1、為了避免重復(fù)，句子中為了避免重復(fù)，句子中某些部分可以省略。某些部分可以省略。省略省略一，并列句中的省略，在由一，并列句中的省略，在由and連連接的接的 一些句子中，為避免重復(fù)常一些句子中，為避免重復(fù)常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組。 1. 省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 Mr. Smith picked up a coin in the road and (Mr. Smith) handed it to a policeman. 2. 若主語(yǔ)不同而謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞，若主語(yǔ)不同而謂語(yǔ)助動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)

2、動(dòng)詞。 Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.3. 若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。后面的主謂成分。 His advice made me happy, but (his advice made) Jim angry. 4. 若主語(yǔ)不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)若主語(yǔ)不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。部分。 I was born in winter in 1988 and Bob (

3、was born in winter) in 1989. 5. 5. 省略重復(fù)的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部省略重復(fù)的介詞，連詞及后續(xù)部分。分。He was late because he had overslept and ( because he had) missed the train. 二、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略二、狀語(yǔ)從句的省略 1. 在在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if, though, as, whether等等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂 語(yǔ)有語(yǔ)有be, 而主而主語(yǔ)有跟主句主語(yǔ)相同或是語(yǔ)有跟主句

4、主語(yǔ)相同或是it時(shí)，則從句時(shí)，則從句的主語(yǔ)和的主語(yǔ)和be常被省略。常被省略。 （1）As (he was) young, he was a store-keeper. （2）His opinion, whether (it is) right or wrong , would be considered. 2. 在在as, than, however, whatever, no matter what等引導(dǎo)的從句中常省等引導(dǎo)的從句中常省略某些成分。略某些成分。 Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. I ca

5、n only do it the way as ( I was) told to (do it that way). 3. 虛擬條件句常省略虛擬條件句常省略if, 將將were, had, should 提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。提前構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 Should there be a flood =(If there should be a flood), what should we do? 4. 有些狀語(yǔ)從句置于句末，可作句尾省有些狀語(yǔ)從句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有時(shí)可省略整個(gè)從句。略，有時(shí)可省略整個(gè)從句。 John will go there if my brother will (go). I

6、 would have come yesterday (if I had wanted to ).三、三、定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句和和名詞性從句名詞性從句中的中的省略。省略。 1. 在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)用在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系代詞whom, which, that可省略；可省略；在以在以the sameas和和such as引出的某引出的某些定語(yǔ)從句中，也可省略與主句相些定語(yǔ)從句中，也可省略與主句相同部分。同部分。 The girl (whowhomthat) the teacher spoke to is Liu Ying. I dont like such books

7、as this (is). 2. 定語(yǔ)從句中的定語(yǔ)從句中的“主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞詞be”可以省略?？梢允÷?。 The goods (which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet. 3. 在在know, think, consider, suppose, find, believe, say, decide等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓等動(dòng)詞后面所接的賓語(yǔ)從句中，連詞語(yǔ)從句中，連詞that可以省略；若帶有可以省略；若帶有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，只有多個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，只有第一個(gè)第一個(gè)that可省略，可省略，其余的則不能。其余的則不能。 I think (that) it

8、 will clear up(轉(zhuǎn)晴轉(zhuǎn)晴)this afternoon. He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 4. 由由which, when, where, how和和why引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，可全部或部分省略。全部或部分省略。 He will come back, but he doesnt know when ( he will come back). 5. 在與在與suggest, request, order, advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，

9、等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式須用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“should+動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”，should可省略?？墒÷?。 The officer ordered that his men (should) fire. It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.四、復(fù)合句中特殊的省略現(xiàn)象。四、復(fù)合句中特殊的省略現(xiàn)象。 1. 主句省略多用于句首，在答主句省略多用于句首，在答句中，主句或者一些成分可全句中，主句或者一些成分可全部省略。部省略。 (It is a) Pity that I didnt go to Marys birthday

10、 party yesterday. 2. 省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部省略一個(gè)從句或從句的一部分，可用分，可用so或或not代替。代替。 1) -She may not be free today. -If so (so=she is not free today), we will have to report the manager. 2) -Is he feeling better today? -Im afraid not (not=he isnt feeling better today).五、動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留五、動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留to的場(chǎng)合的場(chǎng)合 1. 不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)

