1、牛津譯林八年級下冊 8BUnit5知識梳理牛津譯林八年級下冊8BUnit5知識梳理知識點一 Comic-Reading部分單詞短語講解【知識梳理】1: Second, don cut in on others. (P64)第二，不要打斷其他人。cut in (on sb./sth.)打斷(談話),插嘴，如：She always cuts in when other people are talking.【知識拓展】cut down砍倒；減少，削減cut of切斷，割斷，剪斷cut out切去,切除；剪下例如：If you cut down all the trees you will ruin

2、 the land.I have decided to cut down my smoking.She cut off a small piece of bread and gave it to me.I cut this article out of the newspaper.【拓展】n.傷口，劃口如： Using sharp scissors make a small cut in the material.2： Always wait politely. (P64) 總是禮貌地等候。polite adj.有禮貌的impolite adj.沒有禮貌的politely adv.沒有禮貌地b

3、e polite to sb.對一 有禮貌 be rude to sb.對一 粗魯如： We should be polite to old people.3: leave the tap running (P65) 水龍頭一直在流leave vt.使處于某種狀態(tài)，the tap做賓語，現(xiàn)在分詞 running是賓語補足語。"leave sth. 賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)中，可用形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞等作賓語補足語?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，如： What he said left me thinking deeply.形容詞作賓語補足語，如： His illness left him

4、 weak.(2)離開;脫離 leave for 離開前往如：I' ll leave Nanjing for Beijing tomorrow.(3)遺忘；丟下 leave sth.+地點 如：I left the book at home.注意：forget sth.表示忘記某物，不強調(diào)地點，但在leave sth.+地點”結(jié)構(gòu)中強調(diào)地點。如：Sorry, I forgot my English book. I left it at home.【拓展】過去分詞作賓語補足語，如：The moving story left him unmoved.副詞作賓語補足語，如：What has

5、left him away for so long?介詞作賓語補足語，如：This matter left her without a way of hope.4： queue for your turn(P65) 排隊等待(1) queue v.意為 排隊等候“如:We should queue up at the ticket office.n.意為 隊伍"。短語in a queue意為 成一排(隊、行列)"，和in line意思相近;jump the queue 意為 插隊”。如： Why did you jump the queue just now?(2 )tur

6、nn.順序，輪流It's one's turn to do sth.輪到某人做某事，如：It's your turn to make a decision.take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns 輪流做某事，如：The nurses took turns to attend the patient. =The nurses lookedafter the patient in turn / by turns.vt.旋轉(zhuǎn)turn down關(guān)小 turn up開大/出現(xiàn) turn

7、on打開 turn off關(guān)(水源、 煤氣、電燈等)turn in 上交 turn . into (使)成為linking-V.變得turn green / yellow 變綠 /黃了5: I ' mfraid not.(P65)我恐怕不是。(1) I' m afraidt為 恐怕”，主要用于禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事。如：I ' m afraid I can ' t stay.I ' m afrai之后可接so或not,表示前面所提到的情況：表肯定時用so;表否定時用not。如：-Will he come today?-1 ' m

8、afraid so (not).此用法還有 I think so./ I don inktsth. I hope so./I hope not.(2)表示 害怕做某事”或 不敢做某事"，be afraid之后可接不定式，也可接 of doing sth。如：She was afraid to tell (of telling) you.她害怕告訴你。She is afraid to go (of going) out alone late at night.【拓展】但若要表示擔心可能會發(fā)生某事，則只能用be afraid of doing 而不能用be afraid to do 。如

9、:She is afraid of falling behind the others.She didn ' t tell him because she was afraid of making him worried.6: Always keep the library clean.(P65)讓圖書館總是保持清潔。keep vt.意為 使處于某種狀態(tài)；保持”，常用于keep+賓語+賓語補足語。(1) keep+賓語+形容詞/副詞。如：Keep the door open.Keep the lights on.(2)keep+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞。如：Don' keep your

10、mother waiting.(3)keep+賓語+介詞短語。如：They must keep their hands behind their backs.linking-V.后常接形容詞作表語，意為 保持；繼續(xù)(處于某種狀態(tài))”。如：You must look after yourself and keep healthy.7: We should put them back after reading.(P65)我們應該在讀完書后把它們放回去。afterprep.后接名詞、代詞或動名詞He ran after the bus.追趕I like going for a walk after

11、 having dinner.conj.后接句子I saw them after I arrived.后來【拓展】before的用法與after相同。Before watching TV, I have finished homework.Before I could get there , the film has been on for ten minutes.8: What' she proper way to greet people there, Jenny? (P66) 簡妮，問候那里的人合適的方(1)動詞不定式 to greet people there作后置定語，修飾

