1、必修1Unit 4Earthquakes 要 點 梳 理高效梳理·知識備考重點單詞1burst vi.爆裂；爆發(fā) n突然破裂，爆發(fā)2event n事件；大事3nation n民族；國家；國民national adj.國家的，民族的nationality n國籍4ruin n廢墟；毀滅 vt.毀滅；使破產(chǎn)5suffering n苦難；痛苦suffer v受苦，遭受6extreme adj.極度的extremely adv.7injure vt.損害；傷害injured adj.受傷的injury n傷害，損害8destroy vt.破壞；毀壞；消滅9useless adj.無用的；無效

2、的；無益的useful(反義詞)use v. & n使用，利用10shock vt. & vi.(使)震驚；震動 n休克；打擊；震驚11rescue n. & vt.援救；營救12trap vt.使陷入困境 n陷阱；困境13electricity n電；電流；電學(xué)electric adj.用電的；帶電的；發(fā)電的electrical adj.與電有關(guān)的；電學(xué)的14disaster n災(zāi)難；災(zāi)禍15bury vt.埋葬；掩埋；隱藏16shelter n掩蔽；掩蔽處；避身處17damage n. & vt.損失；損害18frighten vt.使驚嚇；嚇唬fright

3、ened adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的frightening adj.令人恐懼的19judge n裁判員；法官 vt.斷定；判斷；判決judgement n判斷，判決20express vt.表示；表達n.快車；速遞expression n表達expressive adj.有表現(xiàn)力的重點短語1right away立刻2at an end 結(jié)束3in ruins 成為廢墟4dig out 掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)5a(great) number of 許多；大量的6give out 分發(fā)；發(fā)出(氣味、熱等)7thousands of 成千上萬8think little of 不重視；不假思索9blow away

4、吹走；刮走10be proud of 以而自豪11instead of 代替12be trapped in 陷入之中13be known for/as 因為/作為出名14bring in 引進；引來重點句型1In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。2It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！3All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破滅了。高考范文假設(shè)你是某中學(xué)新老

5、師李紅，請給你的朋友張華寫一封信，告訴他你第一天上課的情況，主要內(nèi)容如下： 1描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情； 2介紹你處理該事的方式； 3談?wù)勀愕母邢搿?注意：1. 詞數(shù)不少于120個； 2可適當發(fā)揮想象，增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫； 3文中不得出現(xiàn)與本人及學(xué)校相關(guān)的任何真實信息。 _思路點撥本文需要考生發(fā)揮想象，適當增加內(nèi)容，寫作的自由空間比較大。文章應(yīng)包含以下要點：1描述一件課堂上令你印象深刻的事情；2介紹你處理該事的方式；3談?wù)勀愕母邢耄?注意詞數(shù)是不少于120。范文Dear Zhanghua，Long time no see! I miss you very much. Now I a

6、m so excited that I can't wait to share with you an unforgettable experience. I gave my first lesson today, which left me a deep impression.Seeing a young teacher enter the classroom, my students began to make more noise. I stood on the platform, feeling embarrassed and not knowing what to do. T

7、hen I realized something must be done. I asked the kids whether they liked English songs. After taking a deep breath, I sang a song I had practised many times. To my surprise, all the kids were concentrating on my class later on.How delighted I am now! Actually, whatever happens, we must stay calm f

8、irst and then find a wise solution. Looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hong考 點 探 究互動探究·能力備考.詞匯短語過關(guān)1burst vi. (burst, burst) 爆裂；爆發(fā)n. 突然破裂；爆發(fā)burst out 迸發(fā)；突然發(fā)作；突然起來burst into 闖入；突然出現(xiàn)；突然起來；突然發(fā)作burst into tears/songs/laughter/angry speech突然哭/唱/笑/吵起來burst out crying/singing/laughing突然哭起來/唱起來/笑起來b

9、urst in 闖入burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒/心痛欲絕/樂不可支be bursting to do 渴望，急著要做(某事)at a(one) burst 一陣；一口氣；一舉；一下a burst of anger 怒火的迸發(fā)即學(xué)即練1(1)She burst out _ for a while, and burst into _ for another moment, which made us at a loss.她一會兒突然哭起來，一會兒又突然笑起來，這使我們一頭霧水。(2)We all thought his heart would burst _ _

