1、讀理解在省專升本考試中，閱讀理解（Reading Comprehension所占比例最大，總分值 60 分，占試卷總分的五分之二。這一部分主要測(cè)試考生通過閱讀獲取書面信息的能力以及考生對(duì)篇章語境中的詞匯理解和運(yùn)用能力。 閱讀理解分為篇章閱讀理解和篇章詞匯理解。篇章閱讀理解（一）一、大綱解析篇章閱讀理解（PassageReading） 部分采用多項(xiàng)選擇題的形式進(jìn)行考查。這部分測(cè)試分兩節(jié)： 四篇文章和一篇7 選 5 的文章。 第一部分為仔細(xì)閱讀理解， 其中每篇長(zhǎng)度為 300 詞左右。每個(gè)篇章后有5 個(gè)問題，共20 題?？忌鶕?jù)對(duì)篇章的理解，從每題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案。篇章閱讀的材料均選自英文原

2、版材料， 包括報(bào)刊、 雜志、 書籍、 學(xué)術(shù)期刊等。選材的大體特點(diǎn)如下：1、題材廣泛，包括人文科學(xué)、社會(huì)科學(xué)、自然科學(xué)等領(lǐng)域，但所涉及的背景知識(shí)應(yīng)為學(xué)生所了解或已在文章中提供。2、體裁多樣，包括記敘文、說明文、議論文等。3、閱讀篇章難度適中，整體的難度大致介于省大學(xué)英語三級(jí)考試與全國(guó)英語四級(jí)考試之間。二、做題步驟及解題技巧根據(jù)專升本考試的時(shí)間安排，做一篇篇章閱讀的時(shí)間大致需要控制在 10 到12 分鐘之。要在這個(gè)時(shí)間完成一篇閱讀，需要合理的安排做題的時(shí)間和做題的步驟。建議的做題步驟可以分為以下幾個(gè)階段：1、審清題目閱讀一開始的時(shí)候， 首先應(yīng)該讀題， 可以用一到兩分鐘的時(shí)間， 理解題干的意思， 并

3、且可以圈出題目中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞。 圈出關(guān)鍵詞非常重要， 這樣有助于考生能迅速的找到題目所問的相關(guān)容， 使學(xué)生了解文章結(jié)構(gòu)， 讓他們明白哪些是重點(diǎn)，哪些是次要點(diǎn)。通過審題，考生可以對(duì)題目大致有個(gè)了解，這樣便能在閱讀文章的過程中， 讀到相關(guān)容時(shí)提高注意力， 能更加著力分析其所含意義， 有利于加深印象。2、閱讀文章在閱讀文章的時(shí)候， 考生需要以較快的速度從大量材料中捕捉相關(guān)的重要信息， 這就便要求考生必須養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣。 切忌不要逐字逐詞閱讀， 理解每一個(gè)單詞、詞組或句子的意思，這樣很花費(fèi)考試時(shí)間，沒有效率。而是應(yīng)該根據(jù)中心詞和重點(diǎn)詞連貫閱讀， 把握每段的中心句或中心思想， 根據(jù)題干中標(biāo)出的定位詞

4、在文章中定位關(guān)鍵信息，把握文章的大意。 在閱讀整篇文章時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)：(1) 注重段落首末。近幾年省專升本的閱讀理解題目增加了對(duì)段落首末容的考查。 在每段首末處， 文章容都會(huì)經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一些很具有代表性的觀點(diǎn)和總結(jié)性的概括， 這經(jīng)常會(huì)成為閱讀主旨和總結(jié)的考查地方。 讀文章時(shí)特別要注意首段的首尾兩句話， 大多數(shù)情況下， 這兩句話回事全文的主旨， 會(huì)表明整篇文章所表達(dá)意思的基調(diào)和方向。(2) 注意轉(zhuǎn)折性連接詞。文中的轉(zhuǎn)折性的詞匯經(jīng)常會(huì)成為閱讀考點(diǎn)的標(biāo)志性詞匯，這類詞匯是考題的解題題眼所在。例如however、 but 等詞匯，跟在這些詞匯后面的容通常就是考題的答案所在。(3) 略讀例句。 閱讀中經(jīng)常

