1、School of Foreign LanguagesSchool of Foreign LanguagesOrigin and Growth of Marine TransportationlOriginated in Europe in the 14th century. lEarliest global insurance organization: The Lloyds(勞合社) in London in 1871.lChinas marine insurance was made by PICC in 1949.The Main Insurance Company for Marin

2、e Transport Insurance in China: Companies:Parties Involved投保人投保人 insured 即受益人即受益人 （FOB/CFR: seller，CIF: Seller-buyer）承保人承保人 insurer/underwriter 即保險(xiǎn)公司即保險(xiǎn)公司保額保額 insured amount/value 即可獲賠償金額。即可獲賠償金額。保費(fèi)保費(fèi) insurance premium 投保開銷投保開銷保險(xiǎn)合同保險(xiǎn)合同 insurance policy 保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的 subject of insurance School of Foreign

3、 LanguagesAgendaFundamental Principles of Cargo InsuranceThe Insurable Interest Principle 可保利益原則The Utmost Good Faith Principle 最大誠(chéng)信原則The Indemnity Principle 賠償原則The Proximate Cause Principle 近因原則The Subrogation Principle 代位求償原則The Share Principle 分擔(dān)原則School of Foreign LanguagesnPerilsnLosses1.Expen

4、ses sustainedSchool of Foreign LanguagesnPerils 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)nRefer to risks which occur at sea, or at the place where the ocean and land, or the ocean and the inland river, or the ocean and the lighter (駁船) are connected. nGeneral perils of the seanExtraneous risksSchool of Foreign LanguagesnGeneral perils

5、of the sea海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)nNatural CalamitiesnFortuitous AccidentsSchool of Foreign LanguagesnNatural Calamities自然災(zāi)害自然災(zāi)害Are caused by the forces resulting from the changes of nature, e.g., vile weather (惡劣天氣), thunder (雷), lightning (閃電), tsunami (海嘯), earthquake, flood, etc.School of Foreign LanguagesnFort

6、uitous Accidents 意外災(zāi)害意外災(zāi)害Include accidents resulting from unexpected causes, the carrying conveyance being grounded (擱淺), stranded (觸礁), or in collision with floating ice (和漂冰相撞) or other objects, as well as fire or explosion.nGeneral Extraneous Risks:一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)include theft, fresh or rain water d

7、amage, shortage, leakage(滲漏), breakage, sweating and heating(受潮受熱), intermixture and contamination (玷污), odour (串味), hook damage, breakage of packing, rusting (銹損), etc.nSpecial Extraneous Risks: 特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)such as War, Strikes, Failure to Deliver, etc.School of Foreign Languages風(fēng)險(xiǎn)風(fēng)險(xiǎn) Perils海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)海上風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

8、General Perils of the sea自然災(zāi)害自然災(zāi)害Natural calamities意外事故意外事故Fortuitous accidents外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Extraneous risks一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)General extraneous risks特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)特殊外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Special extraneous risksSchool of Foreign LanguagesnOcean Losses 海上損失海上損失, 簡(jiǎn)稱海損簡(jiǎn)稱海損nRefer to the direct or indirect losses of the insured subject mat

9、ter during the voyage owing to the perils of the sea.nTotal lossnPartial lossnActual Total Loss (實(shí)際全損實(shí)際全損) nConstructive Total Loss (推定全損推定全損): Although the cargo is not totally lost, however the actual total loss of cargo is inevitable or the cost of salvage (搶救) or recovery (恢復(fù)) could have exceede

10、d the anticipated amount of profit or actual value of the cargo. Practices: Actual or constructive total Loss？n載貨船舶沉入深海無法打撈n標(biāo)的受損后修復(fù)費(fèi)用超過修復(fù)后的價(jià)值n茶葉經(jīng)水浸泡失去原有價(jià)值n標(biāo)的受損后整理和繼續(xù)運(yùn)到目的地的價(jià)值將超過貨物到達(dá)目的地的價(jià)值 n水泥受海水浸泡后變硬n施救費(fèi)用超過獲救后標(biāo)的價(jià)值n戰(zhàn)時(shí)貨物被敵對(duì)國(guó)俘獲作為戰(zhàn)利品分發(fā)殆盡n船舶失蹤、沉沒 Actual Actual Actual Actual Actual Constructive Constructiv

