1、Air Pollution Control EngineeringGeneral Theories for Air Pollution Control Introduction to Air Pollution Air Pollution Effects (Chapt. 2 and Chapt. 14) Air Pollution Laws and Regulations (Chapt. 3 ) Air Pollution Measurements (Chapt. 4 ) Meteorology for Air Pollution (Chapt. 5 ) Air Pollution Conce

2、ntration Models (Chapt. 6 ) General Ideas in Air Pollution Control (Chapt. 7 )Control of Four Major Air Pollutants Particulate Pollutants (Chapt. 8 and Chapt. 9 ) Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) (Chapt. 10 ) Sulfur Oxides (Chapt. 11 ) Nitrogen Oxides (Chapt. 12 ) The Motor Vehicle Emission Problem

3、(Chapt. 13 ) Examination and Achievements Attendance and Discussions (10%) Exercises (10%) Presentation (10%) Final Tests (70%)Reference Textbook: Noel de Nevers. Air Pollution Control Engineering (Second edition). McGraw-Hill Companies, 2000 References 郝吉明、馬廣大編. 大氣污染控制工程. 北京：高教出版社，2002 馬廣大編著. 大氣污染控

4、制工程. 北京：中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社，1985 郭靜、阮宜綸主編. 大氣污染控制工程. 北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社. 2001 李廣超主編. 大氣污染控制技術(shù). 北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2001 Website , U.S Environmental Protection Agency , 中國(guó)環(huán)境保護(hù)部網(wǎng) 1. Layers of the atmosphereMount EverestIonosphereAuroras MeteorsOzonosphereTroposphere (對(duì)流層 )Lowest layer 0 to 15 kmContains 80% of the mass of the a

5、tmosphere.Layer where weather occurs.Temperature decreases with height.Stratosphere (平流層 )Occurs between 15 and 50 km above the surface.Temperature increases with height.Contains 18% of the mass of the atmosphere.Contains ozone (O3) that shields the surface from ultraviolet (UV) radiation.Atmosphere

6、逆溫層Stratosphereozone shield對(duì)流層Troposphere17 km12 mi50 km31 miUltra violet penetrationphotochemical smogacidic precipitationglobal warmingIndoor air pollutionozone depletionAtmospheric Composition2. Definition of Air Pollution112. Definition of Air PollutionAir Pollution may be defined as any atmosph

7、eric condition in which substances are present at concentrations high enough above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable harmful effect on man, animals, vegetation, or materials.Air Pollution is the presence of undesirable materials in air, in quantities large enough to produce harmful

8、 effects. The undesirable materials may damage human health, vegetation, human property, or the global environment as well as create aesthetic insults in the form of brown or hazy air or unpleasant smells.如果大氣中的物質(zhì)達(dá)到一定濃度，并持續(xù)足夠的時(shí)間，以致對(duì)公眾健康、動(dòng)物、植物、材料、大氣特性或環(huán)境美學(xué)產(chǎn)生可測(cè)量的不利影響，這就是大氣污染。 2 Common Air PollutantsSu

9、lfur Dioxide Hydrocarbons Ozone Total Suspended Particulate Matter Nitrogen Oxides Carbon Monoxide Lead Carbon Dioxide 13 Emission sources Source control Atmosphere Receptors Receptors Humans Animals Plants MaterialsresponseAutomatic controlLegislative action Emission sourcesAtmosphere Receptors pol

10、lutantsmixed and chemical transformation3. Air Pollution Systems（空氣污染系統(tǒng)） 14The contents of air pollution systemSources of air pollutantsControl methodsAtmospheric behavior of air pollutantsEffects of air pollutantsLegislative and regulatory measures Natural Sources Volcanoes Coniferous forests Fores

11、t fires Pollens SporesDust storms Hot springs Man-made Sources Fuel combustion - Largest contributor Chemical plants Motor vehicles Power and heat generators Waste disposal sites Operation of internal-combustion engines 4. Emission sources16Sources of airborne pollution in Asia are many: power gener

12、ation, industry, traffic, home cooking, and biomass burningSource: David Streets. Energy Use, Emissions, and Air Pollution in Asia5 Source Classification (A) Primary Secondary(B) Combustion Non-combustion (C) Stationary Mobile(D) Point:These sources include facilities that emit sufficient amounts of

13、 pollutants worth listing Area: all other point sources that individually emit a small amount of pollutants Natural (biogenic)(E) Classification for reporting air emissions to the public: Transportation sources: Includes emissions from transportation sources during the combustion processStationary c

14、ombustion sources: These sources produce only energy and the emission is a result of fuel combustion Industrial sources: These sources emit pollutants during the manufacturing of productsSolid waste Disposal: Includes facilities that dispose off unwanted trashMiscellaneous: sources that do no fit in

15、 any of the above categories like forest fires, coal mining etc.5 Source Classification6 Classification of Pollutants Primary pollutants: remain in the same chemical form, as they are released from a source directly into the atmosphere.Sources of Primary Air PollutantsPollutantSourcesCarbon monoxide

16、Incomplete burning of fossil fuels, Tobacco smokeHydrocarbonsIncomplete burning of fossil fuels, Tobacco burningParticulatesChemicals, Burning fossil fuels, Farming operations, Industrial wastes, Building demolitionSulfur dioxideBurning fossil fuels, Smelting oreNitrogen compoundsBurning fossil fuel

17、s20Secondary air pollutants: compounds that results from the interaction of various primary air pollutants.Photochemical smog is a mixture of pollutants resulting from the interaction of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons with ultraviolet light.The two most destructive components of photochemical smog

18、 are ozone(O3) and peroxyacetylnitrates(PAN，過(guò)氧乙酰硝酸酯) 6 Classification of Pollutants21Photochemical smog7 Physical Forms of Air Pollutants Gaseous form Sulfur dioxide Ozone Hydro-carbon vapors Particulate form Smoke Dust Fly ash Mists 8 Toxic Air PollutantsToxic air pollutants may originate from natural sources as well as from manmade sources such as stationary