5、出現(xiàn)一些例句， 只用來補(bǔ)充說明文章所述的觀點(diǎn)，這些句子通常是由for example、for instance eg等短語或詞語來引導(dǎo)。對(duì)于這些例句， 除非閱讀文章涉及的題目中有所提及， 否則往往可以快速過掉甚至可以忽略不讀，這樣也能更加的提高閱讀的速度。(4) 忽略某些研究所表明的觀點(diǎn)。閱讀文章中，作者在給出某個(gè)觀點(diǎn)后，有時(shí)會(huì)在觀點(diǎn)之后加上某些研究表明(常出現(xiàn)research、 survey、 study 等詞匯 )，那么同樣，除非閱讀文章后的題目中有所提及，否則這些research、 survey、 study等所述的具體容通常也可忽略不讀。 因?yàn)橥ǔＧ闆r下， 這些都只是作者在表明他的觀點(diǎn)

6、后面， 為了進(jìn)一步論證這一觀點(diǎn)， 使文章更具有說服力， 使他的觀點(diǎn)更加鮮明。 然而， 這些例子或者研究其本身對(duì)文章的主旨大意并沒有任何影響， 因此可以忽略。3、理解解題在閱讀完整篇文章之后， 考生能了解和理解其大致意義， 對(duì)文章也有了整體把握，這么更能有助于他們解題。解題時(shí)通常可以通過之前審題圈出的關(guān)鍵詞，找出關(guān)鍵詞所在原文的句子或者段落。 對(duì)這句話或者段落重點(diǎn)理解和分析， 然后再聯(lián)系考生自我對(duì)文章的整體把握，逐一排除選項(xiàng)，最后選出最佳答案。三、主要題型（一）主旨大意題主旨大意題主要是考察學(xué)生概括、 綜合的能力。 從整體上來說， 主旨大意題是閱讀題型中要求算高的， 因?yàn)樗罂忌赐晡恼潞螅?

7、能對(duì)文章的大概框架作一個(gè)宏觀把握，歸納文章的要點(diǎn)，概括文章的中心思想和分析文章的章篇結(jié)構(gòu)，從而解答后面的題目。一般來說主旨大意題的考點(diǎn)都會(huì)很明顯在出現(xiàn)在文章之中， 通常的位子會(huì)是首段的首句或者尾句， 更或者主題就存在與文章末尾段。 在讀文章的時(shí)候， 特別要注意首尾兩端有轉(zhuǎn)折性的引導(dǎo)詞， 引導(dǎo)詞后面的語句大多數(shù)會(huì)是作者想表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)，切忌注意。1、主旨大意題常見設(shè)問方式What is the main idea of the passage?What does the passage mainly discuss?What is the main topic of the passage?Whic

8、h of the following can best sum up the passage?Which of the following can best express/ summarize/ convey the main idea of the passage?This passage is mainly/ primarily concerned with .This passage is mainly about .This passage mainly discusses/ deals with .The purpose/ aim of the passage is to .The

9、 purpose of the author in writing this passage is to .The passage is intended to .2、主旨大意題解題技巧(1)文章首尾，首段首尾成為常見命題點(diǎn)。對(duì)于整篇文章來說，中心句、主題句 通常就是在首尾的位子。同樣，對(duì)于段落也是如此，段首和段末一般是該段的主 旨句。對(duì)于閱讀時(shí)間緊的同學(xué)，有的時(shí)候?qū)嵲谑菫榱斯?jié)約時(shí)間，可以通過仔細(xì)分析主題句、忽略其他部分去理解文章或者段落大意。標(biāo)志性引導(dǎo)詞。常見的標(biāo)志性引導(dǎo)詞有but, however等轉(zhuǎn)折性的連接詞和表因 果的連詞because, therefore, for, as a r

10、esult。它們所引導(dǎo)的句子往往會(huì)標(biāo)明作者 的意圖和觀點(diǎn)，需要著重分析理解。(3)特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)。在文章的首段或者尾段帶有冒號(hào)和破折號(hào)的語句通常是作者 的想法，表明文章的容和主體。For example:2010年工商大學(xué)閱讀理解 Text 5第51題：The word religion is derived from the Latin noun religion, which denotes both earnest observance of ritual obligations and an inward spirit of reverence. In modern usage, rel

11、igion covers a wide spectrum of meaning that reflects the enormous variety of ways the term can be interpreted. At one extreme, many committed believers recognize only their own tradition as a religion, understanding expressions such as worship and prayer to refer exclusively to the practices of the