11、e Constructive構(gòu)成全損的情況n我國(guó)海商法第245條規(guī)定，實(shí)際全損有四種表現(xiàn)形式：（1）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的的實(shí)體損毀和不復(fù)存在。（2）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的完全失去原有形體、效用，即喪 失原有的商業(yè)價(jià)值和使用價(jià)值。（3）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的不能再歸被保險(xiǎn)人所有。（4）船舶失蹤。構(gòu)成推定全損的情況（輔）（1）保險(xiǎn)貨物受損后，修理費(fèi)用估計(jì)要超過貨物修復(fù)后的價(jià)值。（2）保險(xiǎn)貨物受損后，整理和繼續(xù)運(yùn)到目的地的費(fèi)用，將超過貨物到達(dá)目的地的價(jià)值。（3）保險(xiǎn)貨物的實(shí)際全損已經(jīng)無法避免，或者為了避免實(shí)際全損需要施救等所花費(fèi)用，將超過獲救后的標(biāo)的價(jià)值。（4）保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的遭受保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任范圍內(nèi)的事故，使被保險(xiǎn)人失去標(biāo)的所有權(quán)，而收回這一所有權(quán)，

12、其所需費(fèi)用將超過收回后的標(biāo)的價(jià)值。School of Foreign LanguagesnGeneral Average (共同海損) nParticular Average (單獨(dú)海損)School of Foreign LanguagesnParticular Average (單獨(dú)海損單獨(dú)海損)Means that a cargo is damaged by any cause and the degree of damage does not reach a total loss, i.e., only a partial loss.Shall be borne by the indi

13、vidual owner of this consignment. 指保險(xiǎn)標(biāo)的在海上遭受“承保范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)承保范圍內(nèi)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”所造成的部分滅失或損害，即指除共同海損以外的部分損失。School of Foreign LanguagesnGeneral Average (共同海損共同海損)Refers to part of the cargo or vessel has to be sacrificed for the purpose of saving the ship and its cargo in face of a danger.Conditions to form uponSchool

14、 of Foreign Languages海上損失海上損失Ocean Losses全部損失全部損失Total Loss實(shí)際全損實(shí)際全損Actual Total Loss推定全損推定全損Constructive Total Loss部分損失部分損失Partial Loss共同海損共同海損General Average單獨(dú)海損單獨(dú)海損Particular AverageSchool of Foreign Languagesa) Sue and labor charges 施救費(fèi)用 包括被保險(xiǎn)人極其代理人、雇傭人員和受讓人所支出的費(fèi)用b）Salvage charges 救助費(fèi)用 Made by th

15、e third party 如其他船舶n有一貨輪在航行中與流冰相撞。船身一側(cè)裂口，海水涌進(jìn)，艙內(nèi)部分貨物遭浸泡，船長(zhǎng)不得不將船就近駛上淺灘，進(jìn)行排水，修補(bǔ)裂口。爾后為了起浮又將部分笨重貨物拋入海中。請(qǐng)問這一連串的損失都是單獨(dú)海損嗎？ n分析：不全是單獨(dú)海損。在上述損失中只有船體撞裂和部分貨物遭浸泡屬于單獨(dú)海損，將船只駛上淺灘以及而產(chǎn)生的一系列損失均屬共同海損。 1) “General” or “Particular” Average ?Practices: n一貨輪裝運(yùn)棉布，航程中起火，甲艙一貨主的棉布被全部燒毀，乙艙并未著火，船長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為已著火，命灌水施救，結(jié)果棉布發(fā)生嚴(yán)重水漬。請(qǐng)問，甲艙、乙艙

16、的損失各為何種性質(zhì)的海損，為什么？ n分析：按照海損性質(zhì)，并參照保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)的習(xí)慣，甲艙棉布全部燒毀，屬實(shí)際全損實(shí)際全損。n乙艙棉布未著火，無單獨(dú)海損可言，該棉布嚴(yán)重水漬，并非確有危及船貨共同安全的危險(xiǎn)存在（并未著火），船長(zhǎng)命灌水施救的行為并不是合理的，而屬船長(zhǎng)判斷錯(cuò)誤造成，因此該項(xiàng)損失不屬共同海損不屬共同海損，該項(xiàng)損失只能由船方負(fù)責(zé)。 2) Total loss? Partial Loss? GA or PA?n貨輪在海上航行時(shí)，某艙發(fā)生火災(zāi)，船長(zhǎng)命令灌水施救，撲滅大火后，發(fā)現(xiàn)紙張已燒毀一部分，未燒毀的部分，因灌水后無法使用，只能作為紙漿處理，損失原價(jià)值的80%。另有印花棉布沒有燒毀但水漬損失，