12、the proper way。如： I have a lot of homework to do.(2)the way to do sth. /of doing sth.做某事的方式或方法,如:It ' s the best way of studying / to study English.There are different ways to do / of doing it.【知識拓展】in a way在一定程度上，從某方面說on the way 在路上by the way順便說，順便問in the way有時也可說成in sb's way擋路，礙事(3)greet s

13、b歡迎某人greet sb. with sth.用問候某人greetings名詞，問候9: British people say “hello " or"nice to meehake your 'haianwhen they meetyou for the first time.(P66)英國人在他們第一次遇見你時說你好”或 很高興認識你”并和你握手。shake過去式shook；過去分詞 shaken；現(xiàn)在分詞 shaking常用短語：shake one ' s hands某人的手；shake hands with sb與某人握手wave one '

14、; s han人的手； wave to sb.向某人揮手(2) hand vt.常用短語：hand in上交，交上去(給老師或上級)hand out散發(fā)，分發(fā)hand sb sth / hand sth to sb把某物遞給某人10: British people only greet relatives or close friends with a kiss.(P66)英國人只用親吻來問候親戚或親密的朋友。closevt/vi.關(guān)閉；蓋上；合上，反義詞為 open。如：She closed the door softly.adj.近的，接近的(+to)。如：His house is clo

15、se to the factory.(關(guān)系)密切的，親密的。如：She is a close friend of theirs.adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：They live close to the museum.緊密地，緊緊地。如：Anna followed close behind.【拓展】closed adj.關(guān)閉的， 反義詞為 open。如： He likes sleeping with the window closed.11: But please avoid subjects like age, weight, music, books or something els

16、e. (P66)但是請避免像年齡、體重、音樂、書籍或是其他的話題。avoid vt.后接名詞或動名詞做賓語，意為避免做某事。如：We should do everything carefully to avoid making mistakes .12： Do people there behave politely in public?(P66)那里的人會在公共場合舉止文明嗎？behave vt/vi.表現(xiàn) 名詞形式 behavior表現(xiàn)；行為，舉止(2)public n.民眾,群體；adj.公共的,公開的。如：The public like watching films like this

17、.Please pay more attention to the public signs when walking in the street.in public公開地，在別人面前。如：Don' t speak loudly in public.13: They think itrijdesto push in before others.(P66) 他們認為在其他人面前插話是很粗魯?shù)摹?1)rude adj.粗魯?shù)?；名詞 rudeness;反義詞 polite常用短語：be rude to對粗魯，如：We shouldn ' t be rude to anyone.(2)

18、push v.推，反義詞為 pull, v.拉常用短語：push in,插隊，加塞；插嘴 push on繼續(xù)前進pull up拔，拔起14： Also, if they bump into someone in the street, they' ll sayWorry 表4果僧67)在街上裝上某人，他們會說對不起bump into 撞上，碰上【知識拓展】fall into落入，陷入 run into撞上，碰上break into破門而入，非法進入turn所舒巴變成15: They ' ll say “ excuse me " and be polite enough

19、 槌lwait move. (P67)他們將會說打擾”并很禮貌地等你直到你移動為止。在肯定句中，till 一般可以與until互換，但在否定句中一般用until,構(gòu)成not until 的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為直到才”如：She will wait here till/until 10.Tom didn ' t go to bed until his mother came back.注意：主句為一般將來時，till/until引導的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如：The bus will not go till/until all the people get on it.【拓展】until用于

20、肯定句作直到為止”解時，主句的動詞一般是延續(xù)到till/until所表示的時間為止。如：He waits till/until the children are asleep.用于否定句作在以前"、直到才”解時，主句的動詞一般是非延續(xù)性的，它所表示的動作直到until所表示的時間才發(fā)生。如：He didn't come until late in the morning.16: British people are very polite at home as well , aren ' t they?(P67)1|人在家也很禮貌， 不是嗎？too; also; ei

21、ther; as well; as well as 辨析(1) too是個常用詞，多用于口語，語氣較隨便。一般用在肯定句中，放在句末。如：I'm in Row 1 , too.(2) also是比較正式的用語，語氣較莊重。它經(jīng)常放在句中，位于行為動詞之前；位于系 動詞，助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。如：Mrs. Green can also sing the song in Chinese .They also have fish shops in that small town .(3) either表示 也”時一般只用于否定句，且只置于句末。如：I don't know him .