10、.我們都認為他心中的快樂快要爆發(fā)出來了。(3)The police _ and arrested the gang.警察突然闖進來逮捕了那幫人。 cryinglaughterwithhappinessburst in(4)Tom is bursting _ his mother.湯姆急著要見他的媽媽。(5)There was _ laughter in the next room.隔壁房間里突然爆發(fā)出一陣笑聲。to seea burst of2ruin n. U毀壞；毀滅，崩潰C(pl.) 廢墟，遺跡v. (使)破產(chǎn)，(使)墮落，毀滅in ruins 成為廢墟；破敗不堪be the ruin

11、of 成為毀滅(墮落)的原因come/fall to ruin 毀滅，滅亡；崩潰；破壞掉bring sb. to ruin 使某人失??；使傾家蕩產(chǎn)bring ruin upon oneself 自取滅亡ruin oneself 自取滅亡ruin one's health/fame 毀壞某人的健康/名譽即學(xué)即練2(1)Drink was his father's _ and it will be the _of him too.酗酒是他父親失敗的原因，他也將遭同樣的厄運。(2)Years of fighting have left the area _.多年的戰(zhàn)事已經(jīng)使得這個地區(qū)

12、滿目瘡痍。(3)A large number of churches _ after the revolution. 革命過后，許多教堂都毀了。(4)The heavy rain _.大雨把我們的假期徹底搞糟了。 (5)If you go on like this, you'll _.如果你繼續(xù)這樣下去，你會自己毀了自己。ruinruinin ruinsfell to ruinruined our holidayruin yourself3injure vt. 損害，傷害injury n. 傷，傷口；傷害injured adj. 受傷的，受委屈的do an injury to sb.傷

13、害某人the injured傷員an injured look/expression委屈的樣子/表情injured pride/feelings受到傷害的自尊/情感即學(xué)即練3(1)The boy _ his leg.這個男孩把腿弄傷了。(2)Your remark may _ her pride.你的話也許會傷她的自尊。(3)I didn't mean to _ her _.我并未打算傷害她。injuredinjuredoan injury4shock n. U；C打擊；震驚；震動；休克vt. 使震驚，使驚愕be shocked at/by (doing) sth. 被震驚be sho

14、cked to do sth. 懼怕做某事It shocked sb. to see/hear.看見/聽到使某人震驚。(be) a shock to sb. 對某人來說是個打擊即學(xué)即練4(1)The news of his wife's death was _ him.他妻子去世的消息對他打擊太大了。(2)He _ her smoking.看到她在吸煙，他很吃驚。(3)_ to see how my neighbours treated their children.看到鄰居們?nèi)绾螌Υ⒆樱腋械秸痼@。a terrible shock towas shocked atIt shocke

15、d me提示：shocked adj. 感到驚奇的，驚訝的(主語多為人)shocking adj. 令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的(主語多為物)5bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋；隱藏bury oneself in study 埋頭研究bury oneself in (doing) sth. 專心致力于(做)某事be buried in thoughts 沉思bury one's face in one's hands 雙手掩面be buried alive 被活埋；隱居即學(xué)即練5(1)He was sitting with his head _in a book.他坐著埋頭看書。(2)H

16、e walked slowly, his hands _ in his pockets.他走得很慢，兩手插在衣袋里。(3)After the divorce, she _ her work.離婚后，她埋頭于工作。buriedburiedburied herself in提示：表示“專心于，致力于”意義的短語還有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。6judge v. 斷定；判斷；判決n. 裁判員；法官；評判員judgement n. 判斷，審判，意見，判斷力judging by/from 從上看，根據(jù)判斷judge sb./sth. f

17、rom/by. 從來判斷judge between right and wrong 判斷是非as far as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為in one's judgement 依某人看來，按某人的看法即學(xué)即練6(1)Don't _ a book _ its cover. 勿以貌取人。(2)_ his accent, he must be a southerner.根據(jù)他的口音判斷，他一定是個南方人。(3)He _ the best actor of this year.他被評為今年的最佳男演員。judgebyJudging from/byWas judged to

18、 be7right away立刻，馬上(1)表示“立刻，馬上”的短語without delay/right now/immediately/at once/in no time/right off(2)比較right away/right nowright away“立刻，馬上”，相當于at once, in no time。right now“立即，馬上；此時此刻”，后一意義比now的語氣強，相當于at this very moment。即學(xué)即練7(1)I want it to be sent _.馬上把它發(fā)出去。(2)He cleaned the room _.他立即開始打掃房間。(3)H

19、es not in the office _.他現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。right awayright awayright now8at an end 終止；結(jié)束bring.to an end (使)結(jié)束，終止come to an end 結(jié)束，終止at the end of 在盡頭(末)by the end of 到末為止(常與完成時態(tài)連用)in the end 最后，終于(后不加 of短語)on end 一連，連續(xù)to the end 到底without end 沒完沒了make ends meet 收支相抵即學(xué)即練8(1)The year is _.這一年已到年終了。(2)The meeting

20、 _.會議結(jié)束了。(3)Go straight and youll find the hospital _ the road.一直往前走，你會在這條路的盡頭找到這家醫(yī)院。(4)They argued for two hours _.他們一連辯論了兩個小時。at an endcame to an endat the end ofon end9a (great) number of 許多；大量的a large/great/good number ofa great/good manya good fewquite a few可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)many a more than one單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)謂語動

21、詞a great/good deal ofa great/large amount ofquite a little不可數(shù)名詞a lot/lots ofa great/large quantity oflarge quantities ofplenty of可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞即學(xué)即練9(1)There _ (be) a great number of books in the shelves.(2)The number of guests invited _ (be) 50, but a number of them _ (be) absent for the heavy rain.(3

22、)Quantities of water _ (be) polluted now.(4)A great deal of oil _ (be) poured into the sea and did great harm to creatures in the water.(5)Many a famous writer _(be) an alumnus(撰搞人) of a local newspaper. arewaswerearewasis提示：(1)a number of是“許多，大量”的意思，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。the number of 是“的數(shù)目”的意思，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

23、(2)large quantities of (pl.)/U做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。large amounts ofU n做主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。.重點句型詳解1It seemed as if the world was at an end! 世界似乎到了末日！It seems (to sb.) that. (對某人來說)似乎Sb. seems to do/to be doing/to have done.It seems as if/though. “似乎(好像)”，可接虛擬語氣。seem(to be)n./adj. 似乎是There seems to be. 好像有It seems so.

24、 (So it seems.) 似乎是那樣。It seemed that he had known the truth.He seemed to have known the truth. 他好像知道了真相。His father seems (to be) strict.他父親似乎很嚴厲。There seemed to be a voice in the distance.似乎遠處有人說話。It always seemed as though everything in my childhood had just happened.我童年的一切仿佛剛剛發(fā)生一樣。辨析：seem/look/app

25、ear(1)seem 暗含有一定的根據(jù)，往往是接近實際的判斷，后可接介詞、形容詞、不定式或從句。(2)look 著重由視覺而得出的印象，可與 like連用，但不能與不定式連用。可接 as if從句，不接 that從句。(3)appear 強調(diào)外表給人的印象，而且事實往往并非如此?？山?that從句，不接 as if從句。即境活用1What a noise! I can hardly stand it.It _ as if they are having a party next door.AlooksBseemsCappears Dhappens解析：C、D項不接 as if從句。A項不合題意

26、?？疾?It seems as if.句式。答案：B 2In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 在農(nóng)家院子里，雞和豬都煩躁不安，以致不吃食。too.to. 句型表示“太以至于不能(表否定)”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為 not.enough to.和 so.that.。The child is too young to dress himself.The child is not old enough to dress himself.The child is so young that he can&#

27、39;t dress himself.這孩子太小，不能夠自己穿衣。提示：(1)當 too后接 easy, ready, happy, willing, eager 或 anxious時，to 后的動詞表示肯定。例如：The book is too easy to understand.這本書太容易理解了。He was too anxious to leave.他急于離開。(2)too.not to. 句式表示肯定意思。例如：He is too careful not to have noticed it.他那么細心，不會不注意到這一點的。(3)too.to.中 too前面用了否定詞(如 nev

28、er)時，表示肯定。例如：It is never too late to mend.改過不嫌晚。(4)only too.to.表示肯定，其中 too后的形容詞多數(shù)是表示某種心情的，如 glad, pleased, willing, thankful, delighted, determined 等，也有描繪性的形容詞，如 good, kind, true等。例如：The girl is only too kind to help us.這姑娘非常樂于幫助我們。即境活用2Jim is a kind boy. He is _willing to help his classmates.Aso Bs

29、uchCmuch Dtoo解析：tooglad/pleased/willing.to.表示肯定意義。如用A項應(yīng)改為 so.as to才對。答案：D 3All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。此句為部分否定。all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, complete, completely, always, all the time, whole, wholly, entirely, altogether 等代詞、形容詞和副詞與否定詞 not連用，構(gòu)成部分否定，表示“不都、并非都”的意思。All that glitt

30、ers is not gold.發(fā)光的并不一定都是金子。Both of the brothers don't like the film.兄弟倆不都喜歡這部電影。Not everything went well with him.他并非每件事情都順利。Not all of the rich are happy.不是所有有錢人都幸福。 The rich are not always happy.有錢人并非總是幸福。You can't fool all the people all the time.你未必總是能愚弄所有的人。拓展：全部否定用：no one, none, neith

31、er, nobody, nothing，以及 not.any/either來表示。None of them are right. 他們都不對。Neither of us will go. 我們倆都不去。Nobody can win me. 沒人能贏我。即境活用3(1)The exam wasn't difficult at all, was it?No, but I don't believe _could pass it.Asomebody BanybodyCeverybody Dnobody解析：not與 everybody 連用表示部分否定。答案：C(2)Which of

32、 the two computer games did you prefer?Actually I didn't like _.Aboth of them Beither of themCnone of them Dneither of them解析：not. eitherneither 表示全部否定。答案：B易 錯 點 撥自我完善·誤區(qū)備考1. ruin/destroy/damage(1)ruin n. & vt. 表示破壞嚴重，強調(diào)漸漸毀壞了，多指不屬于人為因素毀壞某事物，而是自然現(xiàn)象或客觀原因改變。有“(使)破產(chǎn)，(使)毀滅”等意思。(2)destroy vt.

33、 指徹底毀壞，以致不能修復(fù)，常作“破壞，毀滅”解，還有“打破(希望、計劃)”之意。(3)damage n&v. 表示使事物在價值、效用、外觀等方面受到毀壞、損害，即部分受損，程度比 destroy 輕。應(yīng)用1(1)The car was only slightly _ in the accident.這輛車在事故中只受到輕微的損壞。(2)That will _ the reputation of our products.那會毀了我們產(chǎn)品的聲譽。(3)The crops are nearly _ by the continuous rain.連續(xù)不斷的雨水幾乎毀壞了這些農(nóng)作物。dama

34、geddestroyruined2. injure/wound/hurt/harminjure 一般指由于意外或事故而造成傷害，也可以表示損害名譽、傷害感情等。wound 指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷，是出血的、嚴重的傷，特指戰(zhàn)場上受傷。hurt 是一般用語，指肉體或精神上的傷害，常伴有強烈的疼痛感；還可表示“疼、痛”。harm 用于肉體或精神上的傷害均可。有時可指引起不安或不便。還可用于抽象事物，尤其是指不道德的事情。應(yīng)用2(1)The robber _ him with a knife.那強盜用刀刺傷了他。(2)These criticisms have _ his pride deepl

35、y.這些批評使他的自尊心深深地受到了傷害。(3)Two people have been badly _ in the accident.有兩個人在這次事故中嚴重受傷了。(4)Don't _ your eyes by reading in dim light.不要在昏暗的燈光下看書，以免損傷眼睛。woundedhurt/injuredinjuredharm高 效 作 業(yè)自我測評·技能備考.單詞拼寫1_(祝賀) to you on your winning the contest.2Thousands of people died in the _(災(zāi)難)3His sudden

36、 death was a great _ (震驚) to his family.4He was one of the _(裁判員) at the boxing match.5The car was _(陷入) in the mud and couldn't get out.Congratulationsdisastershockjudgestrapped6The firemen r_ three women from the burning house.7They are in desperate need of food, clothing and s_.8Don't lea

37、ve the lights onit wastes e_9The miners were b_ alive when the tunnel collapsed.10He was too nevous to e_ himself in front of the girl.rescuedshelterelectricityburiedexpress .單項選擇1Have you heard of DP.R. Korea's nuclear test?Yes, _ news came as _shock to me.Athe; aBthe; theCa; a Da; the答案：A解析：考查

38、冠詞。第一空特指上文的消息用 the；第二空用a表示“一個震驚”。2Before the firemen arrived, the whole wooden building had already been _ in the big fire.Ainjured BwoundedCdamaged Ddestroyed答案：D解析：表示“房屋被燒毀”用 destroy。3I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be _ careful in

39、the street.Amuch BveryCso Dtoo答案：D解析：考查 never.too.表示“再也不為過；越越好”。4At least 203 miners were killed, 22 _ and 13 _ in a coal mine gas explosion on Monday afternoon in Fuxin.Ainjuring; trapping Binjured; trappedCinjured; trapping Dinjuring; trapped答案：B解析：考查過去分詞。兩空都與 were killed并列，故填過去分詞形式。5_ the way he

