1、語法專題復習（四） 狀語從句講解狀語從句指句子用作狀語時，起副詞作用的句子。它可以修飾謂語、非謂語動 詞、定語、狀語或整個句子。一般可分為九大類，分別表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、 比較和方式。盡管種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結構和用法相似， 所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞 和特殊的連接詞即考點?，F(xiàn)分別列舉如下 :1I fell asleep when he was doing his exercises .他正作練習時我睡著了。 （時 間狀語從句）3She always singsa s she walks .她總是一邊走一邊唱。

2、（時間狀語從句）4I waited until he had finished his work .我等到他做完活。（時間狀語從句）5It was not long before he told me about this affair .不久，他就告訴我這件事。（時間狀語從句）6He has worked very hards ince he entered the factory自從他進廠，工作一直很努力。（時間狀語從句）1時間狀語從句常用引導詞：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特

3、殊引導詞：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the ins tant, immediately , directly, no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely wh en種類從屬連詞例句說明時間狀語whenWhen I came into the room, he was writing awhen 指的是“某一具體 的時間”。whenever 指的是“在任 何一個不具體的時間 ”。wheneverletter. 當我進屋時，他正在寫信。We shall go there when

4、ever we are free . 我們什么時間有空，我們就去那里。whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走著，這時忽然有人從后面拍我 的肩膀。when 意為“這時”或“在 那個時候”可,以看作是 并列句,這種用法的 when 分句一般位于句 末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out. 天下雨的時候，他們出去了。I stayed while he was away. 他不在的時候我在。w

5、hile 指“在某一段時間 里”，“在期間”，while 引導的動作必須是持續(xù) 性的。asShe always singsa s she walks .as引導持續(xù)性動作，強從她總是一邊走一邊唱調(diào)主句和從句的動作同 時發(fā)生。句beforeBe a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做學生，再做先生。before 譯為在 之前afterHe arrived after the game started. 比賽開始后，他到了。tillWe waited till (until)he came back . 我們一直等到他回來。如主句動詞是持續(xù)性動 作，常用肯定

6、式，表示 “直到 為止 ”時間狀untilShe didn ' t stop working until eleven o 她到 11 點鐘才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看著，直到看不見他的身影。如主'句c動lo詞ck是 . 瞬間動 詞，常用否定式，表示 “直 才 ”“在 以 前 不”從,句放在句首表示 強調(diào)，一般用 untilsinceas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自從 1978 年以來中國發(fā)生

7、了巨大的變化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I ' lwl rite to you.我一到上海就給你寫信。狀語從句在主句之前時一般用逗號與主句 分開，如從句在主句之 后則不必用標點符號。語從句hardly whe nI had hardly got home when it began to rain. 我剛一到家，就下雨了。 =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.hardly when 和 no sooner than 的意義相 當于 as soon as,但只表 示過去發(fā)生的事情，主 句為過去完

8、成時，從句 為過去時， 如 hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首時 語氣強，而且主句的謂 語要用部分倒裝。nosooner thanNo sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我們剛到車站，火車就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我們剛開始就被叫停。every time, by the time, the moment 等Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick. 我每次乘船都暈船。The moment

9、I heard the song, I felt cheerful. 我一聽到這首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,you ' ll see him. 下次你來的時候，就會見到他。在時間狀語從句中，不 能用將來時或過去將 來時，而要用現(xiàn)在時或 過去時代替將來時。2 地點狀語從句 常用引導詞 ：where 特殊引導詞 ：wherever, anywhere, everywherewhereWhere there is a will, there is a way.where 與 wherever 意地有志者，事竟成。義基本相同，但后者點whereverWhere

10、there is water there is life.語氣較強，多用于書狀哪里有水，哪里就有生命。面語。語You are free to go wherever you like.從你可以隨意到你喜歡的任何地方去。句Wherever you go, you must obey the law. 無論你去哪都要遵守法律。3 原因狀語從句常用引導詞： because, since, as, since特殊引導詞： seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, conside ring that,原 因 狀 語 從 句

11、becauseI came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回來晚了，因為我值班。because 用來回答 why 的問題，語氣最強一般 放在主句之后sinceSince everyone is here, let 'bse gin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我們開始開會。since 表示既然或全已知 的理由 ,稍加分析即可表 明的原因 ,多放句首asAs he didn 'ktn ow much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary . 由于他英

12、語懂得不多， 他在字典中查閱這個 單詞。從句常放在句首，說明 原因，主句說明結果， 常用于口語中。now that,Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey. 鑒于天氣已經(jīng)晴朗，我們可以啟程了。Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.鑒于他病情嚴重，我們派人去請醫(yī)生去了。seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意義相似， 他們都有 “鑒于某個事 實”的意思， that 可以省 去。seeing that4 目

