1、v1.0可編輯可修改高中英語語法權威解析目錄：第01章名詞性從句第02章“It ”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解第03章 高中英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象第04章主謂一致第05章動詞不定式第06章倒裝結構第07章定語從句第08章被動語態(tài)第09章祈使句第10章感嘆句第11章疑問句第12章名詞第一章名詞性從句在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句(Noun Clauses )。名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據它在句 中不同的語法功能，名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。一.主語從句主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放

2、在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1. It作形式主語和it引導強調句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。而it引導的強調句則是對句子某一部分進行強調，無論強調的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。51被強調部分指人時也可用who/whom例如：a) It is a pity that you didn' t go to see the film.b) It doesn ' t interest me whether you succeed or not.趣。c) It is in the morning t

3、hat the murder took place.(強調句型)d) It is John that broke the window.2.用it作形式主語的結構It is +名詞+從句It is a fact thatIt is an honor thatIt is common knowledge that(2) It is + 形容詞 + 從句It is natural thatIt is strange thatIt is + 不及物動詞 + 從句It seems thatIt happened thatIt appears that(4) It +過去分詞 +從句It is repo

4、rted thatIt has been proved thatIt is said that3 .主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：(1) if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。你不去看那場電影真可惜。我對你成功與否不感興謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。是John打碎的窗戶。（強調句型）事實是非常榮幸是常識很自然奇怪的是似乎碰巧似乎據報道已證實據說(2) It is said /reported結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.錯誤表達： That President

5、Jiang will visit our school next week is said.(3) It happens/occurs結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.錯誤表達：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.(4) It doesn ' t matter how/whether結構中的主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：It doesn ' t matter whether he is wrong

6、or not.錯誤表達：Whether he is wrong or not doesn ' t matter.(5) 含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。例如：正確表達：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening錯誤表達：Is that will rain in the evening likely4 . what 與that在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別what引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語.賓語.表語，而that則不然。例如：a) What you said yesterday is right.b) That

7、 she is still alive is a consolation二.賓語從句賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞(及物動詞)或介詞之后。1 .作動詞的賓語(1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that通常可以省略)，例如：I heard that be joined the army.我聽說他參軍了。(2) 由what, whether (if)引導的賓語從句，例如：a) She did not know what had happened.b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.能幫我改一下筆記。(

8、3) 動詞+間接賓語+賓語從句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.她不知道發(fā)生了什么。我想知道你是否她對我說她會接受我的邀請。2 .作介詞的賓語，例如:Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.我恐怕我已經犯了一個錯誤。3 .作形容詞的賓語，例如:注意：that引導的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語:worried, sorry,

9、thankful, ashamed,等。也可以將此類詞后的anxious, aware, certain, confident,convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, contentthat從句的看作原因狀語從句。4 . it可以作為形式賓語it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾,特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。例如：We heard it that she would get married next mo

10、nth.我聽說她下個朋就會結婚了。5 .后邊不能直接跟that從句的動詞這類 動詞有 allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。如：正確表達：I admire their winning the match.錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6 .不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞有些動詞不可用于“動詞+間接賓語+ tha

11、t從句"結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：正確表達： He impressed the manager as an honest man.錯誤表達： He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.7 .否定的轉移若主句謂語動詞為 think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的賓語從

12、句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉移到主句謂語上，從句謂 語用肯定式。例如：I don ' t think this dress fits you well.我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。3 .表語從句表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語+連系動詞+表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導表語從句的that?？墒÷浴Ａ硗?，常用的還有 the reason is that 和It is because等結構。例如：1) The question is whether we can make good prep

13、aration in such a short time.2) This is why we can ' t get the support of the people.3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.4 .同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。1 .同位語從句的功能同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內容，一般由 that引導，例

14、如：1） The king ' s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all thepeople.2） The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2 .同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3 .同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別（1）定語從

15、句中的that既代替先行詞，同時以在從句中作某個成分（主語或賓語），而同位語從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當句中任何成分。（2）定語從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質或特征；同位語從句是名詞性的，其功能是對名詞進行補充說明。例如：1） The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2）The news that Tom would go abroad is to

16、ld by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的。）（同位語從句，that在句中不作任何成分）高一英語名詞性從句專項練習1. he does has nothing to do with me.A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If2. The manager came over and asked the customer howA. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come aboutC. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel co

17、me about3. Energy is makes thing work.A. what B. something C. anything D. that4. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will beadmitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as5. This is the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A. there B. in which C. where D. when6. They have

18、no idea at all.A. where he has gone B. where did he goC. which place has he gone D. where has he gone7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient' s fear he would die of thedisease.A. that B. which C. of which D. of that8. The order came the soldiers the small village the next morning.A. that ;

19、had to leave B. that; should leaveC. /; must leave D. when; should leave9. is no possibility Bob can win the first prize in the match.A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether10. The question came up at the meeting we had enough money for our research.A. that B. which C. whether D.

