1、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛。主要有下列幾個(gè)：can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無人稱和數(shù)的變化，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟的動(dòng)詞需用原形，否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面加 not。 個(gè)別情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種形式。過去式用來表達(dá)更加客氣，委婉的語氣，時(shí)態(tài)性不強(qiáng)，可用于過去，現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｇ閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞屬非及物動(dòng)詞，故沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。He could be here soon. 他很快就

2、來。 We cant carry the heavy box. 我們搬不動(dòng)那箱子。 Im sorry I cant help you. 對(duì)不起，我?guī)筒簧夏恪?基本助動(dòng)詞與情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞最主要的區(qū)別之一是，基本助動(dòng)詞本身沒有詞義，而情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞則有自己的詞義，能表示說話人對(duì)有關(guān)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的看法，或表示主觀設(shè)想： What have you been doing since? （構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行體，本身無詞義） I am afraid I must be going. （一定要） You may have read some account of the matter. （或許已經(jīng)） 2除此之外，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞

3、還有如下詞法和句法特征： 1） 除ought和used以外，其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面只能接不帶to的不定式。如果我們把ought to和used to看做是固定詞組的話，那么，所有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無一例外地只能接不帶to的不定式： We used to grow beautiful roses. I asked if he would come and repair my television set. 2） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞在限定動(dòng)詞詞組總是位居第一： They need not have been punished so severely. 3） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞用于第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候，沒有詞形變化，即其詞尾無

4、-s形式： She dare not say what she thinks. 4） 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非限定形式，即沒有不定式和分詞形式，也沒有相應(yīng)的動(dòng)名詞： Still, she neednt have run away. 5） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的“時(shí)”的形式并不是時(shí)間區(qū)別的主要標(biāo)志。在不少場(chǎng)合，情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)和過去時(shí)形式都可以表示現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)頃r(shí)間： Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something? She told him he ought not to have done it. 36） 情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞之間是相互排斥的，即在一個(gè)限定動(dòng)

5、詞詞組中只能出現(xiàn)一個(gè)情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞，但有時(shí)卻可以與have和be基本助動(dòng)詞連用： You should have washed the wound. Well, you shouldnt be reading a novel. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法：首先它是動(dòng)詞，而且不同于行為動(dòng)詞，行為動(dòng)詞表示的是可以通過行為來表達(dá)的動(dòng)作（如寫，讀，跑），而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只是表達(dá)的一種想法（如能，也許，敢）。用法是：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+行為動(dòng)詞原形 例句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英語讀這句話。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒,態(tài)度或語氣的動(dòng)詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，

6、只能和其他動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。 We can be there on time tomorrow. 我們明天能按時(shí)去那兒。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字嗎？ 4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講解：Could 和 can 的用法. 表示能力或客觀可能性，還可以表示請(qǐng)求和允許。如： Can you finish this work tonight? Man can not live without air. Can I go now? Yes, you can. 注意：could也可表示請(qǐng)求，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不可用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡(jiǎn)略答語中

7、）。如： Could I come to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （否定答語可用No, Im afraid not.） can表示能力時(shí)，還可用be able to代替。如： Ill not be able to come this afternoon. 5 2. 表示驚異、懷疑、不相信的態(tài)度。（主要用在否定句、疑問句或驚嘆句中） Can this be true? How can you be so careless! This can not be done by him. 3. “can(could) + have + 過去分詞”的疑問或否定形式表

8、示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為懷疑或不肯定。如： He can not have been to that town. Can he have got the book? 4. 用在疑問句及否定句中,表示驚訝,不相信等.5. can not.tooenough表示無論怎樣也不過分,越越好may和might的用法 1. 表示許可。 表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)(口語中常用) no , you cant . or , yes, please 用mustnt表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意(具有強(qiáng)烈禁止的意思)如： You may drive the car. Migh

