1、定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯I 英漢對(duì)比 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃這就是那只捕殺了老鼠的貓。老鼠偷吃了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克蓋的。了放在屋里的蛋糕。屋子是杰克蓋的。 限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句-修飾限定修飾限定 Teachers who are kind are po

2、pular with the students. 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句-補(bǔ)充解釋補(bǔ)充解釋 Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系先行詞和關(guān)系詞的關(guān)系1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.3.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.4.The school where I study is

3、 far from my home.the machine = thatthe boy =whothe boys =whosein the school = where關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞whose實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格實(shí)際上是先行詞的所有格關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞關(guān)系副詞實(shí)際上是介詞先行詞II 定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯 1.前置法前置法 The points which professor Smith stressed in his speech are worth paying attention to. 史密斯教授在發(fā)言中強(qiáng)調(diào)的那幾點(diǎn)值得特別注意。

4、 常常是將關(guān)系詞省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修飾詞之前 The car whose engine was out of order has been repaired. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)出故障的那輛車已經(jīng)修好了。 In the room where the electronic is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間里，不能有一點(diǎn)兒灰塵。 多用于簡(jiǎn)短的限定性定語(yǔ)從句，少數(shù)簡(jiǎn)短的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 Yesterday I saw a very good movie, which was about American Indepe

5、ndent. 昨天我看了一部關(guān)于美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的關(guān)于美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的好影片。 2.后置法后置法 They are striving for the ideal which is cherished by every Chinese. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)這個(gè)理想理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍視的。 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能夠燃燒并放出熱量。 譯成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，視情況可譯出關(guān)系詞所指代的內(nèi)容 多用于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中多用于非限制性

6、定語(yǔ)從句中 This type of meter（儀表） is called a multimeter，which is used to measure electricity. 這種儀表稱為萬(wàn)用表，用來(lái)測(cè)量電。 Last week I saw Modern Times with Charles Chaplin playing the leading role, which I think one of the most amusing films. ( and I think it) 上周我看了Charles Chaplin 主演的摩登時(shí)代， 我認(rèn)為這這是最有趣的影片之一。 3.融合法融合法

7、 There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。 用于限定性定語(yǔ)從句，突出從句的意義 4.譯成狀語(yǔ)從句譯成狀語(yǔ)從句 注意句子間的邏輯關(guān)系：因果、讓步、目的、條件 You must grasp the concept of “work”（功） which is very important in physics. 你必須掌握“功”的概念，因?yàn)樗谖锢韺W(xué)中很重要。（表示原因） There was something original，independent，about the plan that pleased all of the

8、m. 這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)具一格，因此他們都很喜歡。 （表示結(jié)果） He insisted on buying another house，which he had no use for. 他堅(jiān)持要再買一幢房子，盡管他并無(wú)此需要。（表讓步） She wants to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. 她想寫(xiě)一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這個(gè)事的關(guān)注。（表目的）Exercises 1. This is the place where the workers and peasants Red Army

9、 made the crossing in 1934. 2.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. 3.This is a college of vocational，the students of which are trained to be engineers in construction. 4.After dinner，the four key negotiators resumed their talks，which continued well into the n

10、ight. 5.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays（光線）than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 6.Rubber is a light, elastic, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 7.Electronic computers，which have many advantages，cannot carry out creativ

11、e work and replace man. 8.We have to oil the machine，the friction（摩擦）of which may be greatly reduced. Exercises 1. This is the place where the workers and peasants Red Army made the crossing in 1934. 這就是工農(nóng)紅軍1934年渡江的地方。 2.The force that causes everything to fall toward the ground is called gravity. 使

12、一切東西落向地面的力稱為重力。 3.This is a college of vocational，the students of which are trained to be engineers in construction. 這是一所職業(yè)學(xué)院，該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)建筑工程師。 4.After dinner，the four key negotiators resumed their talks，which continued well into the night. 飯后，四個(gè)主要談判人物繼續(xù)進(jìn)行會(huì)談，一直談到深夜。 5.We know that a cat, whose eyes can

13、 take in many more rays（光線）than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我們知道，貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹煤芮宄?因?yàn)樨埖难劬Ρ任覀內(nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€。 6.Rubber(橡膠) is a light, elastic（有彈性的）, durable and water-resistant material, which makes rubber industry very important. 橡膠是一種質(zhì)輕、富有彈性、經(jīng)久耐用和防水的材料，因此橡膠工業(yè)很重要。 7.Electronic computers，which h

14、ave many advantages，cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。 8.We have to oil the machine，the friction（摩擦）of which may be greatly reduced. 我們必須給機(jī)器加潤(rùn)滑油，以使摩擦大大減少。III 補(bǔ)充 一些后置定語(yǔ)的翻譯 1.現(xiàn)在分詞 On the day following father got up very early. 第二天父親很早就起床了。 The man sittin

15、g at the desk is my uncle. 坐在書(shū)桌旁邊的那個(gè)男人是我的叔叔。 The man who is sitting at the desk is my uncle. That building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那座樓是我們的圖書(shū)館。 That building which is being repaired is our library. 2.過(guò)去分詞 I am interested in everything found. 我對(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一切都很感興趣。 I am interested in everything tha

16、t I found. Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun? 你看過(guò)魯迅寫(xiě)的短篇小說(shuō)嗎? Have you read any short stories that were written by Lu Xun? 3.不定式 He is always the first to come. 他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)的。 The nurse had a lot of patients to look after. 那位護(hù)士有許多病人要照顧。 There are a lot of difficulties for us to overcome. 有許

17、多困難要我們?nèi)タ朔?不定式作后置定語(yǔ)較特殊，翻譯的時(shí)候，一般定語(yǔ)是放在中心語(yǔ)后面 Are you going to the ball to be held tonight? 你打算參加今晚舉行的舞會(huì)嗎? VI 漢英翻譯定語(yǔ)的位置：英語(yǔ)中，單詞，短語(yǔ)，從句等都可作為定語(yǔ)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，單詞放在所修飾的名詞前，短語(yǔ)與從句放其后。 一位和藹的人 a kind man 一些特殊的定語(yǔ)位置some，any， every， no 1) 他想找一個(gè)可靠的人幫助工作。 He wanted to get someone reliable to help in the work. 2) 今天報(bào)上有什么重要的消息嗎？

18、 Is there anything important in todays paper? 3) 咱們到一個(gè)安靜的地方去吧。 Lets go somewhere quiet. 正在睡覺(jué)的男孩 a sleeping boy 一塊壞了的手表 a broken watch 某些分詞用作定語(yǔ)后置的情況 他要求有關(guān)的人員都積極參加這項(xiàng)工作。 He urged those concerned to take an active part in the work. 那些唱歌的人大部分是婦女。 Most of the people singing were women. 正在修建的那座樓是我們的圖書(shū)館。 That building being repaired is our library. 你看過(guò)魯迅寫(xiě)的短篇小說(shuō)嗎? Have you read any short stories that were written by Lu Xun? 西方大國(guó) a western power 一個(gè)承認(rèn)中國(guó)的西方大國(guó) a western power that recognizes China 第一個(gè)承認(rèn)中國(guó)的西方大國(guó) the first western power that recognizes China / to recognize China 譯成從句 這種計(jì)算機(jī)是本公司最新產(chǎn)品,專門(mén)為老年人設(shè)計(jì)