17、其水漬損失使該布降價(jià)出售，損失該貨價(jià)值的20%。n請(qǐng)問紙張損失的80%，棉布損失20%，都是部分損失嗎？為什么？ 2) Partial loss or total loss?2) Partial loss or total loss? (續(xù)續(xù))n分析：根據(jù)保險(xiǎn)公司的規(guī)定，第一種情況，即紙張的損失80%，應(yīng)屬于實(shí)際全損；第二種情況下，印花棉布的損失20%，則屬于部分損失。3) Which kind of loss it is?n如有一臺(tái)價(jià)值10萬美元的精密儀器，在海運(yùn)途中損害，經(jīng)專家檢測(cè)，若要修理，修理費(fèi)用達(dá)11萬美元，若把其零件拆下，可賣到2萬美元。請(qǐng)問此機(jī)器的損壞屬于哪種損失？ 屬于推定全損

18、（Constructive Total Loss）,即可向保險(xiǎn)公司申請(qǐng)賠償。保險(xiǎn)公司核定事故在保險(xiǎn)承保范圍內(nèi)，給予全損的賠償，同時(shí)保險(xiǎn)公司取得該儀器的所有權(quán)。nIntroductionChina Insurance Clauses 中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)條款中國(guó)保險(xiǎn)條款 Institute Cargo Clauses (ICC) （英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款（英國(guó)保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款School of Foreign Languages * 現(xiàn)行的CIC是由PICC于1982年制訂的，包括海、陸、空和郵包運(yùn)輸四部分。 英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)制定的英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)制定的ICC條款影響較大，涉條款影響較大，涉及許多

19、國(guó)家的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。最早制訂于及許多國(guó)家的保險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。最早制訂于1912年。年。 PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses PICC海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款 目前，我國(guó)通常采用中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司目前，我國(guó)通常采用中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司1981年年1月月1日生效的貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款為依據(jù)。但有時(shí)國(guó)日生效的貨物運(yùn)輸保險(xiǎn)條款為依據(jù)。但有時(shí)國(guó)外客戶要求按照英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條外客戶要求按照英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款（款（ICC Clause）為準(zhǔn)，我方也可以通融接受。為準(zhǔn)，我方也可以通融接受。School of Foreign LanguagesPICC Ocean

20、Marine Cargo Clauses PICC海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款School of Foreign LanguagesPICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses PICC海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款nScope of cover 險(xiǎn)別1.Commencement and Termination of Cover 保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任起訖 School of Foreign LanguagesPICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses PICC海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款School of Foreign Langua

21、gesPICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses PICC海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款海洋運(yùn)輸貨物保險(xiǎn)條款nAlso called main insurance which may be underwritten independently.nFree from Particular Average (F.P.A.)nWith Particular Average (W.P.A. or W.A.)nAll Risksa) Free from Particular Average (F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)nTotal loss or constructive total loss

22、 of the whole consignment hereby insured caused in the course of transit by natural calamities, such as vile weather, thunder etc. 在運(yùn)輸過程中,由于自然災(zāi)害造成被保險(xiǎn)貨物的實(shí)際全損或推定全損 nTotal or partial loss caused by fortuitous accidents, such as the carrying vessel being grounded, stranded, sunk, etc. 由于運(yùn)輸工具遭遇擱淺、觸礁、沉沒、互

23、撞與流冰或其他物體碰撞以及失火、爆炸等意外事故造成被保險(xiǎn)貨物的全部或部分損失。School of Foreign LanguagesnPartial loss caused by vile weather, lightning and/or Tsunami, etc. where the conveyance has been grounded, stranded, sunk or burnt, irrespective of whether the event or events take place before or after such accidents. 只要運(yùn)輸工具曾經(jīng)發(fā)生擱淺、

24、觸礁、沉沒、焚毀等意外事故，不論這意外事故發(fā)生之前或者以后曾在海上遭遇惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯等自然災(zāi)害造成的被保險(xiǎn)貨物的部分損失。部分損失。 nTotal or partial loss consequent on falling of entire package or packages into sea during the process of loading, unloading or transshipment. 在裝卸轉(zhuǎn)船過程中，被保險(xiǎn)貨物一件或數(shù)件、整件落海所造成的全部損失或部分損失。a) Free from Particular Average (F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)a)

