1、Grammar 11. Paris is visited by more than million tourists every year.2. The Sagrada Familia was designed by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.3. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures were produced by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.4. The Parthenon was built during this period.5

2、. The World Wide Web was invented in1991 by anEnglish scientists, Tim Berners-Lee. 6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but was not impressed by the older man. 7. This was shown at a local cinema and made $ 100. 8. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.to test your sense of observatio

3、nto test your ability of short-term memory Guess1. Paris _ by more than million tourists every year.2. The Sagrada Familia _by an architect called Antonio Gaudi.3. Florences most beautiful paintings and sculptures _ by great artists such as Leonardo da Vinci.4. The Parthenon _ during this period.is

4、visitedwas designedwere producedwas builtgo Ready?5. The World Wide Web _ in 1991 by an English scientists, Tim Berners-Lee. 6. Beethoven met Haydn in 1791, but _ by the older man. 7. This _ at a local cinema and made $ 100. 8. Athens _as the birthplace of western civilisation.was inventedwas not im

5、pressedwas shownis known What are the differences between the two sentences? Which is emphasized in each sentence？More than eight million tourists visit Paris every year.Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every years. A . Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilisation.B

6、The Parthenon was built during this period.C The bookC The book is writtenis written for teachers.for teachers. Why is the word by not in the Sentences am (is , are ) was ( were) shall ( will) be should (would) be am(is, are) being was (were ) being has (have) been had been shall (will) have been sh

7、ould (would) have been+doneFlorence is visited by about a million tourists each year.London was visited by ten million people last year.The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonado da Vinci.The Mona Lisa wasnt painted by Picasso.The great Wall of China was built by thousands of workers.Check your answers:2N

8、o, it isnt . Its located in Paris.No, it isnt . It is situated on the River Seine.No, it isnt . Its visited by one million tourists every year.No, it isnt. Athens is known as the birthplace of western civilization.No, it isnt . The Parthenon was built 2,400 years ago.Check your answers:31 She sent m

9、e a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday by her. A novel was sent to me on my birthday by her. 2 The story made us laugh.We were made to laugh by the story3 They asked me to help them.I was asked to help them4 We saw them coming over.They were seen coming over.5 We call her RoseShe

10、 is called Rose 6 The workers are building a new bridge. A new bridge is being built(by the workers).7 I can not find my dictionary.My dictionary can not be found by me.change the sentences into passive voicechange the sentences into passive voice注意注意: 有些動(dòng)詞形式上主動(dòng)卻表示被動(dòng)有些動(dòng)詞形式上主動(dòng)卻表示被動(dòng)My pen writes well.

11、 我的筆好使。The cloth washes well. 這個(gè)料子耐洗。The poem reads smoothly.這首詩(shī)讀起來(lái)很流暢。The door will not open. 這扇門打不開(kāi)。The sign reads as follows. 這牌子告示如下 主謂一致主謂一致 Subject - Verb Agreement1. I _ a teacher. You _ my student. He _ my student, too.2. Just like Tom and George, he _ interested in PC games. They _ all inte

12、rested in PC games.3. More than one person _ injured in the accident yesterday.4. My family _ a large one. Now the whole family _ watching the Beijing Olympics.5. Not only the students but also the teacher _ not know how to work out this maths problem.6. The teacher as well as the students _not know

13、 how to work out this maths problem.7. 10,000 years _ too long a time. We must make full use of each day.8. The famous singer and dancer _ visited most of the famous places of interest in our city.9. 70% of the surface of the earth _ covered by water. 10. Two thirds of our class _ from the countrysi

14、de. The rest _ city residents.amareisisarewasisaredoesdoesisisisareare主謂一致三原則主謂一致三原則 形式一致形式一致 意義一致意義一致 就近一致就近一致 一、一、 形式一致形式一致： 1人稱一致：人稱一致：I am-; You are-; He is -等。等。 2單單/復(fù)數(shù)一致：復(fù)數(shù)一致：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(單數(shù)）單數(shù)）+ 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(單數(shù)單數(shù)) 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))+ 謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)(復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù))1）一般情況：）一般情況： Water covers about 70% of the surface of the earth.2) 特殊情況特

15、殊情況例子例子1：Many a teenager _ online games. =Many teenagers _ online games. More than one student _ failed the exam. 要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)1：many a+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞/more than one+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)要用謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式。形式。The teacher as well as the students _ (be) unable to work out the problem. Mike, like his brother, _(enjoy) chess. 要

16、點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)2：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有with，together with，along with，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)等介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與它們前面的主語(yǔ)一致與它們前面的主語(yǔ)一致。 All of us except Tom _ (be) fond of football.例子例子3：Each boy and each girl _ the right to receive education. (have)Every man and every woman _ at work now.(be)要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)3：each/every+單數(shù)

17、名詞單數(shù)名詞+and +each/every+單數(shù)單數(shù)名詞名詞+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單數(shù)例子例子4：This pair of shoes _Toms. There _two pairs of shoes on the table. 要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)4：當(dāng)：當(dāng)a kind of, a pair of, a glass of 等表示確定數(shù)量的等表示確定數(shù)量的名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)與kind, pair, glass等一致等一致。例子例子5：.Each of them _ an English dictionary. Neither/Either of the answers _

18、 correct. 要點(diǎn)要點(diǎn)5：each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。 二、二、 意義一致意義一致： 1. 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)集合名詞作主語(yǔ)例子：例子：Our class _a big one. The whole class _ getting along well with each other.要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：family, class, group, team, population等集體名等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)詞作主語(yǔ), 若指若指一個(gè)整體一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式，若形式，若指指全部成