20、 if11. Is he said really trueA. that B. what C. why D. whethermeeting should last two days or three days doesn ' t matter.A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where13. It worried her a bit her hair was turning gray.A. while B. if C. that D. for14.more countries can use natural energy in the future remain

21、s to be seen.A. Whether B. This C. who D. If will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A. What B. That C. Whether D. If16.you don ' t like him is none of my business.A. What B. That C. Who D. Howthe inventions have in common is they have succeeded.A. What; what B. That; that C. w

22、hat; that D. That ; what18 .appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.A. What B. It C. All that D. That19 . It is widely that smoking can cause cancer.A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped20 .caused the accident is still a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. WhereKeys:1 5 ABABC 610 AAB

23、AC 11 15 BBCAB 1620 BCBAA第二章 “It ”用法及其句型和固定搭配講解"It" 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將 it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實詞表達以下概念：指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that ;替代前文中的內容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象二、It用作形式主語替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名 詞置于句尾。It作形式主語的常見句型：1. 代作主語

24、的動詞不定式，其句型為(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.此處 adj. 通常為 描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper,fit

25、, useful, useless, dangerous 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.此處 adj.通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy.例 It's kind of yo

26、u to help me with the problem.(3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型It's no good/use doingIt's (well)worth doingIt's (well)worth one's while doing/to doIt's (well)worth while doing/ to do例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.2. It 替代作主語的從句常見句型(1) It is + noun +從句例 It is no secret that the presi

27、dent wants to have a second term at office.(2) It is adj. +clauseIt's surprising that (should) 竟然It's a pity/shame that(should)竟然例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)(3) It ve

28、rb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clauseIt+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.)(4) It verb (to sb.) that = sb/sth verb to do(verb = appear, seem, co

29、me about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out)例 It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.)(5) It is v-ed that 二sb/sth is to do(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, under

30、stand, know)例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.)(6) It is v-ed that (should)(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 三、It作主語的句型1. It takes sb. to do

31、(=sb takes to do)某人用多長時間做某事例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend our roof.)2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do(不)像某人做某事的風格例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.3. It's (about/high) time thatshould/v-ed是該做某事的時候了例 It's(about/high) time that we shou

32、ld take action.4. It's the x-th time (that) have v-ed 第幾次做某事了例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.5. It is/has been since continuous v-ed(延續(xù)性動詞)某動作已有多長時間不發(fā)生了例 It's 10 years that he lived here6. It was(not) before過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了例 It was not long before they arrived.四、

33、It作形式賓語用來替代作賓語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作賓語的從句、動詞不定 式、動名詞置于句尾。It作形式賓語的常見句型：1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep )例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own.2. verb+it+adj./nou

34、n (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep )例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unn

35、ecessary/natural/essential that (should)verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that(should) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep)例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.4. verb + it+ as+ noun/adj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)例 The lect

36、urer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend hislecture.5. v. +it + prep. + thatowe it to sb. that把歸功于leave it to sb that把留給某人去做take it for granted that想當然keep it in mind thatenjoy, like,賓語從句例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.6. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的動詞后面，尤其

37、是表示好惡的動詞后,love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to緊跟it之后例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.7. It用在不能直接跟賓語從句的介詞后面，賓語從句緊跟 it之后（except that例外）例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.五、強調句型It is/was+被強調部分+ that（who） 強調句型用來強調謂語動詞以外的任何句子成分。當被強調部分是

38、人時也可以用who,在使用強調句型時需注意以下幾點：1. 請注意強調句型的特殊疑問句例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity2. 在強調原因狀語從句時，只能強調由because所引導的從句例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.3. 在強調notuntil結構時必須把not與until 一起放到被強調的位置上例 It was not until she took off her dark glass

39、es that I realized she was my brother.強調句型）4. 注意強調句型與定語從句的區(qū)別例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.(It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定語從句)六、It常用的固定搭配1. make it(1) .在口語當中相當于 succeed,表示：成功、做到、說定、趕上、及時到達例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.(2) . 在口語中相當于

40、 fix the date for,表示“約定好時間”例 Shall we meet next week OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. as it is(1) . 相當于in fact, in reality 表示“事實上，實際情況是”例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.(2) .相當于方式狀語從句，表示“照原樣”例 Leave the table as it is.3. as it

41、 were相當于 as one might say, that is to say,表示 “也就是說,可以說，換句話說”例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.4. if it weren't for/if it hadn't been for用來引導虛擬語氣，相當于without, or but for, 表示“如果不是,要不是”例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.5. that's it(1) . 相當于That's all.