25、Free from Particular Average (F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)nReasonable expenses the insured makes for the salvage of the goods insured, and for averting or minimizing the losses, provided the expenses do not exceed the insured amount. 被保險(xiǎn)人對(duì)遭受承保責(zé)任內(nèi)危險(xiǎn)的貨物采取搶救、防止或減少貨損的措施而支付的合理費(fèi)用，但以不超過該批被救貨物的保險(xiǎn)金額為限。nExpenses incurred by

26、 discharge of the insured cargoes at a port of distress following a sea peril as well as special charges arising from loading, warehousing at an intermediate port of call or refuge. 運(yùn)輸工具遭遇海難后，需要在中途的港口或避難港口?？?，因而引起的卸貨、裝貨、存?zhèn)}及運(yùn)送貨物所產(chǎn)生的特別費(fèi)用。nSacrifice in and contribution to general average, and salvage ch

27、arges. 發(fā)生共同海損所引起的犧牲、分?jǐn)偤途戎M(fèi)用。nSuch proportion of losses sustained by the ship-owners as is to be reimbursed by the cargo owner under the contract of Affreightment “Both to blame collision” clause. 運(yùn)輸契約訂有“船舶互撞責(zé)任”條款，按該條款規(guī)定應(yīng)由貨方償還船方的損失。a) Free from Particular Average (F.P.A.)平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn) 平安險(xiǎn)承保責(zé)任范圍的特點(diǎn)較為明顯的體現(xiàn)在前三

28、項(xiàng)責(zé)任上，可以歸結(jié)如下： 平安險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)賠償被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于海上自然災(zāi)害所造成的全部損失，由于海上意外事故所造成的全部損失或部分損失，在海上意外事故發(fā)生前后，由于自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。思考：思考： “平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)”（ Free from Particular Average），原意為），原意為 “單獨(dú)海損不賠單獨(dú)海損不賠”。 若將英文直接譯為若將英文直接譯為“ 單獨(dú)海損不賠單獨(dú)海損不賠”名符其實(shí)么？名符其實(shí)么？School of Foreign Languagesb) With Particular Average (W.P.A. or W.A.)水漬險(xiǎn)It covers partial los

29、s due to vile weather, lightning, tsunami, earthquake and/or flood as well as the risks covered under F.P.A. condition as mentioned above. 水漬險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍除了包括上列“平安險(xiǎn)”的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任外，還負(fù)責(zé)被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于惡劣氣候、雷電、海嘯、地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失。n 水漬險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)賠償被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于海上自然水漬險(xiǎn)負(fù)責(zé)賠償被保險(xiǎn)貨物由于海上自然災(zāi)害所造成的全部或部分損失，由于海上災(zāi)害所造成的全部或部分損失，由于海上意外事故所造成的全部損失或部分損失。意外事

30、故所造成的全部損失或部分損失。 “水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)”（With Particular Average）英文原意為）英文原意為“負(fù)負(fù)單獨(dú)海損責(zé)任單獨(dú)海損責(zé)任”，這是什么意思？，這是什么意思？ 為何為何“平安險(xiǎn)平安險(xiǎn)”與與“水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)”要在海上自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)災(zāi)害所要在海上自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)災(zāi)害所造成的部分損失上面進(jìn)行區(qū)分？造成的部分損失上面進(jìn)行區(qū)分？b) With Particular Average (W.P.A. or W.A.)水漬險(xiǎn)School of Foreign Languagesc) All Risks 一切險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)Aside from the risks covered under the F.P.

31、A. and W.A. conditions as above, this insurance also covers all risks of losses or damage to the insured goods whether partial or total, arising from “general external causes” in the course of transit. 一切險(xiǎn)的承保范圍，除平安險(xiǎn)和水漬險(xiǎn)的各項(xiàng)責(zé)任外，還負(fù)責(zé)被保貨物在運(yùn)輸途中由于一般外來原因所造成的全部或部分損失。水漬險(xiǎn)一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所致?lián)p失水漬險(xiǎn)一般外來風(fēng)險(xiǎn)所致?lián)p失School of Foreig