12、ir tradition. Although many believers stop short of claiming an exclusive status for their tradition, they may nevertheless use vague or idealizing terms in defining religion for example, true love of God, or the path of enlightenment. At the other extreme, religion may be equated with ignorance, fa

13、naticism, or wishful thinking.By defining religion as a sacred engagement with what is taken to be a spiritual reality, it is possible to consider the importance of religion in human life without making claims about what it really is or ought to be. Religion is not an object with a single, fixed mea

14、ning, or even a zone with clear boundaries. It is an aspect of human experience that may intersect, incorporate, or transcend other aspects of life and society. Such a definition avoid the drawbacks of limiting the investigation of religion to Western or biblical categories such as monotheism (belie

15、f in one god only) or to church structure, which are not universal. For example, in tribal societies, religion unlike the Christian church usually is not a separate institution but pervades the wholeof public and private life. In Buddhism, gods are not as central as the idea of a Buddha. In many tra

16、ditional cultures, the idea of a sacred cosmic order is the most prominent religious belief. Because of this variety, some scholars prefer to use a general term such as the sacred to designate the common foundation of religious life.Religion in this understanding includes a complex of activities tha

17、t cannot be reduced to any single aspect of human experience. It is a part of individual life but also of group dynamics. Religion includes patterns of behavior but also patterns of language and thought. It is sometimes a highly organized institution that sets itself apart from a culture, and it is

18、sometimes an integral part of a culture. Religious experience may be expressedin visual symbols, dance and performance, elaborate philosophical systems, legendary and imaginative stories, formal ceremonies, and detailed rules of ethical conduct and law. Each of these elements assumes innumerable cul

19、tural forms. In some ways there are as many forms of religious expression as there are human cultural environments.51.What is the passage mainly concerned abo utA. Religion has a variety of interpretation.B. Religion is a reflection of ignorance.C. Religion is not only confined to the Christian cate

20、gories.D. Religion includes all kinds of activities.解析：答案A。題目就是一個(gè)典型的主旨大意題，問及全文的主要容，考查考生 的總結(jié)和歸納能力。整篇文章是都是圍繞religion”這個(gè)單詞展開說明，介紹這個(gè) 單詞的起源以及它的含義和解釋。從第一段第二句和文章最后一句話可以看出，religion ”的解釋和表現(xiàn)形式有很多種，全文其他部分都是在對(duì)此進(jìn)行說明和補(bǔ) 充，因此答案為Ao2008年工商大學(xué)閱讀理解 Passage悌81題：Science is guided by the vast body of scientific laws that h

21、ave been established through careful experimentation over the past 300 years. Although there is no precise prescription for doing science, there is a general scheme for doing science. Science begins when a natural phenomenon is observed that raises a question for which thereis no known answer. Doing

22、 science involves thinking of ways to explain the natural phenomenon and answering the question raised. The various explanations invented by a scientist involve a creative process that is based on one' s own personal experieras well as known scientific laws and theories. Thinking of the initial

23、question to ask about the observed phenomenon, and all conceivable(能想得出來的) explanations (or hypotheses) to explain the phenomenon are among the most creative moments in doing science.A hypothesis is based on oneo nas lperexperiences, and can also embody aknown scientific theory or law. The combinati

24、on of a theory or law that applies to the phenomenon under study plus the scientist proposed hypothesis to explain the phenomenon is called a model. A model can be a statement of a concept, a physical model, a diagram, or a mathematical expression. The process of explaining the patterns and trendsin

25、 data based on known scientific theory is called modeling the data. A reason that a model is always simpler than the actual phenomenon observed is that the theories and laws are simplifications and generalizations of the patterns observed in nature. The basic premise in science is that knowledge is

26、advanced when a correspondence is found between the model and the observed phenomenon.The foundations of scientific inquiry in the physical sciences rest on developing the skills to pose a scientific question, to develop, to test and to apply a scientific model that adequately accounts for the obser

27、ved phenomena.85. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Hypothesis and Model in Science.B. The Function of a Hypothesis.C. How is Science Done?D. Phenomenon and Scientific Inquiry.解析：答案C。這道題考查的也是考生對(duì)文章主旨的把握。這道題還是需要通讀 全文之后才能選出正確的答案，A這個(gè)選項(xiàng)表示科學(xué)中的假說和模型，這個(gè)只是文章第二段的描述和歸納，不全面。B項(xiàng)表示假說的運(yùn)用，也只