22、 Tom doesn't know him , either.(4) as well常用于口語，用法和 too一樣，通常位于句末，它前面通常不用逗號。如:She is a teacher and a singer as well.I know Japanese as well. as well as常用來連接兩個并列的成分，作 也，還”解。它強調(diào)的是前一項，后一項只是順便提及。因此連接并列主語時，謂語動詞與前一項一致；而用not only .but also連接時，謂語動詞與后一項一致。如：Your wife as well as you is friendly to me.(= No

23、t only you but also your wife is friendly to me. )Electric energy can be changed into light energy as well as into sound energy.用來表示同級比較，指樣好如：He plays the guitar as well as you.17: She did not join the discussion.(P71) 她沒有加入討論。discussion n.討論 動詞形式 discuss常用短語：discuss with sb.與某人討論；discuss about sth.

24、討論某事。如：I ' discuss with you about the following topic.知識點二語法知識點講解【知識梳理】1 ： be+adj.+enough+to do sth.表示“（某人、某物）足夠做某事”例如：I'm tall enough to reach the top of the tree.【拓展句型】be+adj.+enough+for sb.+to do sth.表示對某人來說“（某人、某物）足夠做某事”1. enough作形容詞，意思是 足夠的；充分的作定語置于被修飾的名詞前后均可，前置時 強調(diào)enough,后置時強調(diào)被修飾詞。如：Fi

25、ve men will be quite enough.I have enough books now. = I have books enough now.2. enough作副詞的意思是十分地；充分地;足夠地；充足地”，置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后，常與不定式或介詞 for連用，在句子中作狀語，表示程度。如：Mum, I think I ' m well enoouget back to school.【拓展】enough作感嘆詞時意思是夠了；停止;住手;不要再繼續(xù)了 "，用以表達不耐煩或惱怒。如：You' ve been practicing the violi

26、n all afternoon. Enough!2： tooto結(jié)構(gòu)和用法(1) . tooto表示 太而不能”。too的后面接形容詞或副詞的原級，to的后面接動詞原形。too. t。句型是簡單句。如：He is too young to join the army.(2) . too. to 結(jié)構(gòu)表達肯定的意義 .too前面含有表示否定意義的詞，如 ：not, never, nothing等時，too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)不表示否定 的意義。如：It is never too old to learn.活到老，學到老。(要學永遠都不遲。) .too后接表示感情的形容詞，如 glad, pleased

27、, happy, sad等時，too. to.句型不再表示否 定意義，而表示的是肯定意義。例如：He is too sad to hear the bad news.(3) too. to.結(jié)構(gòu)與enough.to.結(jié)構(gòu)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換將too.to.結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為enough. to.結(jié)構(gòu)時，要注意： .enough前的形容詞或副詞應是too前面形容詞或副詞的反義詞； .enough. to.句式須用否定式；如：She is too young to do the work. = She isn't old enough to do the work.知識點三 8B U5 Integrated

28、 skills 知識點講解【知識梳理】1: Help explain things and give us useful information. (P72)幫助解釋事情并給我們有用的信息。explain vt./vi.及物動詞的用法為 explain to sb. sth.或explain sth. to sb.即不能直接跟雙賓語, 在表人的間接賓語前，后需加介詞to。如：He explained to me the difficult maths problem.=He explained the difficult maths problem to me.批注：explain, intr

29、oduce 和borrow 用法一樣，只能用介詞引出間接賓語”：explain sth.to sb; introduce A to B ; borrow sth. from sb.如果這個sth.較長(比如帶個定語或本身就是一個名詞性從句)，為了句子的平衡，可將 其后置成為：explain to sb. sth. (+ 定語),或 explain to sb. that-從句。不要將其和普通白雙賓動詞如give等混淆。give有兩種說法：give sth. to sb. =give sb. sth.2： keep us from danger (P72)使我們遠離危險keep sb./sth

30、away from sth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事如：He keeps his dog away from his bedroom.Tom kept his little brother from bothering him .3: warn us against something (P72)提醒我們地方某些可能發(fā)生的事情warn vt.警告,提醒第三人稱單數(shù)：warns 過去分詞： warned 現(xiàn)在分詞：warning過去式： warnedwarn用法如下：warn sb. (not) to do s

31、th.警告某人(不要)干某事。如：He warned us not to stay up late. warn sb. that+ 從句They called and warned me that they might be late.warn sb. of/about sth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：He warned the danger of the car accident.warn sb against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事。如： The doctor warned him against smoking.warning n.警告,提醒。如：To give a

32、warning, he waved his hands quickly.4： Sorry, I didn notice that sign just now. (P73)對不起，我剛剛沒有注意到那個標志。notice vt.意為"注意到，留心，看到"。常用于 notice sb. do sth.; notice sb. doing sth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。如:Did you notice Jack come in?Did you notice his hand shaking?notice n.意為"布告，公告，啟事"，是可數(shù)名詞。如：There is a no

