1、英語(yǔ)句子的成分與結(jié)構(gòu)什么是句子？ 字母 單詞 詞組 句子 段落 篇章句子的分類簡(jiǎn)單句（由一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成。含陳述句、感嘆句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句） eg. She is a teacher. 并列句 （兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句用并列連詞連在一起構(gòu)成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句”。 ） eg. I like reading and she likes it, too.復(fù)合句 (復(fù)合句指的是含有兩個(gè)或更多的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，其中有一個(gè)（或更多）主謂結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)句子的某一（些）成分，如主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句

2、都屬于復(fù)合句。 )暫不講 句子由什么成分構(gòu)成句子成分主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)（subject） 用于說(shuō)明人或事物執(zhí)行某一動(dòng)作，表明“誰(shuí)”或“什么”。常由名詞n.、代詞pron.和數(shù)詞num.來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。如： 名詞作主語(yǔ)（A boy is singing.）;代詞作主語(yǔ)（You are so fat.）;數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)（Two is enough）動(dòng)名詞和to do 不定式（暫不講）作主語(yǔ)Eg： Learning English well is very important.判斷下列句中的主語(yǔ)I want to play football.Doing homework need to be ca

3、reful.Three is enough.Li Ming, Tom and I went to the zoo yesterday.It is useful to have an English dictionary謂語(yǔ)（verb）常稱謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 謂語(yǔ)是對(duì)主語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的陳述或說(shuō)明，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ) “ 是什么”或“ 怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的位置一般在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)由簡(jiǎn)單動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（助動(dòng)詞或 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主要?jiǎng)釉~）構(gòu)成。She likes toys. 她喜歡玩具。He learns English well他英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好。 I made a birthday cake last night. 昨晚我做好了

4、你的生日蛋糕。I dont care about you. 我不在乎你You must study hard. 你必須努力學(xué)習(xí)判斷下列句中的謂語(yǔ)She doesnt want a cup of tea.Our school is trying to be better.A lot of students came here.You should study Chinese hard.賓語(yǔ)（object） 常位于及物動(dòng)詞后。 由名詞n.、代詞pron.、數(shù)詞num.、不定式to do/doing或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。如： 名詞作賓語(yǔ) Show your passport, please.

5、 請(qǐng)出示護(hù)照。 He learns English well他英語(yǔ)學(xué)得好。 She likes toys. 她喜歡玩具。 Im interested in handwriting我對(duì)書法很感興趣。代詞作賓語(yǔ) He didnt say anything. 她什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)。 I dont care about you. 我不在乎你。數(shù)詞作賓語(yǔ) How many do you want? - I want two. 你要幾個(gè)？ 我要兩個(gè)。 We need three together. 我總共需要三個(gè)。不定式to do 或doing作賓語(yǔ) They asked to see my passport.

6、他們要求看我的護(hù)照。 I enjoy working with you. 我和你們一道工作很愉快。名詞化的形容詞作賓語(yǔ) They sent the injured to hospital. 他們把傷員送到醫(yī)院。 從句作賓語(yǔ) Did you write down what he said? 你把他的話記下了沒(méi)有？ 關(guān)于賓語(yǔ)的延伸拓展動(dòng)賓搭配：英語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞后必須有賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)一般放及物動(dòng)詞之后，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。介賓搭配：除及物動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)之外，英語(yǔ)介詞后面也要有賓語(yǔ)。另外，某些形容詞如worth,careful等后也可有賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)的分類賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)兩大類。即指人的間接賓

7、語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)，這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)稱為“雙賓語(yǔ)”。 其中直接賓語(yǔ)指動(dòng)作的直接對(duì)象，間接賓語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的非直接，但受動(dòng)作影響的對(duì)象。一般而言，及物動(dòng)詞后面最少要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，而該賓語(yǔ)通常為直接賓語(yǔ)，有些及物動(dòng)詞要求兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，則這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)通常一個(gè)為直接賓語(yǔ)，另一個(gè)為間接賓語(yǔ)。（需要識(shí)記能夠加雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞give/show/buy/ask/bring/send等）Show your ticket.Show me your ticket.判斷下列句中的賓語(yǔ)My teacher gave me a new book.You should study Chinese hard.Can you help me to

8、 do my homework?This computer is mine.表語(yǔ) (predicate)位于 “主系表”結(jié)構(gòu)中，系詞之后。結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+系詞 + 表語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞包括系動(dòng)詞be及半系動(dòng)詞（look/smell/sound/taste/feel/get/become /turn）表語(yǔ)用于表述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)、特征、身份等。 可由名詞n.、數(shù)詞num.、代詞pron.、形容詞adj. to do 不定式和介詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。 She is a teacher. (n.作表語(yǔ)) The number is two. （num.作表語(yǔ)） The bike is hers. （pron.作表語(yǔ)） It t

9、astes good.（adj.作表語(yǔ)） She looks nice她看上去很漂亮。（adj. 作表語(yǔ)） Ann is in the classroom安在教室里。（介詞短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)） My duty is to take good care of you.補(bǔ)語(yǔ) （complement）補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)“做什么”或“處于某種狀態(tài)”。可由形容詞adj.、名詞n. 等充當(dāng)。如： I painted the bookcase pink.我把書架刷成了粉色。 （形容詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)） The teacher call me Lucy老師叫我露茜。（名詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)） 定語(yǔ)（attribute） 用于修飾和限制名

