1、第 PAGE18 頁(yè) 共 NUMPAGES18 頁(yè)2022雅思閱讀模擬題：pliance or Nonpliance for Children【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】大為大家準(zhǔn)備了20_年雅思閱讀模擬題：pliance or Nonpliance for Children。雅思模擬試題在雅思備考過(guò)程中所起的作用不可小覷，通過(guò)模擬練習(xí)題，我們可以很直接地理解到自己的備考狀況，從而可以更有針對(duì)性地進(jìn)展之后的復(fù)習(xí)。希望以下內(nèi)容可以對(duì)大家的雅思備考有所幫助!更多雅思報(bào)名官網(wǎng)的最新消息，最新、最專業(yè)的雅思備考資料，大將為大家發(fā)布。pliance or Nonpliance for ChildrenMany Scient

2、ists believe that socialization takes a long process, whilepliance is the outset of it.Accordingly, pliance for education ofchildren is the priority.Motivationally distinct forms of child pliance,mutually positive affect, and maternal control, observed in 3 control conte_tsin 103 dyads of mothers an

3、d their 26-41-month-old children, were e_amined ascorrelates of internalization, assessed using observations of children whilealone with prohibited temptations and maternal ratings.One form of pliance(mitted pliance), when the child appeared mitted wholeheartedly to themutually positive affect was b

4、oth a predictor and a conitant of mittedpliance.Children who shared positive affect with their mothers showed a highlevel of mitted pliance and were also more internalized.Differences andsimilarities between childrens pliance to requests and prohibitions (Dovs.Dont demand conte_ts) were also e_plore

5、d.Maternal Dos appeared morechallenging to toddlers than the Dont.Some individual coherence of behaviorwas also found across both demand conte_ts.The implications of mittedpliance for emerging internalized regulators of conduct are discussed.A number of parents were not easy to be aware of the plian

6、ce, some evenoverlooked their childrens nonpliance.Despite good education, thesechildren did not follow the words from their parents on several occasions,especially boys in certain ages.Fortunately, this rate was acceptable, someparents could be patient with the nonpliance.Someone held that nonplian

7、ceis probably not a wrong thing.In order to determine the effects of differentparental disciplinary techniques on young childrens pliance andnonpliance, mothers were trained to observe emotional incidents involvingtheir own toddler-aged children.Reports of disciplinary encounters wereanalyzed in ter

8、ms of the types of discipline used (reasoning, verbalprohibition, physical coercion, love withdrawal, and binations thereof) andchildrens responses to that discipline (pliance/ nonpliance andavoidance).The relation between pliance/ nonpliance and type of misdeed(harm to persons, harm to property, an

9、d lapses of self-control) was alsoanalyzed.Results indicated that love withdrawal bined with other techniqueswas most effective in securing childrens pliance and that its effectivenessresponses and affective reunification with the parent were more likely to followlove withdrawal than any other techn

10、ique.Physical coercion was somewhat lesseffective than love withdrawal, while reasoning and verbal prohibition were notat all effective e_cept when both were bined with physical coercion.Nonpliant Children sometimes prefer to say no directly as they wereyounger, they are easy to deal with the relati

11、onship with contemporaries whenthey are growing up.During the period that children is getting elder, who maylearn to use more advanced approaches for their nonpliance.They are moreskillful to negotiate or give reasons for refusal rather than show theiropposite idea to parents directly, Said Henry Po

12、rter, scholar working inPsychology Institute of UK.He indicated that nonpliance means growth in someway, may have benefit for children.Many E_perts held different viewpoints inrecent years, they tried drilling pliance into children.His collaboratorWallace Freisen believed that Organizing childs dail

13、y activities so that theyoccur in the same order each day as much as possible.This first strategy fordefiant children is ultimately the most important.Developing a routine helps achild to know what to e_pect and increases the chances that he or she willundesirable activities occur in the same order

14、at optimal times during the day,are that you have developed some type of routine for yourself in terms ofshowering, cleaning your house, or doing other types of work.You have an ideain your mind when you will do these things on a regular basis and this helps youto know what to e_pect.In fact, you ha

15、ve probably already been using most ofthese pliance strategies for yourself without realizing it.For children,without setting these e_pectations on a daily basis by making them part of aregular routine, they can bee very upset.Just like adults, children thinkabout what they plan to do that day and e

