1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+have/has+過去分詞(done) 肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他否定句：主語+have/has+not+過去分詞+其他一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）二、用法1） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"完成用法"現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系,也就是說,動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在. He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。(動(dòng)作結(jié)束于過

2、去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含義是:現(xiàn)在桌子已經(jīng)擺好了.) 2） 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的"未完成用法"指的是動(dòng)作開始于過去某一時(shí)刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動(dòng)詞要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與for（+時(shí)間段）,since（+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）連用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能單獨(dú)與準(zhǔn)確時(shí)間連用

3、，(如表示過去的時(shí)間狀語） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for, since連用.2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑問）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven't seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have

4、 they found the missing child yet ?3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的

5、時(shí)間狀語連用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的區(qū)別have been to 強(qiáng)調(diào)“去過”，

6、現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國”，現(xiàn)在已“不在美國”）have gone to主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如：-Where's your mother? -你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去醫(yī)院了。has been in 一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)考點(diǎn)例析現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是較難掌握、中考考查較多的時(shí)態(tài)。涉及的考點(diǎn)有：一、考查其構(gòu)成"助動(dòng)詞have (has) +動(dòng)詞過去分詞"構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. Kate's n

7、ever seen Chinese films，_ ?  A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has的縮寫，故選B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改為否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問句中，故填hasn't, yet。3. -A

8、nn has gone to Shanghai. -So _her parents.   A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語"結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復(fù)數(shù),故選D。二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞(一)當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet?

9、A. Do; finish   B. Are; finishing   C. Did; finish    D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed         B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed  &#

10、160; D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故1題選D，2題選D。(二)當(dāng)句中有"for +段時(shí)間"或"since +點(diǎn)時(shí)間"等時(shí)，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要改為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表狀態(tài)的詞(短語)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after   B. before    C. sinc

11、e     D. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而從句用的是一般過去時(shí)，故選C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent    B. has borrowed    C. has bought     D. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中不與表"段時(shí)間"的短語連用，故選D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. di

12、dn't receive   B. haven't got   C. didn't have   D. haven't heard析：據(jù)since可知，應(yīng)排除A、C，"hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意為"收到某人的來信"，故選B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)別。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see t

13、he Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to     B. gone to     C. been in      D. been to析：據(jù)句中的have，排除A，B項(xiàng)意為"去某地了"，C項(xiàng)意為"一直呆在某地"，D項(xiàng)意為"去過某地"，符合題意，故選D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have bee

14、n in    B. have been to    C. have gone to     D. have been析：本題句中有"for+段時(shí)間"結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除C，B項(xiàng)意為"去過某地"，不合題意，D項(xiàng)缺介詞，故選A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與其他時(shí)態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正確的句子)析：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與"段時(shí)間"連用時(shí)，除了把非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞改成延

15、續(xù)性動(dòng)詞外，還可把動(dòng)詞改為一般過去時(shí)或借助句型"It's +段時(shí)間+since+從句"進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_more than ten years _Susan _

16、to this city. 析：據(jù)上題分析，且since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時(shí)，故填I(lǐng)t is, since, came。3. I won't go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost   B. don't lose   C. have lost   D. is coming析：因我丟了票的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會(huì)的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的含意，故選C。英語的行為動(dòng)詞有持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞:

17、 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作可以持續(xù)一段時(shí)間或更長時(shí)間。常見的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。二、瞬間性動(dòng)詞: 表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦稱終止性動(dòng)詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borr

18、ow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off等瞬間性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時(shí)間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：（1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動(dòng)詞來替換He has been in the army/a soldier for three years. （他參軍已有3年了。）不用has joined She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up Has your brother been a

19、way from home for a long time? （離家已有好久了嗎？）不用has left 常用瞬間動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞關(guān)系：1、gobe away 2、comebe here 3、come backbe back 4、leavebe away（be not here） 5、buyhave 6、borrowkeep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on 9、finishbe over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to knowknow 14、turn onbe on 15、get upb

20、e up 16、sit downsit/beseated 17、joinbe in（）或be amember 18、becomebe（2）用it issince結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動(dòng)詞例如：電影已經(jīng)開映5分鐘了。（兩種方法）（1）The film has been on for five minutes. （2）Its five minutes since the film began.他離開上海已有3天了。（兩種方法）（1）He has been away from Shanghai for three days. （2）It is three days since he left Shangha

21、i.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。（一種方法）Its two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法） How long is it since be found his sister?4、瞬間動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用例如：I havent seen you for a long time.（好久沒見到你了。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、 單項(xiàng)選擇。1、Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew .

22、have known . must know . will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still 3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before .a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far .Yes. I h

23、ope it will be even _. has changed ; well . changed; good. has changed ; better . changed; better 6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying 7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Pot

24、ter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone 10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Hav

25、e; done; have finished . will; do; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in D. has been in 12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made 13、How long have you _ here ? About two months. been . gone . com

26、e . arrived 14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes. has begun . had begun. has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been 17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years. have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often,