32、n LanguagesnTheft, Pilferage and Non-delivery, (T.P.N.D)偷竊，提貨不著險(xiǎn) nFresh Water and/or Rain Damage 淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)nRisk of Shortage in Weight 短量險(xiǎn)nRisk of Leakage 滲漏險(xiǎn)nRisk of Intermixture and Contamination 混雜、沾污險(xiǎn)nRisk of clash & breakage 碰損、破碎險(xiǎn)nRisk of Odour 串味險(xiǎn)nSweating and Heating Risk 受潮受熱險(xiǎn)nHook Damage Ri

33、sk 鉤損險(xiǎn)nBreakage of Packing Risk包裝破裂險(xiǎn)nRisk of Rust 銹損險(xiǎn)特殊附加險(xiǎn)特殊附加險(xiǎn)nFailure to Deliver Risk交貨不到險(xiǎn)交貨不到險(xiǎn)nImport Duty Risk 進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)進(jìn)口關(guān)稅險(xiǎn)nOn Deck Risk 艙面險(xiǎn)艙面險(xiǎn)nRejection Risk 拒收險(xiǎn)拒收險(xiǎn)nAflatoxin Risk 黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)黃曲霉素險(xiǎn)nSurvey in customs risk 海關(guān)檢驗(yàn)險(xiǎn)海關(guān)檢驗(yàn)險(xiǎn)nSurvey at jetty risk 碼頭碼頭nStrike, riot and civil commotion (SRCC) 罷工險(xiǎn)罷工險(xiǎn)

34、nWar Risk 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)nContingency insurance “cover sellers interest only” 賣方利益險(xiǎn)賣方利益險(xiǎn)School of Foreign LanguagesnBasic Insurance 基本險(xiǎn)承保責(zé)任的起訖 “W/W” clause: “倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款”nCover pre-shipment and post-shipment risks 保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任自被保險(xiǎn)貨物運(yùn)離保險(xiǎn)單所載明的起運(yùn)地倉(cāng)庫(kù)或儲(chǔ)存處所開始運(yùn)輸時(shí)生效。包括正常運(yùn)輸過程中的海上，陸上，內(nèi)河和駁船運(yùn)輸在內(nèi)，直到該項(xiàng)貨物到達(dá)保險(xiǎn)單所載明目的地收貨人的最后倉(cāng)庫(kù)或儲(chǔ)存處所為止。 Scho

35、ol of Foreign Languages“W/W” clause: “倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款倉(cāng)至倉(cāng)條款”nAn overriding time limit of sixty days after the completion of discharge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at the final port of discharge. 但被保險(xiǎn)的貨物在最后到達(dá)卸載港卸離海輪后，保險(xiǎn)責(zé)任以60天為限。 IV. Insurance practices1.Choose the appropriate coveragen糧谷類糧谷類n食品

36、類食品類n酒、飲料酒、飲料n毛絨、紡織類毛絨、紡織類n木材、車輛木材、車輛n陶瓷、玻璃制品陶瓷、玻璃制品n家電家電 一切險(xiǎn)/ 水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)短量險(xiǎn)受潮受熱險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)/ 平安險(xiǎn)TPND包裝破裂險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)/ 平安險(xiǎn)TPND碰損和破碎險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)/ 水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)混雜和玷污險(xiǎn) 平安險(xiǎn)艙面險(xiǎn)一切險(xiǎn)/ 平安險(xiǎn)TPND碰損和破碎險(xiǎn) 一切險(xiǎn)/ 水漬險(xiǎn)水漬險(xiǎn)TPND碰損和破碎險(xiǎn)2. Can seller get compensated?n我方以CFR貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)出口貨物一批，在從出口公司倉(cāng)庫(kù)運(yùn)到碼頭的待運(yùn)過程中，貨物發(fā)生損失，該損失應(yīng)由何方負(fù)責(zé)？如買方已經(jīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司辦理了保險(xiǎn)，保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)該項(xiàng)損失是否給予賠償？n均由我方自己承

37、擔(dān)。因?yàn)樵贑FR條件下，賣方承擔(dān)裝船前的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和費(fèi)用。在本案中雖然由買方投保，但賣方并不是保險(xiǎn)單的合法受益人，不能向保險(xiǎn)公司提出索賠。而買方在貨物裝船前不對(duì)貨物享有所有權(quán)，對(duì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不承擔(dān)責(zé)任，也不會(huì)獲得賠償。Case studies 1:n我方向澳大利亞出口坯布100包。我方按合同規(guī)定加一成投保水漬險(xiǎn)。貨在海運(yùn)途中因艙內(nèi)食用水管食用水管漏水，致使該批坯布中的30包浸有水漬。請(qǐng)問對(duì)此損失應(yīng)向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠還是向船公司索賠？ n答：因投保的是水漬險(xiǎn)，水漬險(xiǎn)只對(duì)海水浸漬負(fù)責(zé)而對(duì)淡水所造成的損失不負(fù)責(zé)任。所以本例不能向保險(xiǎn)公司索賠，但可憑清潔提單向船公司進(jìn)行交涉。 Case studies 2：n例1：