28、是文章第二段的 一個(gè)容，并非全文的主旨。D項(xiàng)說明是科學(xué)探究與現(xiàn)實(shí)現(xiàn)象，這個(gè)只是第三段的概括說明。全文是闡述了科學(xué)是怎么形成的，故答案為C。(二 ) 短文細(xì)節(jié)題短文細(xì)節(jié)題考查信息查找能力和句子的理解能力。細(xì)節(jié)題在閱讀理解考試中所占的比重相當(dāng)大，細(xì)節(jié)題的容包含廣闊，很細(xì)小的點(diǎn)都會(huì)成為細(xì)節(jié)題的考點(diǎn)。這類問題要求考生需要認(rèn)真仔細(xì)的理解與文章有關(guān)的容，正確把握文章的情感，以及找出其他有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)或具體的數(shù)據(jù)等。短文細(xì)節(jié)題有個(gè)很明顯的特點(diǎn)就是問題答案能在文章中直接找出。 很多時(shí)候答案都是原句換了一個(gè)表示的詞匯， 但是意思仍與作者意圖相同。 由于考試時(shí)間非常緊，對(duì)于考生來說，做好細(xì)節(jié)題，首先是要在原文找到相關(guān)

29、信息。首先就需要理解題干的意思， 找出關(guān)鍵詞， 然后再到文章中定位到相關(guān)語句， 對(duì)此句再進(jìn)行認(rèn)真分析和理解。1、短文細(xì)節(jié)題常見設(shè)問方式Which of the following is true/false?Which of the following is not the result of ?What causes ?Why does the author mention ?The author gives this example to illustrate ?Which of the following are people allowed to do?What do we know

30、about ?Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of ?The question in lines XX is based on which of the following assumptions?The author uses which of the following in the XX paragraph?In line XX the author distinguishes between?2、短文細(xì)節(jié)題解題技巧(1) 關(guān)鍵詞定位，利用題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或者關(guān)鍵短語快速在文中找到相應(yīng)的詞或句子，在對(duì)應(yīng)的

31、詞或句子所在的句子中認(rèn)真理解分析，再選出答案。(2) 在重要、 關(guān)鍵的詞語或短語下做上記號(hào)， 如表示時(shí)間與年代的詞； 表示條件、目的、方法、步驟、原因等詞；表示人名、地名或其他的專有名詞；數(shù)據(jù)；某些副詞 (如： always, seldom, absolutely, entirely, relatively, particularly, hardly, merely, virtually 等等) ，這些詞匯或短語都有可能成為答案所在的標(biāo)志。(3) 注意留意復(fù)合句，如同位語、插入語、定語、不定式等，往往這種復(fù)合句能 使考生更加明了作者的意圖。(4) 圈出表示條件、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、例證、原因、總結(jié)等語

32、標(biāo)詞，它們所引導(dǎo)的句 子很有可能藏有考點(diǎn)，它們均與短文細(xì)節(jié)有所關(guān)聯(lián)。For example:2012年省專升本閱讀試題 Passage Fou用第16題：The U.S. Travel Association confirmed in a survey what many frustrated fliers already know: The No.1 airport headacheis passengerswho pull too many carry-on bags through security and onto flights.That number has skyrocketed

33、 in recent years 86 million more bags were carried on in the year than during the same period two years earlier, the Transportation Security Administration estimates.The reason for the carry-on jump is no mystery: All the major domestic airlines now charge to check 托( 運(yùn)) even one bag, generally $25.

34、 To save money and time at the baggage claim, passengerscarry as much as they can on board, with predictable consequences.At security checkpoints, these millions of extra bags, many of them densely packed, mean longer lines. Once past security, the fun continues at boarding. On a typical flight, the

35、re s a fierce fight for scarce overhead bin space, extending the boarding process. Bags that are stuffed under seats make passengerseven more uncomfortable.There has got to be a better way. In fact, there is. Here s what a more sensible system would look like:No fee for the first piece of checked lu

36、ggage. It would be better if airlines simply raised fares( 機(jī)票 ) instead of fees. Limit the carry-on size and charge for large carry-ons. Use templates( 標(biāo)尺 ) at the security checkpoints to cut off the monster bags that now often escape airline staffs notice until theyr e right at the door of the plan