16、_pect to be able to do what they want.So, when you e along and ask them to do something they werent alreadyplanning to do that day, this can result in automatic refusals and otherundesirable defiant behavior.However, by using this pliance strategy withdefiant children, these activities are done almo

17、st every day in the same generalorder and the child e_pects to already do them.Doctor Steven Walson addressed that organizing fun activities to occurafter frequently refused activities.This strategy also works as a positivereinforcer when the child plies with your requests.By arranging your day soth

18、at things often refused occur right before highly preferred activities, youare able to eliminate defiant behavior and motivate your childs behavior ofdoing the undesirable activity.This is not to be presented in a way that thepreferred activity is only allowed if a defiant child does the non-preferr

19、edactivity.However, you can word your request in a way so that your child assumesthat you have to do the non-preferred activity before moving on to the ne_tpreferred activity.For e_le, you do not want to say something such as, Ifyou clean your room we can play a game. Instead word your request like

20、this,As soon as you are done cleaning your room we will be able to play that reallyfun game you wanted to play.Psychologist Paul Edith insisted praise is the best way to make children toyou praise your childs behavior, he or she will be more likely to do thatbehavior.So, it is essential to use prais

21、e when working with defiant children.It also provides your child with positive attention.However, it is important toknow how to praise children in a way that encourages future automaticreinforcement for your child when doing a similar behavior.Question 27-31Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, or D.W

22、rite your answers in bo_es 27-31 on your answer sheet.27 The children, especially boys received good education mayA always ply with their parents wordsB be good at mathC have a high score at schoolD disobey their parents order sometimes28 Face to their childrens pliance and nonpliance, parentsA must

23、 be aware of the plianceB ask for help from their teachersC some of them may ignore their nonplianceD pretend not to see29 According to Henry Porter, nonpliance for childrenA are entirely harmfulB may have positive effectsC needs medicine assistanceD should be treated by e_pert doctor30 When childre

24、n are growing up, theyA always try to directly say noB are more skillful to negotiateC learn to cheat instead of nonplianceD tend to keep silent31 Which is the possible reaction the passage mentioned for elder childrenand younger ones if they dont want to ply with the orderA elder children prefer to

25、 refuse directlyB elder ones refuse to answerC younger children may reject directlyD younger ones may save any wordsLook at the following people and list of statements below.Match each person with the correct statement.Write the correct letter A-G in bo_es 32-35 on your answer32 Henry Porter33 Walla

26、ce Freisen34 Steven Walson35 Paul EdithList of statementsA children of all ages will indirectly show nonplianceB elder children tend to negotiate rather than show nonplianceC converse behavior means nonplianceD organizing fun activities to occur after frequently refusedactivitiesE organizing childs

27、daily activities in the same order as much aspossibleF use praise in order to make children pliantG take the children to school at an early ageQuestion 36-40Do the following statements agree with the information given in ReadingPassage?In bo_es 36-40 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement i

28、s trueNO if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage36 Socialization takes a long process, while pliance is the priorresearch subject.37 Parents cognition and attitude to their childrens pliance ornonpliance are varied.38 Younger children choose to be nonpliant

29、because it may be simple toget along with the peers in the same age.39 E_perts never tried drilling pliance into children.40 Psychologist Paul Edith negated the importance that knowing how topraise children in a encouraged way.篇章構(gòu)造兒童的聽(tīng)從與不聽(tīng)從體裁：論說(shuō)文構(gòu)造：(一句話概括每段大意)A段：對(duì)于孩子聽(tīng)從和不聽(tīng)從行為的討論B段：家長(zhǎng)在孩子聽(tīng)從和不聽(tīng)從行為中扮演的角色

30、C段：英國(guó)心理學(xué)家對(duì)不聽(tīng)從行為表示理解以及反對(duì)者的觀點(diǎn)D段：反對(duì)者認(rèn)為孩子應(yīng)該聽(tīng)從的理由E段：反對(duì)者給出如何讓孩子聽(tīng)從的意見(jiàn)F段：新的學(xué)者提出鼓勵(lì)在聽(tīng)從與不聽(tīng)從行為中的作用。試題分析p ：Question 27-40題目類型：?jiǎn)雾?xiàng)選擇題 (5題) 答案： D C B B CList of Statement人名配對(duì) (4題) 答案：B E D FT/F/NG (5題)答案：NG Y Y N N參考譯文：許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為社會(huì)化是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期的過(guò)程，而聽(tīng)從正是其開(kāi)端。相應(yīng)地，對(duì)于孩子的聽(tīng)從觀念的教育就成為優(yōu)先考慮的問(wèn)題，通過(guò)對(duì)3個(gè)控制組中103對(duì)母親和她們26至于4個(gè)月的孩子的觀察，激發(fā)性的兒童聽(tīng)從形式