9、t I use your pen? No, you mustnt. 用May I . 征詢對(duì)方許可在文體上比較正式，在口氣上比較客氣。在日常口語中，用Can I . 征詢對(duì)方意見在現(xiàn)代口語中更為常見。 62. 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如： May you succeed! 3. 表示推測(cè)、可能（疑問句不能用于此意）。 He may be very busy now. 4. “may(might) + have + 過去分詞”表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)。如： He may not have finished the work. must和have to的用法 1. 表示必須、必要。（must表示主

10、觀多一些而have to則表示客觀多一些）如： You must come in time. 回答must引出的問句時(shí)，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt或dont have to。 Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. (No, you dont have to.) 72. “must be + 表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。 This must be your pen. 3. “must + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)常用在肯定句中，表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的行為的推測(cè)

11、。它的否定或疑問式用can代替must。 He must have been to Shanghai. 4. have to的含義與must相似，兩者往往可以互換使用，但have to有各種形式，隨have的變化而定。must與have to有下列幾點(diǎn)不同： must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。如： The play is not interesting. I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. must一般只表現(xiàn)在，have則有更多的時(shí)態(tài)形式。 二者的否定意義不大相同。如： You m

12、ustnt go. 你可不要去。 You dont have to go. 你不必去。 詢問對(duì)方的意愿時(shí)應(yīng)用must。如： Must I clean all the room? 注意：have to也可拼做have got to。8dare和need的用法 1. need表示“需要”或“必須”，作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，僅用于否定句或疑問句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 注意：neednt + 不定式的完

13、成式“表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事”。如： You neednt have waited for me. 2. Dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于疑問句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say Im unfair. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. Dare和need常用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，所不同的是，作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接帶to的不定式，在否定和疑問句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。如： I dare to swim a

14、cross this river. He does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. He needs to finish it this evening. 9shall和should的用法 一.Shall的用法：1. Shall用于第一人稱，表示征求對(duì)方的意愿。如： What shall we do this evening? 2. Shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求對(duì)方的意見或向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。如： Shall we begin our les

15、son? When shall he be able to leave the hospital? 3. Shall用于第二、第三人稱，表示說話人給對(duì)方命令、警告、允諾或威脅。如： You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允諾） He shall be punished. （威脅） 二.Should的用法：1. Should表示勸告、建議、命令，其同義詞是ought to；在疑問句中，通常用should代替ought to。如： You should

16、go to class right away. Should I open the window? Should的含義較多，用法較活，現(xiàn)介紹三種其特殊用法。請(qǐng)看下面的句子： I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是認(rèn)為最好再試一試。 You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞錯(cuò)了。 I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是勸你別這樣做。 This is something I should have liked to ask you. 這是我本來想問你的

17、。 從以上例句可以看出：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should用于第一人稱時(shí)可以表示說話人的一種謙遜、客氣、委婉的語氣。 10Should還可以用在if引導(dǎo)的條件從句，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全沒有可能。相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語由should加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成，主句謂語卻不一定用虛擬語氣。如： Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你萬一見到她，請(qǐng)讓她給我打個(gè) 。 If you should change your mind, please let us know. 萬一你改變主意，請(qǐng)通知我們。 Should I (If I should) b

18、e free tomorrow I will come. 萬一我明天有時(shí)間，我就來。 此外，Why(or How) + should結(jié)構(gòu)表示說話人對(duì)某事不能理解，感到意外、驚異等意思。意為“竟會(huì)”。如： Why should you be so late today? 你幾天怎么來得這么晚？ Where is Betty living? 貝蒂住在哪里？ How should I know? 我怎么會(huì)知道呢？ I dont know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你憑什么認(rèn)為這件事是我干的。 2. “should + have + 過去分詞”結(jié)

19、構(gòu)一般表示義務(wù)，表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到，并包含一種埋怨、責(zé)備的口氣。如： She should have finished it. I should have helped her, but I never could. You should have started earlier. 11will和would的用法 1.表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。如： Would you pass me the book? 2. 表示意志、愿望和決心。如： I will never do that again. They asked if we would do that agai