13、的狀語從句常用引導詞： so that, in order that特殊引導詞： lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that目 的 狀 語thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget. 我要把你的電話號碼記下來，以免忘記。 We' ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真實情況告訴你，使你能自己

14、作出判 斷。目的狀語從句中常用情 態(tài)動詞 may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在 動詞之前，從句往往放 在主句之后，主從句之 間不用任何標點符號so that第 3 頁 共 10 頁從 句in orderThey worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time . 他們比往常更加努力工作，為了能提前完 成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿點衣服，

15、以免患感冒。thatlest = forfear that5結果狀語從句常用引導詞： so that, such that,特殊引導詞： such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,結 果 狀 語 從 句so thatWe turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我們把收音機的音量放大，大家都聽到了 新聞。He was so excited that he couldn 'sta y a word.他十分激動，以致一句話

16、都說不出來。so that 前有逗號為結果 狀語從句。so that的 so后面跟形 容詞或副詞。so thatsuch thHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他說出了這么重要的理由，得到大 家的諒解。It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.這是一本十分有意思的書，大家都想看。such that的 such 后面 跟名詞，如

17、果名詞是單 數(shù)就要用 such a /an that還可以轉(zhuǎn)換用 so tha，t 語氣較強at6條件狀語從句 常用引導詞： if, unless, 特殊引導詞： as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in ca se that, on condition that條件狀ifDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them. 如果我們不怕困難，困難就算不了什么了。 We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

18、unless 從句的謂語只能 用肯定式。unless 和 if not同義， unless是 書面語，if not是口語， 通常二者可以換用。 條t 件狀語從句中的謂語 動詞的時態(tài)一般要用現(xiàn)unless除非下雨，我們明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn ' rain.語從句as/so longSo/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.在時或過去時代替一般 將來時或過去將來時。asin case只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please rem

19、ind me about it . 萬一我忘了，請?zhí)嵝盐乙幌?。So far as I know, the book will be published next month.據(jù)我所知，那本書下月出版。so far as7 讓步狀語從句常用引導詞： though, although, even if, even though特殊引導詞： as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝 )，while ( 一般用在句首 )，n o matter ， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, wh enever, however

20、, whichever讓步 狀 語從句thoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 雖然他六十多歲了，但仍開始學習法語 。 We were not tired though (although) we had在句子中一般用了 “雖 然 ”就不能再用 “但是 ” （ but）但可以與 yet 或 still 連 用 。 though / although 意義相同，用 法基本一樣，前者通俗， 口語化，后者正式多放 主句的前面。althoughworked all day.雖然我們干了一天活，但

21、并不累。even if even thoughI ' ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和 even though 的意思為 “即使”“縱使 ” 有退一步設想的意味， 多用于書面語中。asChild as he is , he knows a lot .as引出的狀語從句多用讓雖然他是一個孩子，但他懂得很多。于書面語，它比用Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)thethough 或 although 引導children play outdoors.的從句，語

22、氣強，更有步雖然天氣冷，但孩子們?nèi)栽趹敉馔?。表現(xiàn)力，從句常放在句 首，語序部分倒裝。no matterDo it no matter what others say. 不管別人怎么說 ,盡管干。no matter 與狀(who,who-ever 引導的讓步狀whatNo matter how busy he was, he studied語從句意義基本一 樣，when,English every day. 不管他多忙，他都每天堅持學習英語。no matter 引導的從語where句可是以位于主句前或which,No matter who takes up the matter for me ,

23、I shall be very grateful. 不管誰為我處理這件事，我都將非常感激。主句后。how)wh everWhatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart. 無論發(fā)生什么，我們都不要失去信心。 Whoever comes, he will be welcome. 無論誰來，都會受到歡迎。wh ever 從句中的動 詞有時可以和 may 連 用。判斷 wh ever 引導 的是狀語從句還是名詞 性從句的一點是，名詞 性從句，主句中一定有 一個成分要在從句擔 任，一般從句與主句之 間沒有逗號。不可將 no matter 與

24、 wh ever連用(whateverwhoeverwheneverwhichever however)從句8比較狀語從句常用引導詞：as（同級比較 ）, than（不同程度的比較 ）特殊引導詞：the more the more ; just as ， so; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no more than; not A so much as BasasMary is as old as my sister.連詞表示同程度級的比比瑪利和我姐姐一樣大。較，肯定句用 asas否not so/asHe doesn 't run so (as) fast

25、 as Jack (does).定句可用 not as as 或較as他不如杰克跑得那樣快。not so asthe sameHis book is the same as mine.狀as他的書和我的一樣。such asHenry is not such a good worker as Peter .語享利這個工人不如彼得那樣好。thanShe has made greater progress this year than表示不同程度之比較，從she did last year.主句中用比較級的形容她今年比去年進步更大。詞或副詞。句He bought fewer books than I