42、 That's so much.表示“至此為止，沒有別的了”例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.(2) . 相當于That's right. 表示“對啦”例 一I guess the key to the problem is thechoice"A"6. catch it一That's it.在口語中，相當于 be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong.示“因做錯事而挨罵，受責備，受批評，受懲罰”例 We'll really catch it

43、 form our teacher if we're late for class again.7. have it(1) . 相當于say, insist 表示“說，主張，表明，硬說”例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2) . 相當于get to know something, 表示“了解，知道，獲悉“例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.8. have what it takes在口語中，相當于 be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件”例

44、 You can take it from methat your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9. so it seems / appears.10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相當于 go on,表示“繼續(xù)做，不放棄”例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.11. Go it! (Go on!)拼命干，莽撞12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)13. Now you'll catch it! (

45、You'll be punished.)14. As it happened, 在口語中，相當于 it's a pity that ，表示"真不湊巧，真遺憾”例 As it happened, they were out.15. As it turned out,在口語中，相當于 it was found to be in the end,表示“最后被證明是”例 As it turned out, his statement was false.16. Such as it is(they are)在 口語中,相當于 although it may not be wo

46、rthmuch,表示“雖然沒有多大價值”例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.17. Take it/things easy.相當于 Don't worry or don't hurry.用來勸告別人，表示“不要慌，別擔心，存住氣”例 Take it easy! He will do it well.18. Take it from me.在口語中，相當于 believe me what I say. 表示“請相信我的話，我敢擔保”例 You can take it from me that he will make

47、it this time.19. For what it is worth 在口語中,相當于 although I'm not sure it's of value, 表示“不管其價值如何”例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.20. Worth it 在口語中，相當于 useful, 表示“有好處，值得做”例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”例 Believe it or

48、 not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22. Take it or leave it. v.要么接受要么放棄例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語中，相當于 it hasn't been decided yet,表示“那得看情況，還沒有定下來”例 Are you going to the countryside for holidayIt/That all depends.24. I

49、t's up to sb.在口語中，相當于 it's decided by sb. 表示"由決定，由負責，取決于”例 Shall we go out for dinner It's up to you.“It ”用法及其句型和固定搭配專練1. Was it during the Second World War he diedwhich (88)2. Is necessary to complete the design before National Day(89)3. I don't think possible to master a forei

50、gn language without much memory work.(91)matter if he can't finish the job on time(91)5. It was not she took off her glasses I realized she was a famous filmstar.,that , that , that , then (92)6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected to be much better.(93)7. It was not until 1920 regu

51、lar radio broadcasts began.(94)8.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(95)9. It was only when I reread this poems recently I began to appreciate theirbeauty.(97)10. I hate when people talk with their mouths full.(98)11. It is the ability to do the job matters not whe

52、re you come from or whatyou are.(2000)like in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004)A. this B. that C. it D. one13. Do you like hereOh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全國卷)A. this B. These C. That D. it14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen.

53、So Peter made from some wood.（全國卷）A. it B. One C. Himself D. another15. The foreign Minister said, " our hope that the two sides will work towards peace."（2004 北京）A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is16.is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.

54、 （2004 北京）A. It B. As C. That D. What17. - How often do you eat out（2004, 天津）, but usually once a week.A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking18. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite as planed. （2004浙江卷）A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up19. 一 Wh

55、at do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear that20. It was back home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he goB. until midnight that he didn't go

56、C. not until midnight that he wentD. until midnight when he didn't goKEYS:1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC第三章高中英語語法中的省略現(xiàn)象在英語語言中，為了使語言簡潔明了，重點突出或上下文緊密相連，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不變，這種語言現(xiàn)象稱之為省略?，F(xiàn)就英語中的種種省略現(xiàn)象分析如下：一、并列復合句中的省略在并列句中后邊的分句可以省略與前邊分句中相同的成分。如：a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (

57、the boy ) handed it to a policeman.這個男孩在馬路上拾起一枚硬幣并把他交給了警察。b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建議使我高興但使湯姆生氣。c) Tommust have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.湯姆肯定一直在打籃球，瑪麗一直在寫作業(yè)。d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于 1959年，傅彪出生于 1963年。二、主從復合句中的省略1 .狀語從句中的省略一般說來省略現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在下列五種狀語