20、n. The door wont open3. 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示推測(cè)，主要用于第二、三人稱。前者表示對(duì)目前情況的推測(cè)，后者表示對(duì)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或事態(tài)的推測(cè)。如： This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. The guests would have arrived by that time. I thought you would have finished this by now. 4. Would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向。Would表

21、過去習(xí)慣時(shí)比used to正式，并沒有“現(xiàn)已無此習(xí)慣”的含義。如： The wound would not heal. During the vacation he would visit me every week. 5. 表料想或猜想。如： It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? I thought he would have told you all about it. 12ought to的用法 1. Ought to表示應(yīng)該。如： You ought to take care of

22、 him. 2. 表示推測(cè)。注意與must表示推測(cè)時(shí)的區(qū)別： He must be at home by now. （斷定他已到家） He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定） This is where the oil must be. （比較直率） This is where the oil ought to be. （比較含蓄） 3. “ought to + have + 過去分詞”表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didnt). 這時(shí)，ought to和should可以互相換用。 注意

23、：在美國英語中，ought to用于否定句和疑問句時(shí)，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much. ought和should的區(qū)別：語氣略強(qiáng)。較常用。在美國英語中用的很少，而should卻相當(dāng)常用。屬正式用語。13used to，had better，would rather的用法 1. Used to表示過去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在已不存在，在間接引語中，其形式可不變。如： He told us he used to play football when he was young. 在疑問句、否定句、否定疑問句或強(qiáng)調(diào)

24、句中，可有兩種形式： 疑問句 Did you use to go to the same school as your brother? Used you to go to the same school as your brother? 否定句 I usednt to go there. I didnt use to go there. Usednt 亦可拼作usent，但發(fā)音皆為ju:snt。 否定疑問句 Usent you to be interested in the theatre? Didnt you use to be interested in the theatre? 強(qiáng)調(diào)句

25、 I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago. I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago. 其反意疑問句或簡(jiǎn)略回答中，也有兩種形式： She used to be very fat, didnt she? （口語+常用）/ use(d)nt she? （正式+過時(shí)） Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did. Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes,

26、I used to.) 142. Had better意為“最好”，后接不帶to的不定式。如： We had better go now. Yes, we had (wed better / we had better). Hadnt we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think Id better be going. （用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，表“最好立即”） You had better have done that. （用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，表未完成動(dòng)作） 注：had best與had better同意，但較少用。You had bet

27、ter 用于同輩或小輩，對(duì)長輩不可用。 3. Would rather意為“寧愿”，表選擇，后接不帶to的不定式。如： Id rather not say anything. Would you rather work on a farm? Wouldnt you rather stay here? No, I would not. Id rather go there. 由于would rather表選擇，因而后可接than。如： I would rather work on a farm than in a factory. I would rather watch TV than go

28、to see the film. I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie. Id rather you didnt talk about this to anyone. （句中的d rather不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，would在此是表愿望的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞） 15can (could), may (might)的用法 can (could) 表示說話人能,可以,同意,準(zhǔn)許,以及客觀條件許可,could 為 can 的過去式。 Can you pass me the books? 你能給我遞一下書

29、嗎 ? Could you help me, please? 請(qǐng)問,你能幫助我嗎? What can you do? 你能干點(diǎn)什么呢? Can you be sure? 你有把握嗎? can 和could 只能用于現(xiàn)在式和過去式兩種時(shí)態(tài),將來時(shí)態(tài)用 be able to 來表示。 He could help us at all. 他完全可以幫助我們。 With the teachers help,I shall be able to speak English correctly. 由于老師的幫助,我將能準(zhǔn)確地講英語。 16may (might) 可以, 表示說話人同意,許可或請(qǐng)求對(duì)方許可。

30、You may take the book home. 你可以把書帶回家去. May I come in? 我可以進(jìn)來嗎? May I use your dictionary? 我可以用你的詞典嗎? You may put on more clothes. 你可以多穿點(diǎn)衣服. He said he might lend us some money. 他說他可以借給我們一些錢。 may 否定式為 may not, 縮寫形式是 maynt. might 是may 的過去式, 有兩種用法, 一種表示過去式，一種表示虛擬語氣, 使語氣更加委婉, 客氣或?qū)赡苄缘膽岩伞?He told me he mi