19、員全部成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。形式。 His family _ a happy one. All his family _(like) watching TV. 但：但：people, the police, cattle等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：形式。例如： 警察正在搜查那幢大樓。警察正在搜查那幢大樓。The police _ searching the building.2. 數(shù)量詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)：數(shù)量詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)：例子：例子：Two months _ a long holiday. Twenty pounds _ n

20、ot so heavy. 要點(diǎn)：表示要點(diǎn)：表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長(zhǎng)/寬寬/高度高度等的短等的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念整體概念，謂語(yǔ)用，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)單數(shù)形形式。式。 1 0英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。英里并不是一段很長(zhǎng)的距離。 20美元對(duì)這本書來(lái)說(shuō)太貴了。美元對(duì)這本書來(lái)說(shuō)太貴了。3. 分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù), part, the rest等表示等表示部分意義部分意義的詞作主語(yǔ)的詞作主語(yǔ)例子：例子：Two thirds of the area _ covered with forest. Some of them are teachers. Th

21、e rest _ students. Three quarters of the food _ been sold out.要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù), part, the rest等等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式根據(jù)意義來(lái)確定，即根據(jù)意義來(lái)確定，即由由of后的名詞或代詞決定后的名詞或代詞決定。4. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ) 例子：眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)例子：眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)_/_. 做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。做眼睛保健操對(duì)你的眼睛十分有益。 要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示要點(diǎn)：動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示抽象意抽象意義義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用，

22、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)形式形式5. “單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞+ and+單數(shù)名詞單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)例子：例子：The writer and teacher _ coming. The writer and the teacher _ coming. 要點(diǎn)：由要點(diǎn)：由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)對(duì)象同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)單數(shù)。The head teacher and English teacher of Class 1 _ very humorous.6. 以以s

23、結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ) 1）No news _ good news. news, maths, physic, economics等等 + 單數(shù)單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 2）All means _ been tried, but with no success. Every means _ been tried, but with no success. The teacher, together with the students, _ discussing Reading Skills that _ newly published in America.(2009四川高考四川高考17題題)

24、A. are ; were B. is ; were C. are ; was D. is ; was means(方法方法, 手段手段)/ works(工廠工廠)+ 單單/復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)(由意義決定由意義決定)； clothes + 復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)； 國(guó)名國(guó)名/人名人名/書名等書名等 + 單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)7. number例子：例子： A number of famous people _ invited to the party. The number of the students in our grade _ 900. 要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：a number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)

25、; the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)。8. the+形容詞作主語(yǔ)形容詞作主語(yǔ)例子：例子：As a matter of fact, the poor _often very happy, but the rich _ sad. （一類人）（一類人） The beautiful _(live) forever. 美是永存的。（抽象概美是永存的。（抽象概念）念）要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：the+形容詞形容詞(一類人一類人) + 謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)； the+形容詞形容詞(抽象概念抽象概念) + 謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)。9. A as well as B及及A rather than

26、B作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)例子：例子：The old man as well as his sons _ studying in university. 要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：A as well as B及及A rather than B作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義上作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，意義上強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào)A，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與與A 一致一致。 It is you, rather than I, that _ always breaking the traffic rules.三、三、 就近一致就近一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的主語(yǔ)一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與后面的主語(yǔ)一致1部分并列連詞部分并列連詞Not only the teacher but also hi

27、s students _ (like) playing football. You or Jack _ wrong. Either you or I _ crazy.Neither the students nor the teacher _(think) it is an easy problem.Not the driver but the two injured young men _ (be) responsible(負(fù)責(zé)負(fù)責(zé)) for the accident. 但：但：Both his father and his mother _ both teachers. 2以以here，t

28、here開(kāi)關(guān)的句子開(kāi)關(guān)的句子例子：例子：There _ a pen and some books on the desk. 要點(diǎn)：要點(diǎn)：以以here，there開(kāi)關(guān)的句子若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，開(kāi)關(guān)的句子若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與臨近的主語(yǔ)一致。 Here are some books and paper for you. Read the examples and answer the questions.3Neither Amy nor Helen is English.Neither of them is English.None of them

29、 has arrived yet.Each country in the United Kingdom has a capital city.e. Each of them has capital city.Do the first and second sentences mean the same thing?Do we know how many people the third sentence refers to?The fourth and fifth sentences refer to countries. Do we know how many countries they

30、refer to?Yes, they do.Only that it is more than two No we dont , except that there must be two or more.Rewrite the sentences using neither, none or each.4 Neither Amy nor Helen speaks Chinese. Each country in Europe has a good soccer team. Neither France nor Germany is going to sign the agreement.4)

31、 None of the whole class wants to study Japanese.Check your answers:主謂一致練習(xí)主謂一致練習(xí)1.Every teacher and every student _ found a Students Union. A. has B. have C. expects to D. hope to2.Nobody but them_ to know about the matter. A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted3.Nothing but trousers _ in th

32、at small shop. A. was worth of 20 dollars B. were worth 20 dollars C. was cost 20 dollars D. was paid 20 dollars CBD4.The dictionary as well as the books that _ pictures in them _ to her. A. has; belongs B. have; are belonged C. has; belong D. have; belongs5.Twenty percent of the work of the whole year _finished by their group last month. A. has been B. had been C. were D. was6.A knife a