26、 (did).他買的書比我買的少。the morethethe more the more 意 思為越越 ，通常的 語序為從句在前主句在 后，這兩個 the 都是表 示程度的副詞，用在比 較級的形容詞或副詞前 面。The more you read, the better you understand. 你看的書越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get. 你賣的票越多，你的收入也越多。The harder you work, the greater progress語you will make. 你工作越

27、努力，你取得的進步就越大。從The sooner, the better.句子意思明顯，句子的越快越好。主語和動詞都可省略。句The warmer, the better. 越暖和越好。9 方式狀語從句 常用引導詞： as, as if, how 特殊引導詞： the wayasDraw a cat as I taught you .方按照我教你的畫一只貓。Do as you are told.式按照人家告訴你做的去做。as if She looks as if she is ill.狀as though看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing ha

28、d語happened.他的行動就好象什么也沒有發(fā)生。從They treat the black boy as if (though) hewere an animal.句他們對待這黑孩子仿佛他是一頭牲口。此處 as 譯為，按照或正 如as if 或 as though 的意義 和用法基本一樣。從句 中可以用現(xiàn)在時表示可 能符合事實，也可以用 虛擬語氣。10 特殊的特殊形式的狀語從句thatWe are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China . 我們相信四化一定會在中國實現(xiàn)。I ' mso rry (th

29、at) I didn 'hta ve time to write you sooner.很抱歉，我沒有抽出時間早點給你寫信。I am afraid that I can' t go with you.恐怕我不能同你一起去了。that 引導的從句，往往 跟在一個做表語的形容 詞后面，從句概念上看 是賓語，所以有的語法 家 把 它 看做 是 賓語 從 句，但結構上看，也可 以把它看作是一個特殊 的狀語從句，用來修飾 表語的形容詞。這種從 句的連詞常常被省略。狀語從句的簡化第 7 頁 共 10 頁狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件 :主句和從句的主語一 致，或從句主語為 it

30、 ；從 句主要動詞是 be的某種形式。從句中的主語和 be 動詞?？墒÷?。例如：When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .He' ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外， 比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略 。例如：I ' mta ller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressu

31、re (is ).狀語從句的 "簡化 "現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中 :由 if, unless 等引導的條件狀語從句 ; 由 although, though, even if / though 等引導的讓步狀語從句 ; 由 when, while, as, before, after, until / till 等引導的時間狀語從句 ; 由 as, as if 等引導的方式狀語從句 ; 由 as, than 等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。If (it is) possible , he will help you out of the diffic

32、ulty. 如果可能的話 ,他會幫你擺 脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you. 除非情況對你來 說不方便 ,否則你必須出席這次會議。As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike他. 小時候就學會了騎自行車。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shoppin她g.有空就去逛商店。Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret少. 壯不努力 ,老大徒傷悲

33、。While (he was) a you ng boy, he was always ready to help others他. 在孩提時代就樂 于助人。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks. 盡管近來他一直在學數(shù)學 ,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。 d.連詞 +過去分詞The concert was a great success than (it was) expected這. 場音樂會出乎意料地取得 了巨大成功。He stood up as if (he wer

34、e) to say something當. 時他站起來好像要說什He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge. 即使他來負責 ,他也 解決不了這個問題。 f. 連詞 +介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急 ,好像遇到了麻 煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美國之前就 懂英語了。tips:只用 as 不用 when 或 wh

35、ile 的情況1、用于表示同一個人的兩種動作交替進行，指“一邊一邊” ， 如： The girl sings as she goes to school.2、表示兩個同步發(fā)生的動作或行為如： As time went by,she became more and more beautiful.3、表示兩個動作緊跟著發(fā)生，如： As he was going out,it began to rain,4、接在名詞后面表示某一個年齡段時 。如： As a young man, he was active in sports.連接詞 when,while,as 的用法區(qū)別1、while 引導的時間狀

36、語從句的謂語動詞 必須是可持續(xù)的 ，而 when 引導的時間 狀語從句的謂語動詞既可以可持續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞。WhenWhile he was eating his breakfast,he heard the door bell rang. When I stopped my car,a man came up to me.（while不可用 ）2、從句動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時，只能用 when 引導，不可用 whileas, 如： When you have finished your work,you may have a rest3、表示“隨著” ,連詞用 as,不用 w

37、henwhile, 如： As the election approached,the violenve got worse.4、如果主句表示的是短暫性的動作，從句用延續(xù)性動作的進行時態(tài)表示一段時 間內(nèi)正在進行的動作時，三者可互相交換使用。如： WhenWhileAs I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.till,until 和 not until 用法1、untiltill 引導時間狀語從句用于肯定句中時，主句的動詞時延續(xù)性動詞， 表示 動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到 untiltill 所表示的時間，意為“某動作一直持續(xù)到某時間 點才停止”，譯為“直到為止” 。You may stay here until the rain stops.2、用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞時非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定，意為“直到 才”