31、ght be here on time. 他說他能按時(shí)間來。 Might I borrow some money now. 我可以借點(diǎn)錢嗎? He might be alive. 他可能還活著。 17must, need, ought to, dare (dared)用法 Must 必須,應(yīng)該,一定,準(zhǔn)是, 表示說話人認(rèn)為有必要做某事, 命令, 要求別人做某事以及對(duì)事物的推測(cè)。 must 用來指一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí), 過去式可用 have to 的過去式代替。I must finish my work today. 我今天必須完成我的工作。 You mustnt work all the t

32、ime. 你不能老是工作。Must I return the book tomorrow? 我必須明天還書嗎? After such a long walk, you must be tired. 走了這么長的路,你一定困了。He must be the man I am looking for. 他一定是我要找的人。 He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day. 那天他要走是因?yàn)橛腥私兴?must + have + 過去分詞,表示現(xiàn)在對(duì)過去事物的推測(cè)。 He must have told my parents about i

33、t. 他一定把這件事情告訴我父母親了。 He must have received my letter now. 他現(xiàn)在一定收到我的信了。 Its six oclock already, we must have been late again. 已經(jīng)六點(diǎn)鐘了，我們一定又遲到了。 must 和 have to 的區(qū)別: must 表示說話人的主觀思想, have to 表示客觀需要。 You must do it now. 你必需現(xiàn)在就干。(說話人認(rèn)為必須現(xiàn)在干) I have to go now. 我得走了。(客觀條件必須現(xiàn)在走) 18need 需要 多用在否定式或疑問句中. Need I

34、attend the meeting tomorrow? 我需要明天參加會(huì)議嗎? You need not hand in the paper this week. 這一周你不必交論文。need 是一個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，他的用法完全和其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞一樣，但 need 還可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用，這時(shí) need 就象其他動(dòng)詞一樣，有第三人稱，單復(fù)數(shù)，后面加帶 to 的動(dòng)詞等特性。 I need a bike to go to school. 我上學(xué)需要一輛自行車。 Do you need a dictionary? 你需要詞典嗎? She needs a necklace. 她需要一條項(xiàng)鏈。 neednt +

35、have + 過去分詞 表示過去做了沒必要做的事情。 You neednt have taken it seriously. 這件事情你不必太認(rèn)真。 dare 敢 多用在否定或疑問句中。 The little girl dare not speak in public. 小女孩不敢在公眾面前說話。 Dare you catch the little cat? 你敢抓小貓嗎? dare 除用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞外,更多的是當(dāng)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞使用, 用法同實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一樣,要考慮人稱,單復(fù)數(shù),時(shí)態(tài)等。 Do you dare to walk in the dark? 你敢黑夜走路嗎？ He doesnt dare to

36、 tell the teacher what happened that day. 他不敢告訴老師那天發(fā)生的事。 19ought 應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該 后面跟帶有 to 的動(dòng)詞不定式。 You ought to read these books if you want to know how to repair the motorcar. 如果你想知道如何修理汽車,你應(yīng)該讀這些書。 You ought to bring the child here. 你應(yīng)該把孩子帶來。 ought + to have done 句型。指過去動(dòng)作,表示一件事情該做而未做。 You ought to have been h

37、ere yesterday. 你昨天就應(yīng)該來。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不該做的事情卻做了。 You ought not to have taken the book out of the reading-room. 你不應(yīng)該把書帶出閱覽室。will (would)決心,愿望。 would 為 will 的過去式, 可用于各人稱。 Ill do my best to catch up with them. 我要盡全力趕上他們。 Ill never do it again, thats the last time. 我再不會(huì)做那件事情了,這是最后一次。 He