11、時(shí)，常見動(dòng)不定式作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見動(dòng)詞如詞如like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, afford, forget, prefer, refuse, mean, try, advice, persuade, agree, want, remember, manage等。等。 You can do it this way if you care to. -You should have thanked her before you left. -I mean to , but when I was leaving I couldnt find her an

12、ywhere. 2. 不定式在句中作某些動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)時(shí)，不定式在句中作某些動(dòng)詞后的賓補(bǔ)或主補(bǔ)時(shí)，常見的有常見的有ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow, permit等。等。 She wants to come but her parents wont allow to. 3. 不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見形不定式在句中作某些形容詞的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見形容詞如容詞如happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等。等。 I think she should get a job, but y

13、ou cant force her to if shes not ready to -Ill be away on a business trip. Could you mind looking after my cat? -Not at all. Id be happy to. 4. 不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見結(jié)不定式作某些復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見結(jié)構(gòu)如構(gòu)如be able to, be going to , have to, ought to, used to等。等。 He doesnt like fish but he used to. 注意：當(dāng)省略的內(nèi)容是作動(dòng)詞用注意：當(dāng)省略的內(nèi)容是作動(dòng)詞用的

14、的have或或be的任何形式時(shí)的任何形式時(shí),to 后面保留后面保留原形原形have或或be. He didnt come, but he ought to have. Alice is not what she used to be.六、動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)六、動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to 的省略。的省略。 1. 主語(yǔ)部分有主語(yǔ)部分有to do, 系動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞是 is或或was時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省略時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式通常省略to. The only thing you have to do is (to) press the button. 2. 作介詞作介詞but, except, besides的賓

15、語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，前面有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，常省略不定時(shí)，常省略不定式符號(hào)式符號(hào)to. Tom had nothing to do besides answer betters this morning. 3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，其后的不定式符號(hào)可省略，但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)則不省略。定式符號(hào)可省略，但有對(duì)比關(guān)系時(shí)則不省略。 It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.（平行結(jié)構(gòu)）（平行結(jié)構(gòu)） 4. 在在see, watch, notice, hear, listen to, look at, fe

16、el, have make, let, leave, observe等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，省略不等詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，省略不定式符號(hào)定式符號(hào)to；Why (not) do結(jié)構(gòu)中不定結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式不帶式不帶to. Did you notice her enter the room? why not join us?七、介詞的省略七、介詞的省略（考點(diǎn)）（考點(diǎn)） 1. 一些常和動(dòng)名詞、形容詞一起搭配的一些常和動(dòng)名詞、形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的介詞常省略，而保留其后的 動(dòng)名詞，常動(dòng)名詞，常見的句型有見的句型有spend/waste time (in) doing, lose no time

17、 (in) doing； have difficult/trouble (in) doing； be busy (in) doing；stop/prevent sb. (from) doing 等。等。 The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time. She lost no time (in) giving the patient first aid.2. 表示行為方式的表示行為方式的in在在in this way, in the same way, in another way等詞組中，經(jīng)常被省略。等詞組中，經(jīng)常被省略。

18、 He did it (in) this way.八、會(huì)話中的省略。八、會(huì)話中的省略。 省略在會(huì)話中應(yīng)用廣泛，無論是回答別省略在會(huì)話中應(yīng)用廣泛，無論是回答別人問題，還是在接別人說話時(shí)都會(huì)發(fā)生，人問題，還是在接別人說話時(shí)都會(huì)發(fā)生，否則就覺得累贅。否則就覺得累贅。 -Do you like this shirt? -Yes, (I like it) very much. (Come) This way, please. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -Losing her bicycle (made her so upset).省略句練習(xí)題省略句練習(xí)

19、題1. Generally speaking, _according to directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when takenC. when to take D. when to be takenB2. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A.lacked B. lacking ofC. lacking D. lacked in C3. - You should have thanked her before you left. - I meant _, but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere. A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing itB4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle