1、解決三個(gè)目標(biāo)問題n 英文報(bào)表的直觀差異是什么？n 報(bào)表項(xiàng)目是什么意思？n 如何看懂英文報(bào)表？第1頁/共15頁n財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表的組成資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表、利潤(rùn)表、股東權(quán)益表及現(xiàn)金流量表和綜合收益表n會(huì)計(jì)期間會(huì)計(jì)年度結(jié)束時(shí)間各有不同，但原則上是滿一年的結(jié)賬日。美國(guó)的財(cái)務(wù)會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則委員會(huì)并沒有對(duì)企業(yè)的會(huì)計(jì)年度起訖日期做出特別規(guī)定，只是由政府部門公布了一個(gè)指導(dǎo)時(shí)間10月制（10月1日至次年9月30日為一個(gè)會(huì)計(jì)年度），實(shí)際上允許企業(yè)根據(jù)自己所在行業(yè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)情況來靈活選擇自己的會(huì)計(jì)年度。n比較性財(cái)務(wù)報(bào)表英文報(bào)表的直觀差異是什么？以美國(guó)公司報(bào)表為準(zhǔn)第2頁/共15頁INCOME STATEMENT(損益表)英文報(bào)表主要項(xiàng)目中文釋

2、義Net sales凈銷售收入【注】Cost of goods sold銷貨成本Gross profit毛利Selling expenses銷售費(fèi)用Administrative expenses管理費(fèi)用Income from operations經(jīng)營(yíng)收益Other revenues and gains其他收入和利得Other expenses and losses其他費(fèi)用和損失Income before tax稅前收益Income tax所得稅Net income for the year本年凈收益Earnings per share每股收益【注】Net sales including sal

3、es, discounts, allowances, returns and other related information.第3頁/共15頁INCOME STATEMENT(損益表)英文報(bào)表項(xiàng)目中文釋義Selling expenses銷售費(fèi)用Sales salaries and commissions銷售人員工資和傭金Sales office salaries銷售辦工資Travel and entertainment差旅費(fèi)和招待費(fèi)Advertising expense廣告費(fèi)Freight and transportation-out運(yùn)費(fèi)Shipping supplies and expe

4、nse船運(yùn)物料和費(fèi)用Postage and stationery郵費(fèi)和辦公用品Telephone and Internet expense通訊費(fèi)Depreciation of sales equipment銷售設(shè)備折舊費(fèi)英文報(bào)表項(xiàng)目中文釋義Administrative expenses管理費(fèi)用Officers salaries管理人員工資Legal and professional services法律和專業(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)Utilities expense水電費(fèi)Insurance expense保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)Depreciation of building房屋折舊Depreciation of office

5、equipment辦公設(shè)備折舊Stationery, supplies and postage辦公用品、物料和郵費(fèi)Miscellaneous office expenses其他辦公費(fèi)第4頁/共15頁BALANCE SHEETS(資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表)英文報(bào)表主要項(xiàng)目中文釋義Assets資產(chǎn)Current assets流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)Cash and cash equivalents現(xiàn)金和現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物Available-for-sale securities-at fair value可供出售證券-公允價(jià)值Short-term investment短期投資Accounts receivable應(yīng)收賬款A(yù)llowan

6、ce for doubtful accounts壞賬準(zhǔn)備Inventories存貨Prepaid expenses預(yù)付費(fèi)用Total current assets流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)合計(jì)Long-term investment長(zhǎng)期投資Plant assets, net of depreciation固定資產(chǎn)折舊后凈值Intangible assets, net of amortization無形資產(chǎn)攤銷后凈值Goodwill商譽(yù)Other assets其他資產(chǎn)Total assets資產(chǎn)總額第5頁/共15頁BALANCE SHEETS(資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表)英文報(bào)表主要項(xiàng)目中文釋義Liabilities and S

