(dòng)，初步體會(huì)的運(yùn)籌的數(shù)學(xué)思想方法，感受數(shù)學(xué)的魅力。同時(shí)讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用優(yōu)化的思想方法解決一些簡(jiǎn)單的實(shí)際問(wèn)題，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生觀察、分析及推理的能力，培養(yǎng)他們探索數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的興趣和發(fā)現(xiàn)、欣賞數(shù)學(xué)美的意識(shí)。三、教材教學(xué)內(nèi)容、全冊(cè)教材的重難點(diǎn)本冊(cè)教材包括下面一些內(nèi)容：大數(shù)的認(rèn)識(shí)，三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)，除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法，角的度量，平行四邊形和梯形的認(rèn)識(shí)，復(fù)式條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖，數(shù)學(xué)廣角和數(shù)manipulat or controlmodeand pr ogrammable controll ers introduction 2.1 Select di scussi onwit hmanipulator contr

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56、lydeveloped int o 學(xué)實(shí)踐活動(dòng)等。四、教材教學(xué)目標(biāo)。1認(rèn)識(shí)計(jì)數(shù)單位“十萬(wàn)” “百萬(wàn)” “千萬(wàn)” “億” “十億” “百億” “千億” ，認(rèn)識(shí)自然數(shù)，掌握十進(jìn)制計(jì)數(shù)法，會(huì)根據(jù)數(shù)級(jí)讀、寫億以內(nèi)和億以上的數(shù)，會(huì)根據(jù)要求用 “四舍五入”法來(lái)求一個(gè)數(shù)的近似數(shù)。體會(huì)和感受大數(shù)在日常生活中的應(yīng)用，進(jìn)一步發(fā)展數(shù)感。2 會(huì)筆算三位數(shù)乘兩位數(shù)的乘法、除數(shù)是兩位數(shù)的除法，會(huì)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的乘、除法估算和驗(yàn)算。3 會(huì)口算兩位數(shù)乘一位數(shù)和幾百幾十乘一位數(shù)，整十?dāng)?shù)除整十?dāng)?shù)、整十?dāng)?shù)除幾百幾十?dāng)?shù)。4認(rèn)識(shí)直線、射線和線段，知道它們的區(qū)別；認(rèn)識(shí)常見(jiàn)的幾種角，會(huì)比較角的大小，會(huì)用量角器量出角的度數(shù)，能按指定度數(shù)畫角。5認(rèn)識(shí)垂線、平行線，會(huì)用直尺、三角板畫垂線和平行線；掌握平行四邊形和梯形的特征。6結(jié)合生活情境和探索活動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)圖形的有關(guān)知識(shí)，發(fā)展空間觀念。7了解不同形式的條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖，學(xué)會(huì)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)據(jù)分析，進(jìn)一步體會(huì)統(tǒng)計(jì)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的作用。8經(jīng)歷從實(shí)際生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、提出問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的過(guò)程，體會(huì)數(shù)學(xué)在日常生活中的作用，初步形成綜合運(yùn)用數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)解決問(wèn)題的能力。9 初步了解運(yùn)籌的思想，形成從生活中發(fā)現(xiàn)數(shù)學(xué)問(wèn)題的意識(shí)，初步形成觀察、分析及推理的能力。10 體會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的樂(lè)趣，提高學(xué)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)的興趣，建立學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)的信心，養(yǎng)成認(rèn)真作業(yè)、書寫整潔的良好習(xí)慣。五、本班學(xué)生情況：全班有 58 名學(xué)生，男29