38、said he would help me. 他說他會(huì)幫助我。 20will, would用于疑問句表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣?qǐng)求或詢問,用 would 比 will 更婉轉(zhuǎn),客氣。 Its hot. Will you open the windows? 天氣太熱了,你能打開窗戶嗎? Will you help me to work it out? 你能幫我解這道題嗎? Would you like some coffee？ 給你來點(diǎn)咖啡怎樣？ Shall, should表示命令,警告,允諾,征求,勸告,建議驚奇。 You should hand in the exercise book. 你應(yīng)該交

39、作業(yè)本了。 This should be no problem. 這應(yīng)該沒問題。 Shall we go now. 我們現(xiàn)在可以走了嗎? Why should I meet him？ 為什么我要見他? have to,不得不,必須,表示客觀條件只能如此, 而must 則表示主觀思想必須。 I have to go now. 我現(xiàn)在得走了。 I have to cook for my child. 我得給孩子做飯。 You must be here on time next time. 你下次一定要按時(shí)來。 We must go to get the timetable ourselves. 我

40、們一定要自己去拿時(shí)刻表。Shall we begin now? 我們現(xiàn)在就開始嗎？ You must obey the school rules. 你必須遵守校規(guī)。21倒裝句練習(xí)40題221._tell me _to go there with me? A.They wont; why they dont want B. Could you; why wont they want C. They wont; why dont they want D. Could you; why they dont want2.In the cottage _Uncle Tom many years ago.

41、 A. there lives B. there lived C. lived there D. lives there3.They had just taken their seats, then _. A. the chairman came B. the chairman comes C. came the chairman D. comes the chairman4.Autumn coming, down _. A. fall the leaves B. do the leaves fall C. the leaves fall D. falling the leaves5.List

42、en, there _. A. goes the bell B. the bell goes C. going the bell D. the bell going 236.Up into the sky _. A.went the light blue smoke B. the light blue went C. go the light blue smoke D. does the light blue smoke go7.Seeing the owner, away _. A. the thief ran B. the thief runs C. did the thief ran D

43、. ran the thief8.-Excuse me, may I use your pen? -Certainly. But I left it in my room. _ A.Here you are to the key B. Here is the key for my room C. Here is the key to my room D. Here the key is9.Hearing “Earthquake!” , out _. A. they rushed B. rushed they C. rushing they D. they rushing10._so hard,

44、 they wouldnt have won the game. A. Hadnt as they trained B. Hardly they trained C. Hadnt they trained D. Were they training2411._so busy, I should come to help you. A. Were I not B. Was I not C. If I am not D. If I were no12.They didnt manage to do so. _. A. Neither do we B. Neither we do C. Neithe

45、r we did D. Neither did we13.Not only _ those who fell behind, but we should try to help them. A.should we look down upon B. we should look down upon C. shouldnt we look down upon D. we shouldnt look down upon14.Not until noon _snowing. A. in the stopped B. did it stop C. had it stopped D. it stoppe

46、d15.Only by this means _. A.we can hope to succeed B. can we hope to succeed C. can we hope to success D. we can hope to success2516._it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the sports meeting. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will17.Not until all the fish died in the river _how serious pollution wa

47、s. A.did the villagers realize B. the villagers realize C. the villagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize18.-Do you know Jim has been fired by his boss? -I dont know, _. A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also19.Only when I finish my homework _watch T

48、V. A. I can be allowed to B. can I be allowed to C. I can be allowed D. can I be allowed20.On a hill in front of them _. A. stands a great castle B. a great castle stands C. stand a great castle D. a great castle stand26 。 21.Not a single song _at yesterdays party. A. she sang B. sang she C. did she

49、 sing D. she did sing 22.No sooner _the telephone rang. A.had he got home then B. he had got home than C. had he got home than D. he had got home then23.The old couple have been married for 40 years and never once _with each other. A. they had quarreled B. they have quarreled C. have they quarreled

50、D. had they quarreled24.Nowhere else in the world _more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find25.He listened so carefully that not a single word _. A. he missed B. did he miss C. he never missed D. did he never miss2726.We waited and waited. _we had been looking forward to. A. Then came the hour B. Then did the hour come C. The hour came D. The hour then came27.Hardly _when it started raining. A. the game had began B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun28.So little _agree on the plan that they