37、e. Tax the airlines income from fees the same way that faresare taxed. Currently, the fees are tax free, encouraging airlines togenerate income through fees rather than fare increases.Wer e sympathetic to the airline industrys need to make money, but the baggage fees previously intended to offset ri

38、sing fuel costs have become an interruption that slows down the security check, offloads costs onto fliers and makes the boarding process even more unpleasant than it already is.1 What makes the air travelers most frustrated at the airport?A. The limited overhead bin space for bags.B. The number of

39、bags they carry onboardC. The long line at the baggage claim.D. The extra fee they have to pay for carry-ons.解析：Bo根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞frustrated可以定位到文章第一段。得知：讓乘客最為頭痛 的就是安檢和登機(jī)的時(shí)候攜帶過多的行。故答案為 B。(三 ) 詞義猜測(cè)題詞義猜測(cè)是指在閱讀理解中， 考生需要根據(jù)上下文的意思和自己所學(xué)的容去推測(cè)不熟悉或者陌生的詞匯或者短語的大意， 要求考生就詞匯或者短語找出近義詞或者合理的解釋說明。詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：(1) 考查考生熟悉詞匯的生僻含義

40、，即很多詞匯考生了解其通常含義，但是在具體的情境和語境之中，詞匯會(huì)有一些不常用的陌生意義。(2) 考查考生對(duì)指代詞的理解，例如文章中所出現(xiàn)的 it, this, that 等指代詞，考查 這些詞匯所指代的意思。(3) 考查考生通過對(duì)其近義詞、反義詞甚至是修飾詞的理解去猜測(cè)詞匯意思。(4)考查考生理解文中俚語、諺語的意思。1、詞義猜測(cè)題常見設(shè)問方式The word “” in the passage means.The word ” (Line )could be best replaced by.According to the passage, the word” is referred t

41、o as.As used in the passage, thphrase "” suggests.The sentence ".” means that.The sentence "” can be paraphrased as.What does the sentence“” mean?What does the sentence“” imply?The word “it ” (Line)refers to.The word“one” couldebset rbeplaced buy which of the following words?Which of

42、the following is nearest in meaning toThe term “” in paragraph can be best replaced by2、詞義猜測(cè)題答題技巧(1) 可根據(jù)所考查詞匯與整篇文章主旨的關(guān)系來猜測(cè)，與主題基調(diào)和意義相近或者相符合的，通常就是詞匯的適當(dāng)解釋。(2) 通過文章中對(duì)詞匯或者短語的定義和解釋來猜測(cè)語義。在閱讀中，有的所考詞匯作者會(huì)對(duì)其進(jìn)行定義或者解釋說明， 這樣考生就能夠直接的正確理解詞匯的意思。(3) 利用文章中的同義詞和反義詞來猜測(cè)語義。在很多情況下，考生可以通過理解所考詞匯的同義詞或者反義詞，來判斷詞匯的意思。(4) 通過邏輯關(guān)系來

43、猜測(cè)語義。上下文的邏輯關(guān)系是個(gè)很好的推理依據(jù)，根據(jù)上下文的因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、論證關(guān)系、遞進(jìn)關(guān)系和對(duì)比關(guān)系等，來確定詞匯語義。(5) 利用某系詞綴可以猜測(cè)詞語的意思?？忌枰莆粘Ｒ姷那熬Y和后綴，例如看到 un, im, in, ab 等開頭的詞匯，通常就是表示反義的意思。For example:2012年省專升本閱讀試題 Passage Thre沖第12題：We covet (垂涎)their food, their wine and their ability to stay slim while consuming both but should we be admiring the F

44、rench for their parenting skills, as well?In her very buzzy new book, “ BringingUp Bebe, ” American mom and Paris resident Pamela Druckerman makes the argument that the French have a leg up on rearing their children.“There s something aboeutwthay the French parent that makes it less of a grind and m

45、ore of a pleasure, ” wDriutecskerman, a former Wall Street Journal reporter.She cites a 2009 study finding mothers in Ohio think caring for their children is far less pleasant than mothers in Rennes, France.What exactly do French parents do that s so different from American parents? A few examples:T

46、eaching kids patience and self-control through delayed gratification: French parents teach their children to wait for what they want from an early age for a few minutes, usually instead of immediately giving into kids demands.“ I m now convinced that the secret of why French rkaidresly whine or coll

47、apse into tantrums （發(fā)脾氣）-or at least do so less than American kids is that they've developed theinternal resources to cope with frustration, Druckerman” writes.Sleep training often begins at birth: In France, babies are expected to be sleepingthrough the night by the time they re four months old