31、和來(lái)自母親的控制有互相的正面影響，而這個(gè)結(jié)果作為孩子內(nèi)在化的相關(guān)性研究，是通過(guò)給與實(shí)驗(yàn)組的孩子制止性的誘_惑和母親對(duì)孩子干預(yù)的評(píng)級(jí)來(lái)評(píng)定的，聽(tīng)從的形式之一(忠誠(chéng)性聽(tīng)從)是指孩子全身心地聽(tīng)從母親的日程安排，并且很愿意去贊同和承受這種安排，母_子之間這種正面的互相影響既是一種預(yù)示，也是忠城性聽(tīng)從隨之而來(lái)的一種結(jié)果。能和母親分享這種良好的正面影響的孩子表現(xiàn)出很高程度的忠誠(chéng)性聽(tīng)從，同時(shí)也更加愿意把想法藏在心底。孩子對(duì)于要求的聽(tīng)從和制止(“做”與“不做”的要求指示)的差異性和相似性也同時(shí)被探究出來(lái)。對(duì)于蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)，母親對(duì)孩子的“做”的要求指示與“不做”的要求指示相比來(lái)說(shuō)更有挑戰(zhàn)性，而跨越這兩種要

32、求指示的一些個(gè)別的行為連接性也被提醒。而忠誠(chéng)性遵從作為日益顯露的孩子行為的內(nèi)在化的調(diào)節(jié)指標(biāo)成為人們討論的對(duì)象。對(duì)于很多家長(zhǎng)來(lái)說(shuō)，讓他們意識(shí)到聽(tīng)從這件事并不容易，一些家長(zhǎng)甚至忽視孩子的不聽(tīng)從。即使對(duì)于一些承受了良好教育的孩子，他們?cè)诤芏嗲闆r下也不聽(tīng)父母的話，尤其是到了一定年紀(jì)的男孩子。幸運(yùn)的是，這種情況的比率還是在可承受范圍內(nèi)的，一些家長(zhǎng)對(duì)于孩子的這種不聽(tīng)從還是表現(xiàn)出了耐心。有些人認(rèn)為，孩子不聽(tīng)從大概也不是一件錯(cuò)的事情。為了確定不同的家長(zhǎng)訓(xùn)誡方式對(duì)小孩子聽(tīng)從與不聽(tīng)從的影響，母親往往需要訓(xùn)練有素，可以觀察到她們蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子感情變化的細(xì)節(jié)。專家從使用的訓(xùn)誡方式的類型(包括講道理，口頭制止，身體的壓

33、制，對(duì)孩子的關(guān)愛(ài)取消和以上幾種方式的組合)以及孩子對(duì)這些訓(xùn)誡方式的反響(聽(tīng)從或是不聽(tīng)從還是回避)來(lái)分析p 這些有關(guān)訓(xùn)誡方式的報(bào)告。專家還分析p 了聽(tīng)從與不聽(tīng)從和不端行為的類別(包括對(duì)別人的傷害，對(duì)財(cái)務(wù)的損壞以及自我控制的失誤)之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果顯示，對(duì)孩子的關(guān)愛(ài)取消輔以其他的一些訓(xùn)誡方式在保證孩子聽(tīng)從父母意見(jiàn)方面是最有效的，結(jié)果還說(shuō)明這種有效性并不是與關(guān)愛(ài)取消的訓(xùn)誡方式組合的其它方式的功能。和其它訓(xùn)誡方式相比，當(dāng)父母對(duì)孩子取消關(guān)愛(ài)，孩子往往會(huì)對(duì)父母的命令產(chǎn)生回避性的反響，并表現(xiàn)出對(duì)父母的情感回歸，和關(guān)愛(ài)取消的訓(xùn)誡方式相比，對(duì)孩子身體的壓制沒(méi)有那么有效，與此同時(shí)，講道理和口頭制止也一點(diǎn)不起作用，除非它們兩個(gè)和身體壓制這種方式相結(jié)合。英國(guó)心理學(xué)研究所的學(xué)者HenryPorter曾說(shuō)道：“不聽(tīng)話的孩子在他們還小的時(shí)候有時(shí)喜歡直接說(shuō)“不”，在成長(zhǎng)