10、詞或代詞的成分，表明“誰(shuí)的”、“怎么樣”等。 多由形容詞adj.、名詞n.、數(shù)詞 num.、代詞pron.和介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。如：She is a beautiful girl.（adj.作定語(yǔ)） (注意與表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行區(qū)分 She is beautiful.)My friend is a middle school student我的朋友是一名中學(xué)生。（n.作定語(yǔ)）Hes the first teacher in this school. (num.作定語(yǔ))This is my school. (pron.作定語(yǔ))The man with black glasses liked sweet foo

11、d（介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)）The question discussed yesterday is very important.The school which is famous here has a long history.狀語(yǔ)（adverbial） 用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句的成分。 用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或行為的狀況、程度、趨向、結(jié)果、原因、時(shí)間等。常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等來(lái)充當(dāng)。如： Bruce speaks English very well（副詞作狀語(yǔ)） Dick lived in the country a few years ago（介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)）I will go shoppin

12、g tomorrow.He runs quickly.She has slim diets to keep fit.Tom went abroad by air. 簡(jiǎn)單句的5種基本句型1、主+謂（s+v） 在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞。 He runs. She listens carefully.2、主+系+表（s+v+p）在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的系動(dòng)詞包括：be動(dòng)詞和（look/smell/sound/taste/feel/get/become/turn）She is a teacher. (n.作表語(yǔ))The number is two. （num.作表語(yǔ)）The bike is hers

13、. （pron.作表語(yǔ)）It tastes good.（adj.作表語(yǔ)）3、主+謂+賓(s+v+o)在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞。因此有賓語(yǔ)。She saw a film. I like this book.(回顧前文謂語(yǔ)部分句子，判斷主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)的句子)4、主+謂+間賓+直賓（s+v+o1+o2）在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，常見的后接雙賓的動(dòng)詞有：give/show/buy/ask/bring/sendShe gave me a book. I send him a card. 間賓 直賓5、主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)（s+v+o+c）可作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的有形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)They made the

14、 girl angry.I call her Chun Lin. 課堂練習(xí)判斷下面句子屬于哪種結(jié)構(gòu)My father bought me a story book .Give me the bag.I found him at school.Let me help you.He is a teacher.I dont like playing basketball.Mary and Tom are my friends. He runs fast and jumps high. They are writing letters. The teacher asked him a question

15、. I want him to become willing. We all saw him crying there.分析下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)與成分We are good friends.You will have a happy life in the future.I had a nice day with my family in the park today.He sends me his family photos.名 詞 性 從 句名詞：名詞的性質(zhì)：從：句:book; friend; Kate This is . is interesting.I bought today. likes

16、 the book.從屬，服從，不獨(dú)立句子，動(dòng)詞表現(xiàn)為時(shí)態(tài)形式同位語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)The booka book the bookMy friendKate如果不是由news, story, question, garden這樣的名詞充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)，而是由一個(gè)句子替代了這個(gè)本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謺r(shí)，會(huì)怎樣?主語(yǔ) _ is true.賓語(yǔ) I believe _. 表語(yǔ) That is _.同位語(yǔ) （對(duì)前面名詞內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋）I accepted _ _.Theyll visit _ _.What he talked aboutThe newshis storywhat he told m

17、ewhat he asked mehis question. that all of us should attend the meeting tomorrowhis opinion a beautiful backyard garden of BeijingHuairou為什么有時(shí)用what而有時(shí)用that?有沒(méi)有規(guī)律呢？從句從句從句從句名詞性從句，I dont know what we should buy.I believe that you are an honest boy.What we can do now is to work hard.That the earth is ro

18、und was not accepted 400 years ago.The problem is what should be built up at the centre of the city.His reason for his absence is that his mother got badly ill last week. 為什么有時(shí)用what而有時(shí)用that?_ _ _ _ _首先要能識(shí)別名詞性從句嗎答案是:從句本身缺少sth,用what替代；從句本身不缺成分，只陳述事實(shí)觀點(diǎn)，用that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句三部曲著眼點(diǎn)在于表現(xiàn)為有時(shí)態(tài)形式的動(dòng)詞（動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)）根據(jù)有時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)確定主句。查看主句是否缺少本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧? 如果本該由名詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，卻由一個(gè)句子來(lái)代替（其中一定有一個(gè)表現(xiàn)為時(shí)態(tài)形式的動(dòng)詞），把它定為名詞性從句。然后根據(jù)主句所缺名詞性成分，明確其為何種類型名詞性從句。*最后根據(jù)該類型從句本身所缺成分，確定適當(dāng)連結(jié)代詞(副詞),并放在從句句首。*主語(yǔ) _ is true.賓語(yǔ) I believe _. 表語(yǔ) That is _.同位語(yǔ) （對(duì)前面名詞內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋）I accepted _ _.What he talked aboutThe newshis storywhat he told mewhat he asked m