1、Grammar1 Review of subjects and verbs 1. 主語主語 主語是一句話的中心主語是一句話的中心,相當于句子的主題。相當于句子的主題。 主語通常是由一個名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任的。主語通常是由一個名詞作用的成分擔(dān)任的。 起名詞作用的成分可以是：起名詞作用的成分可以是：名詞名詞、代詞數(shù)詞、代詞數(shù)詞、 不定式、起名詞作用的不定式、起名詞作用的ing形式（動名詞）、詞形式（動名詞）、詞 組、名詞化的其他詞類、名詞性從句。組、名詞化的其他詞類、名詞性從句。Underline the subjectsThe book is about a hero who fought bra

2、vely against the Japanese invaders during the war. _Are there other students absent besides Tom and Jane? _Nouns can be used as subjectsAnybody knows the answer ?It is an unextraordinary experience for me. _Pronouns can be used as subjects.55 of the students in that class are girls._First went to th

3、e Chinese team Numbers can be used as subjectsTo study abroad is my long-term plan._It is not proper to talk so aloud in public. _The infinitives can be used as subjects.Listening to English everyday is very important and helps us a lot._-ing can be used as subjects.Early to bed and early to rise ma

4、kes a man healthy, wealthy and wise._ Friendship first is his principle in dealing with different things._Phrases can be used as subjectsWho will go remains unknown. _It is certain that they have won the match.真正的主語為：真正的主語為：they have won the match.Some points that should be paid attention to 動名詞作主語時

5、，前面可加代詞或名詞所有格動名詞作主語時，前面可加代詞或名詞所有格表示動名詞的邏輯主語：表示動名詞的邏輯主語： Their winning the match is an inspiration to all of us. Janes joining the singing team gave them a surprise.以以there 引導(dǎo)的句子，主語通常放在謂語的后面：引導(dǎo)的句子，主語通常放在謂語的后面： There is nothing to get excited about. There ought to be some team members looking after th

6、e students._在以在以it 作主語的句子中，作主語的句子中，it 有以下功能：有以下功能： 人稱代詞人稱代詞 Look at the new house. Its nice. Its all my fault. 非人稱代詞非人稱代詞 Its raining. Its already 5:30 先行主語先行主語 It is better to be early. Its useful to learn English well It was my brother who saw Mr Jack in China last week. 用于強調(diào)用于強調(diào) 動詞動詞 動詞可在句子中作謂語和非

7、謂語成分：動詞可在句子中作謂語和非謂語成分： I hope to see you soon. I saw a light burning in the window.Having finished my work, I went to bed. I heard the door opened. 助動詞助動詞 基本助動詞：基本助動詞： do(does, did),have (has, had having) be(am, is, are, was, were, been, being)Little did the student understand what he had done.He ha

8、s been learning French for more than five years.Is he reading in the library now?情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞：may(might),can(could),must(had to),ought to , will(would) shall(should) need, dare, used toYou may spend the weekend with granny in London. He cant have been there . In English traffic must keep to the left.Sh

9、e must have finished the work You ought to be lying in bed now. He wont do what he has been told.No one shall stop me. You neednt worry about it. Dare he come again? He used to live in Beijing. 3)連系動詞連系動詞 主要有主要有 : be, appear, become, fall, feel, go, get, grow, keep, look prove, remain, smell, sound, taste, turnHe appeared quite well. The student went pale when he saw the teacher.及物動詞和不及物動詞及物動詞和不及物動詞 Ill contact you as soon as possible.He compared young students to the morning sun. It wont help.(vi) 主動語態(tài)和