7、hareowners Equity負(fù)債和所有者權(quán)益Current liabilities流動(dòng)負(fù)債Notes payable應(yīng)付票據(jù)Payable to suppliers and others應(yīng)付賬款A(yù)ccrued interest on notes payable應(yīng)付票據(jù)利息Accrued salaries, wages應(yīng)付薪酬Accrued liabilities應(yīng)計(jì)負(fù)債Dividend payable應(yīng)付股利Accrued income taxes應(yīng)付所得稅Deferred revenue遞延收益Current maturities of long-term debt年內(nèi)到期的長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債O

8、ther current liabilities其他流動(dòng)負(fù)債Long-term debt長(zhǎng)期負(fù)債Obligations under capital leases融資租賃義務(wù)Other liabilities, mainly deferred income tax其他負(fù)債，遞延所得稅為主Shareowners equity所有者權(quán)益Paid in on capital stock實(shí)收資本Preferred stock authorized 40sh.;none issued優(yōu)先股，核準(zhǔn)4000萬股，發(fā)行0股Capital stock,$0.15 par value;authorized14sh;

9、issued 13sh股本，面值$0.15，核準(zhǔn)1400萬股，發(fā)行1300萬股Capital surplus資本公積Earnings retained in the business留存收益Cumulative translation adjustments外幣折算調(diào)整累計(jì)數(shù)第6頁/共15頁STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS(現(xiàn)金流量表)英文報(bào)表主要項(xiàng)目中文釋義Cash flows from operating activities經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量Net earnings/income凈收益To reconcile net earnings to net cash provi

10、ded by operating activities:將凈收益調(diào)整為經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量?jī)纛~Depreciation and amortization折舊和攤銷Divestitures and restructuring剝離和重組Deferred taxes遞延稅款Other, net其他凈值Cumulative effect of accounting change會(huì)計(jì)變更的累計(jì)影響(increase) decrease in accounts receivable應(yīng)收賬款的減少（增加）(increase) decrease in inventories存貨的減少（增加）Net chan

11、ge in other current assets and liabilities其他流動(dòng)資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債的變化凈額Net cash from operating activities經(jīng)營(yíng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量?jī)纛~Cash flows from investing activities投資活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量Purchases of plant assets購置固定資產(chǎn)Sale of plant assets出售固定資產(chǎn)Businesses acquired企業(yè)并購Sale of businesses企業(yè)出售Increase in other assets其他資產(chǎn)增加Net change in othe

12、r temporary investments其他臨時(shí)投資變化凈額Net cash used in investing activities投資活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量?jī)纛~第7頁/共15頁STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS(現(xiàn)金流量表)英文報(bào)表主要項(xiàng)目中文釋義Cash flows from financial activities籌資活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量Long-term borrowings長(zhǎng)期借款Repayments of long-term borrowings償還長(zhǎng)期借款I(lǐng)ncrease (decrease) in short-term borrowings短期借款的增加（減少）

13、Other short-term borrowings其他短期借款Repayments of other short-term borrowings償還其他短期借款Payment of cash dividend支付現(xiàn)金股利Issuance of common stock發(fā)行普通股Redemption of bonds償付債券Other, net其他凈值Net cash from financing activities籌資活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的現(xiàn)金流量?jī)纛~Effect of exchange rate change on cash匯率變動(dòng)對(duì)現(xiàn)金的影響Net increase(decrease) in c

14、ash and cash equivalents現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物凈增加（減少）額Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year期初現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物Cash and cash equivalents at end of year期末現(xiàn)金及現(xiàn)金等價(jià)物第8頁/共15頁如何看懂英文報(bào)表？以蘋果（AAPL）報(bào)表為例第9頁/共15頁如何看懂英文報(bào)表？第10頁/共15頁如何看懂英文報(bào)表？第11頁/共15頁如何看懂英文報(bào)表？第12頁/共15頁如何看懂英文報(bào)表？第13頁/共15頁 Financial statement analysis focuses on one

15、 or more elements of a companys financial condition or operating results. Our analysis emphasizes six areas of inquiry-with varying degrees of importance. “Building blocks” of financial statement analysis as follows:1. Short-term liquidity2. Capital structure and solvency3. Return on invested capital4. Asset turnover5. Operating performance