38、某外貿(mào)公司按ClF術(shù)語(yǔ)出口一批貨物，裝運(yùn)前已向保險(xiǎn)公司按發(fā)票總值110%投保平安險(xiǎn);6月初貨物裝妥順利開航。載貨船舶于6月13日在海上遇到暴風(fēng)雨，致使一部分貨物受到水漬，損失價(jià)值為2100美元。數(shù)日后，該輪又突然觸礁，致使該批貨物又遭到部分損失，價(jià)值為8000美元。保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)該批貨所受的兩項(xiàng)損失都應(yīng)該予以賠償么？n解釋：根據(jù)中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司海運(yùn)貨物保險(xiǎn)條款平安險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任范圍第二條和第三條的規(guī)定，觸礁受損的8 000美元，是運(yùn)輸工具遇到意外事故造成的部分損失，保險(xiǎn)公司負(fù)責(zé)賠償。n遇暴風(fēng)雨受損的2100美元，是在運(yùn)輸過程中由于自然災(zāi)害造成的部分損失，又由于該貨物是在觸礁意外事故發(fā)生之前造成的，所以保

39、險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)2100美元亦負(fù)責(zé)賠償。因此，保險(xiǎn)公司對(duì)該批貨物的上述兩項(xiàng)損失都負(fù)責(zé)賠償。 n例3：有批玻璃制品出口，由甲乙兩輪分別載運(yùn)，貨主投保了平安險(xiǎn)，甲輪在航行途中與他船發(fā)生碰撞事故，玻璃制品因此而發(fā)生部分損失，而乙輪卻在航途中遇到暴風(fēng)雨天氣而使玻璃制品相互撞而發(fā)生部分損失，事后，貨主向保險(xiǎn)人提出索賠. n在第一種情況下，由于造成玻璃制品部分損失的原因是船舶在航行途中與他船相撞，這一碰撞意外事故導(dǎo)致的部分損失屬于平安險(xiǎn)的承保責(zé)任范圍，保險(xiǎn)人應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償貨主；n而在第二種情況下，由于造成玻璃制品部分損失的原因不是船舶發(fā)生意外事故而是暴風(fēng)雨襲擊船舶，使之顛簸的結(jié)果，而暴風(fēng)雨屬于自然災(zāi)害，由自然災(zāi)

40、害造成的部分損失不屬平安險(xiǎn)的承保范圍，故而保險(xiǎn)人也就無須承擔(dān)無須承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。nInstitute Cargo Clauses (ICC) 協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款 由英國(guó)倫敦保險(xiǎn)協(xié)會(huì)制定 ,1912 現(xiàn)行ICC1982版 nInstitute Cargo Clauses (ICC) 協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款nInstitute Cargo Clause A ICC（A）nInstitute Cargo Clause B ICC（B）nInstitute Cargo Clause CICC（C）nInstitute War Clause-Cargo (IWCC)nInstitute Strik

41、es Clause-Cargo (ISCC)Malicious Damage Clause 惡意損害險(xiǎn)nSummaryn以上六種保險(xiǎn)條款中，前三種，即以上六種保險(xiǎn)條款中，前三種，即A、B、C是是主險(xiǎn)，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款、罷工險(xiǎn)條款和惡意損害險(xiǎn)主險(xiǎn)，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)險(xiǎn)條款、罷工險(xiǎn)條款和惡意損害險(xiǎn)條款為附加險(xiǎn)。前五種可以單獨(dú)投保，第六種條款為附加險(xiǎn)。前五種可以單獨(dú)投保，第六種不能單獨(dú)投保。不能單獨(dú)投保。 n三種主險(xiǎn)中，三種主險(xiǎn)中，ICC（A）的承保范圍最大，其承的承保范圍最大，其承保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類似我國(guó)的一切險(xiǎn)；保風(fēng)險(xiǎn)類似我國(guó)的一切險(xiǎn)；ICC（B）類似我國(guó)類似我國(guó)的水漬險(xiǎn)；的水漬險(xiǎn)；ICC（C）的承保范圍最小，類似我的承保范

