1、初中被動語態(tài)講解.剖析 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)： 主動語態(tài) (the Active Voice) 被動語態(tài) (the Passive Voice)A. 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者。B. 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。We planted the tree.The tree was planted by us.注：后面能接賓語的動詞才有被動語態(tài)We speak English.主語謂語賓語English is spoken by us.主語謂語賓語主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was

2、cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。1. 一般現(xiàn)在時：is / am / are + 及物動詞的過去分詞 2. 一般過去時：was / were + 及物動詞的過去分詞 3. 現(xiàn)在/過去完成時：has / have/had + been + 及物動詞的過去分詞 4. 一般將來時：will+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 5. 含有情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+ be + 及物動詞的過去分詞 6. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am / is / are + being + 及物動詞的過去分詞歌訣：被動語態(tài)be字變，過去分詞跟后面找一找規(guī)律(一)被動語態(tài)基本用法:當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的執(zhí)

3、行者時，謂語的形式是主動語態(tài)。當(dāng)句子的主語是動作的承受者時，謂語要用被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)由助動詞be+過去分詞構(gòu)成，時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來。be + 過去分詞(二)被動語態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):有各種時態(tài)的變化1.規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：1)一般情況在動詞原形后加-edwatch-watched2)以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的加-dpractice-practiced3)以輔音加y結(jié)尾的，去y變i加-edstudy-studied4)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop-stopped2.不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞：amisarewaswerebeenhavehashaddodonewri

4、tewrittengogone動詞過去分詞的變化:1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：主語+am / is / are + PP2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：主語+was / were + PP3. More man-made satellit

5、es _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：主語+will + be + PP主語+be going to + be + PP4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been built現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：主語+have/ has+ been + PP5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watere

6、d C. should water含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞 + be + PP(四)主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài): (1)把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語;(2)把謂語動詞變成被動結(jié)構(gòu)(be過去分詞) (根據(jù)被動語態(tài)句子里的主語的人稱和數(shù)，以及原來主動語態(tài)句子中動詞的時態(tài)來決定be的形式)。 (3)把主動語態(tài)中的主語放在介詞by之后作賓語，將主格改為賓格。如： They make the bikes in the factory. The bikesin the factory.are madethemby主變被步驟:1.找賓語: 即動作的承受者(改為主語)He washed his car

7、 yesterday. His car3. 判斷新主語的單復(fù)數(shù):確定be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù). be4. 判斷動詞的時態(tài) : 即be動詞的時態(tài).2. 修改謂語的語態(tài):即be+原V.過去分詞 washed5. 修改原句的主語 :即by +主語(變賓格). (by him) yesterday.iswas was1.Tom broke the window.The window 2.She broke the windows.The windows 3.He cleans the classroom everyday. The classroom was brokenby Tom.were brokenb

8、y her.is cleanedby himbe動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)變化:everyday. 1. They will finish the work in ten days.The workin ten days.will be finished(by them)2.They are going to have a show tomorrow.A showis going to be had(by them)tomorrow.1. Amy can take good care of the cat The catcan be taken good care ofby Amy.2. They shou

9、ld sing some beautiful songs.Some beautiful songsby them.should be sung (四)被動語態(tài)的特殊情況:1.在主動語態(tài)中,make, let, hear, see, watch, notice等詞,其后跟省略to的動詞不定式(動詞原形),在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,必須還原動詞不定式符號to.如: 1) We heard him sing this song in the room. He was heard to sing this song in the room.2) The boss made him work 14 hours

10、a day. He was made to work 14 hours a day. 3) I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school. A traffic accident _(happen) just now.happened2. 連系動詞（Link.v.) 如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn, becomePeking Opera _ (sound) beautiful.sounds3. 當(dāng)此動詞表示事物的自然屬性的時候:The pen _ (wri

11、te) very fast.writesThis kind of sweater _ (sell) well. sells1. 不及物動詞（vi.) 如:happen, take place, appear, disappear, 不用被動語態(tài)的動詞： (表示主語的自然屬性特征) + 副詞 (well/ badly/easily/smoothly),常見動詞：read, write, sell, wash, clean, wear, lock, open, cook, shut, dry, eat, drink, The books _ well A. were sold B. sell C.

12、 have sold D. are being soldThis kind of cloth _ easily A. has washed B. was washed C. washes D. is washed1. Many accidents_ by careless drivers last year.A. are caused B. were causedC. have caused D. will cause2. An official _ by some reporters on food problems in Shanghai yesterday.A. is interview

13、ing B. is interviewed C. was interviewing D. was interviewed3. Today a lot of information can _ online. A. receive B. be received C. is received D. receiving4. Im glad to find that many trees_ in our city last year.A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted5. Driving after drinking wine in C

14、hina. A. allows B. doesnt allow C. is allowed D. isnt allowed6. Dont worry. Your package here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept7. Its true that Shakespeares play _ by so many people every year.A. see B. will see C. are seeing D. ar

15、e seenCorrecting mistakeCorrect the mistake(s) in each sentence if any:1)Two boys hurt while playing a ball2)The singer lived in London until he was sending to university3)How long do you think the meeting will be lasted?4)Class is begun at 7:30 every day5)His plan is sounded good1.樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大,

16、但不要太深;3.把樹放進(jìn)坑里,扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍子插直了;6.用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水. 根據(jù)提示寫一篇以How to Plant a Tree?為題目的短文，要求內(nèi)容齊全，上下文連貫。盡量使用被動語態(tài)，80詞左右。Writing1.樹要在春天種;2.樹坑要挖得夠大,但不要太深;3.把樹放進(jìn)坑里, 扶直;4.把泥推回坑里,用腳踩實;5.在旁邊插一根堅實的長棍子,并且保證棍子插直了;6.用繩子（rope）把棍子和樹綁起來7.澆好水.be plantedbe dugbig enoughtoo deepput intobe kept straightpush back topush hard with knock into be kept straightbe tied to withbe watered well Trees must be planted in Spring. The hole must be dug large enough but not too deep. Put the tree into the hole and it