40、laughed as he told it, it was meant to be humorous.AJudged from BHaving judged fromCJudging from DAfter having judged from答案：C解析：judging from為固定用法，“從判斷”的意思。6Her books were all over the dining table, _ meant we had to eat in the kitchen.Awhich BwhatCthat Dit答案：A解析：考查定語從句。語意為：她的書擺滿了餐桌，這就意味著我們必須在廚房吃飯了。

41、which引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語從句，代替主句所表達的整個內(nèi)容。故選A項。7When a boy with dirty spots on the face came in, people present all burst _ laughing while he burst _ tears.Ainto; in Binto; outCout; into Dout; in答案：C解析：考查固定搭配。句意：當一個滿臉臟兮兮的男孩進來時，在場的人都笑起來，而他卻哭起來。burst out laughing表示“突然大笑起來”，burst into tears表示“突然大哭起來”，都是固定搭配。8His

42、head was _ in the book he was reading.Adevoted BaddictedCburied Dabsorbed答案：C解析：bury oneself/ones head in“埋頭于，專心于”。be addicted tobe devoted tobe absorbed in“專心于”，其主語皆為人。9This year an increased number of drivers _ for driving after drinking.Ahave punished Bhave been punishedChas punished Dhas been pu

43、nished答案：B解析：“a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”做主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，此句中應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)。10The tsunami killed _ people in South and Southeast Asia.Aten thousands Bten thousands ofCtens of thousand Dtens of thousands of答案：D解析：tens of thousands of 意為“數(shù)以萬計的”。11There seems _something wrong with the car. I can't start it.Aas if BthatCt

44、o be Dto have答案：C解析：考查 seem的用法，用在 there be句型中，故用 There seems to be.12He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _ it got worse.Auntil BwhenCbefore Das答案：C解析：考查 before 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。13On Christmas Eve, the English evening _ singing the song The Unforgettable Tonight.Acame up Bdrew upCran up De

45、nded up答案：D解析：考查動詞詞組辨析。come up“出現(xiàn)，發(fā)生”；draw up“起草”；run up“積欠(債務(wù)等)”；end up“結(jié)束”。語意：圣誕前夜，英語晚會以歌曲難忘今宵結(jié)束。因此，D項正確。14_ he is doing an operation on the patient; please dont disturb him.ARight away BRight nowCIn no time DAt once答案：B解析：四個短語都有“立即，馬上”之意，但right now還有“現(xiàn)在，此時此刻”之意。句意為：他目前正在給病人做手術(shù)，請不要打擾他。15We cant ha

46、ve lunch at the restaurant, because _.Aall of us dont have moneyBnot all of us have moneyCeveryone of us dont have moneyDnone of us has money答案：D解析：考查部分否定與全部否定。A、B、C均為部分否定，D項為全部否定，據(jù)題意選D。 .閱讀理解 ALast year, I lived in Chile for half a year. I lived with a Chilean family and had the responsibilities of

47、 any Chilean teenager. I had good days and bad days I didn't understand.Chuquicamata, my host community, is a mining camp. When I arrived there, I was scared. It was so different from what I was used to. There were lots of dogs on the streets, and there was no downtown, few smoothly paved street

48、s, and little to do for entertainment. Rain was not seen very often; earthquakes and windstorms were frequent.I had studied Spanish for two and a half years and was always one of the best students in my class. But in my first week in Chile I was only able to communicate and needed one person to whom

49、 I could explain my shock. I couldn't speak the thoughts in my head and there were so many.Most exchange students experience this like me. Culture shock presents itself in everything from increased aggression towards the people to lack of appetite (食欲). I was required to overcome all the difficu

50、lties.As time passed, everything changed. I began to forget words in English and to dream in Spanish and love Chilean food. I got used to not depending on expensive things for fun. Fun in Chuquicamata was being with people. And I took math, physics, chemistry, biology, Spanish, art, and philosophy.B

51、ut the sacrifices were nothing compared to the gain. I learned how to accept and to succeed in another culture. I now have a deeper understanding of both myself and others.1. The author went to Chile last year with the purpose of _.A. paying a visit to Chile as a touristB. experiencing Chilean life as a teacherC. studying Chilean culture as a college studentD. studying knowledge as an exchange student答案及解析：1. D。細節(jié)理解題。綜合第三段的“I had studied Sp