42、圍最小，類似我國(guó)的平安險(xiǎn)，但比平安險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任要小一些。國(guó)的平安險(xiǎn)，但比平安險(xiǎn)的責(zé)任要小一些。 School of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause A ICC（A）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款A(yù)Method: “all risks except exclusions” 協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款A(yù)責(zé)任范圍最廣，采用承保“除外責(zé)任”之外的一切風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的概括式規(guī)定辦法。 School of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause B ICC（B）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款BList all risks that cover

43、ed Exclusions are those mentioned in clause AICC (A)險(xiǎn)講海盜險(xiǎn)列入保險(xiǎn)范圍，而ICC (B)則對(duì)海盜行為不負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。School of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause B ICC（B）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款BnFire, explosion nShip or lighter colliding with rocks (觸礁), running aground (擱淺), sunk or capsized (傾覆)nConveyance overturned(傾覆)or derailed(出

44、軌)nShip, lighter or other conveyance colliding with any external object excluding waterSchool of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause B ICC（B）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款BnLoss or damage due to unloading at the port of refuge (避難港)nLoss of damage due to earthquake, eruption of volcano(火山爆發(fā)), lightning or thunde

45、rnSacrifice in general averagenLoss of the subject matter due to jettison （拋貨）and washing overboardSchool of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause B ICC（B）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款BnLoss of the subject matter due to being plunged into water by waves （浪擊落海）nLoss of the subject matter insured due to water enter

46、ing the ship, lighter, conveyance, container or storage placenTotal loss caused by falling of the entire package or packages into sea during the processes of loading and unloading.School of Foreign LanguagesnInstitute Cargo Clause C ICC（C）協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款協(xié)會(huì)貨物條款CnOnly covers “major casualties”(重大意外事故)n不承?！白匀粸?zāi)害

47、及非重大意外事故”School of International EconomicsnChoosing Insurance CoveragenDetermining insurance Amount and Calculating Insurance PremiumnTo obtain an Insurance Document To lodge a claim4. Insurance Clauses in the Contract formalities for Claim 索賠程序 School of Foreign LanguagesnChoosing Insurance Coverag

48、enQuality and characteristic of the goodsnConveyance and linenChanges of international political and economic situationsnRegularity of damagenPackage conditions of the cargoSchool of Foreign LanguagesnDetermining insurance Amount and Calculating Insurance Premium uThe insurance amount(保額保額) is the h

49、ighest compensation amount undertaken by the insurer, and it is also the foundation for calculating the insurance premium.uThe insurance amount may be marked up by a certain percentage on the basis of the CIF value.School of Foreign LanguagesnThe Formula of Insurance Amount under CIF Terms:nInsuranc

50、e amount = CIF price x (1+ markup percentage)nMarkup percentage（保險(xiǎn)加成率）（保險(xiǎn)加成率） usu. 10% of the CIF valueSchool of Foreign LanguagesnThe insurance premium (保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)), referring to the sum of money paid by the insured, is the basic proceeds (收益) earned by the insurer.School of International EconomicsnThe Fo

51、rmula for Calculating the Premium under CIF Terms:nPremium = CIF price x (1+ markup percentage) x premium rate 計(jì)算題計(jì)算題1： 設(shè)我方以設(shè)我方以50美元美元/袋袋CIF新加坡出口某種新加坡出口某種商品商品1000袋，貨物出口前，由我方向中國(guó)袋，貨物出口前，由我方向中國(guó)人民保險(xiǎn)公司投保水漬險(xiǎn)、串味險(xiǎn)及淡水人民保險(xiǎn)公司投保水漬險(xiǎn)、串味險(xiǎn)及淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)，水漬險(xiǎn)、串味險(xiǎn)及淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)的雨淋險(xiǎn)，水漬險(xiǎn)、串味險(xiǎn)及淡水雨淋險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率分別為保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)率分別為0.6% 、0.2%和和0.3%，按發(fā)票金額按發(fā)票金額110投保，問：該批貨物的投保，問：該批貨物的投保金額和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)各是多少？投保金額和保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)各是多少？ 解：解：投保金額投保金額 CIF總值總值110 501