48、. Parents don t ignore their babies cries but they do pause before responding to them.“ French parents believe it s their job to gently teach babies to sleep well, writes. “They don t view being up half the nitghhat nwieight-month-old as a sign of parental commitment. ”They don gt ive in to guilt ov

49、er spending time away from their kids: French women believe that“unithe alsthy for mothers and children to spend all their timetogether.Children -even babies andtoddlers get to cultivate their inner lives without a mother s constant interference. ”12. The underlined words “ have a leg up ” in Paragr

50、aph 2 probably means .A. offer helpB. gain advantageC. act fastD. stand up解析：B 。根據(jù)短語中的up 一詞，就可以推測(cè)其意思應(yīng)該是正面積極的。由第一段的最后一句 should we be admiring the French for their parenting skills, as well?我們是否也該羨慕法國(guó)人養(yǎng)育子女的能力？有下文可知法國(guó)人在養(yǎng)育子女方面是有很多優(yōu)勢(shì)的，故答案B 符合。(四 ) 推理判斷題推理判斷題是要求考生通過閱讀完文章后， 根據(jù)所讀容、 文章主旨、 邏輯分析以及文化背景等對(duì)所考查容進(jìn)行推

51、敲和判斷， 從而理解作者的想表達(dá)的深層含義。閱讀理解中涉及推理判斷的面很廣泛， 凡是沒有明確表達(dá)的意思， 屬于字里行間隱含的意思都屬于推理的圍。 這部分題往往出題量較大， 難度較大， 錯(cuò)誤率 也比較高，考生在做這類題時(shí)首先要盡量避免其他項(xiàng)的干擾。1、推理判斷題常見設(shè)問方式The passage implies / suggests / shows that .It is implied / suggested / indicated in the passage that .It can be inferred / seen /concluded from the passage that .

52、The author implies / suggests / indicates that .We can learn / conclude from the passage that .Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?Which of the following conclusions could best be drawn from the passage?Based on the passage, we can assume / presume that .The writer implies but n

53、ot directly states that .2、推理判斷題答題技巧(1) 推理和判斷題一般都會(huì)根據(jù)全文主題的背景，所以考生在做推理判斷題的時(shí)候， 一定要注意選項(xiàng)的含義應(yīng)該與全文的基調(diào)保持一致。 基于原文合適的推理和深刻的理解都有可能是正確的詮釋，反而那種照抄原文的通常不會(huì)是正確的選項(xiàng)。(2) 在選項(xiàng)中用詞過于絕對(duì)的，一般不會(huì)是答案(3) 推理判斷的原文大多數(shù)會(huì)是對(duì)某一論點(diǎn)的論證或者進(jìn)一步的說明，所以在分析推斷的時(shí)候可以反復(fù)去理解主要的論點(diǎn)。(4) 語義轉(zhuǎn)折的地方仍會(huì)是出題點(diǎn)，著重注意。For example:2012年省專升本閱讀試題 Passage Tw井第8題：Lloyd Slocu

54、m was unemployed for 18 months, but like hundreds of thousands of Americans, he s workinargt ptime this holiday shopping season, unloading trucks and stocking shelves for a Bealls store in Port St. Lucie, Fla.“ It gives you something to look forward to,” says Slocum, 29.He plans to use cash to buy h

55、is father a Christmas present and hopes to move on to a full-time position with Bealls/Burke s stores, a Sunbelt chain.Black Friday, the official start of holiday shopping heat, also kicks off the less-celebrated season of the part-time worker. Retailers 零售商）alone are hiring about 500,000 seasonal e

56、mployees this year, most of whom are part time,according to the National Retail Federation. Retailers recent shift to opening on Thanksgiving ormidnight on Black Friday has intensified the need for part-time workers.Holiday jobs offer financial and emotional lifeline for many of the nation sjobless.

57、 They also point up a troubling reality: A near-record number of Americans are working part time throughout the year, even though they would prefer full-time jobs.It is not just because of the recession （經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退） . Economists cite a broader, longer-term shift toward part-time work as employers cut expenses and more precisely match staffing with ups and downs of customer demand.The number of part-timers who really want full-time positions so-calledinvoluntary part-time employees has risen from 8.4 million in January to 8.9 millionlast month, according to the Bureau of Labor Statis