33、tice on the office gate saying "No Parking".作名詞常用的詞組有：take notice of sb./sth.意為"注意某人 /某物"。如：Take notice of what they say.take no notice of sb./sth.意為"不理會某人 /某物"。如：Take no notice of his angry words-he is not well.5: Everybody will be lucky or successful sometime in their

34、 life. (P74)每個人者B將會在他們I(l)successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地 success n.成功。succeed vi.成功；如： His success makes me want to be successful in the near future.We all want to succeed.常用短語： be successful at sth. =do sth. successfully= succeed in sth./ doing sth.(2)sometime adv.在某時sometimes/ some times/

35、 sometime/ some time 辨析基本含義記憶口訣sometimes 有時sometimes/some times:相聚是有時”；分開是幾次”some times 幾次；幾倍sometime 在某時sometime/some time :相聚是某時”；分開是'段”some time時間如：Tom goes to school on foot, but sometimes by bike.Our school is some times larger than theirs.Mary will be back sometime in October.I ' ll st

36、ay here for some time.6: Risk losing everything all at one time.(P74)曾經(jīng)冒險做失去一切的風險。risk vt.冒一的危險；使一冒風險(或面臨危險)；第三人稱單數(shù)：risks過去分詞：risked 現(xiàn)在分詞：risking 過去式：risked常用短語：risk sth /doing sth冒什么危險/冒險做某事。如：He risked walking alone in the dark.risk n.危險，冒險；常用短語：at risk在危險中at the risk of冒.之險；不顧.之風險run/take the ris

37、k of doing sth.冒險做某事。如:Wd d better not run the risk of catching a cold by walking without an umbrella in the rain.7: a friend in need is a friend indeed(P75)患難見真情need11 / 15牛津譯林八年級下冊 8BUnit5知識梳理n.in need需要in need of 需要in great need 急需in great need of.急需.如：I'm in great need of rest.v.一）作情態(tài)動詞need作

38、情態(tài)動詞無人稱或數(shù)的變化，后接動詞原形，多用于否定句和疑問句中。如：You needn't worry.由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定答語常用needn't.如： Need I answer the question? Yes, you must. /Yes, you have to. /No, you needn't.由must弓I出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must,否定答語用needn't或don't have to。如： Must I do the work now? Yes, you must /have

39、to. /No, you needn't /don't have to.二）作行為動詞need作為行為動詞有人稱和數(shù)的變化，后面可接名詞、代詞、動名詞及帶to的動詞不定式；可用于肯定句、疑問句和否定句中，如：She needs help.I don't need to see the doctor.- Do you need to go at once? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.8: Just as, the saying goes. (P75)正如諺語所說。(1) as用法小結(jié)1)作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，意為 像；按照"

40、如：You must do everything as I asked you to.2)作介詞，表示作為；當作”。如：As a party member, I must be strict with myself .3)作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。意為 當?shù)臅r候如：She sings as she walks.4)用于一些固定搭配。如：as . . . as.與相同的程度；與等同The dress is twice as expensive as that.as well as同(一樣也)；和；還 。如：On Sunday, his landlady provided dinner as we

41、ll as breakfast .such. . . as像這樣的；such as例如。如：Such simple actions as eating drinking become difficult .I bought a lot of fruits, such as apples, oranges, bananas and so on.(2) saying 諺語常見的諺語有：Do as Romans do in Rome.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。No pains, no gains.不勞無獲。Burn the can

42、dles at both ends.操勞過度。The early bird catches the worm. 早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。It never rains but it pours.不雨貝U已，雨傾盆。It rains cats and dogs.大雨磅礴。Many hands make light work.眾人拾柴火焰高。Every dog has its day.人人者B有得意日。Put all your eggs in one basket.孤注一擲。The grass is always greener than the other side.這山看著那山高。Seeing is

43、believing.眼見為實。Action speaks louder than words. 行動勝過語言。East or west, home is the best.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。It's never too old to learn.活至U老，學到老。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。Easier said than done.說起來容易做起來難。Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。9: Otherwise, you

44、will become tired out. (P75) 否則，你將會筋疲力盡。tired adj.累的，疲倦的(指人)；tiring adj.令人累的，令人疲倦的(指物)。常用短語：be tired of.感到厭倦；be tired with因而疲勞。如：I am tired of living aboard.I am tired with climbing that steep hill.10: conclusion (P76)結(jié)論conclusion n.結(jié)論;結(jié)局;斷定，決定 ;推論;復數(shù)： conclusionsconclude v.下結(jié)論。如：To conclude, he is honest.= In conclusion, he is honest.11: The purpose of the talk is to teach students rules for eating.(P77) 講座的目的是教學生 吃飯的規(guī)矩。13 /15牛津譯林八年級下冊 8BUnit5知識梳理此處的to teach放在is的后面，做表語。動詞不定式還可以放