1、 “閱讀短文回答問題”解題技巧 課標(biāo)初中生要達(dá)到的五級 閱讀目標(biāo)要求：能理解段落中個句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系能讀懂相應(yīng)水平的常見體裁的讀物能根據(jù)不同的閱讀目的運(yùn)用簡單的閱讀策略獲取信息 考試說明要求：1. 能獲取文章的具體信息2. 能理解歸納文章的主旨要義題型介紹 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容回答問題是閱讀理解的一道重要題型。此題為5個問題，問題設(shè)計一般比較簡單，多數(shù)考題針對文章中的事實細(xì)節(jié)，答案都能在原文中找到出處。最后一個問題通常為開放性題目，往往需要概括文章主旨要義。 09-12年北京中考卷中此題型五道題分析文章字?jǐn)?shù)一般疑問句選擇疑問句特殊疑問句事實細(xì)節(jié)概括主旨201324875題無76-7975-78792

2、01422665題66題67-6965-686920158365題無66-6965-68692016186無無64-6864-6768歷史回顧 近幾年的中考題中，特殊疑問句的比例在增大，2012年達(dá)到了100%；選擇疑問句近五年中考只在2010年考了1題；一般疑問句由原來的必考1題在2012年也宣告了它的終結(jié)。未來預(yù)測 命題難度將有所上升，突出能力考查與選拔功能，這主要表現(xiàn)在命題從不同角度，不同思維方式出發(fā)，除了考查準(zhǔn)確獲得信息的能力外更多的是測試綜合運(yùn)用英語的能力。提問類型1.由一般疑問句引出的判斷題（Yes或No回答）2.由選擇疑問句（ A or B）來提問文章的細(xì)節(jié)。（選擇A或者B來回答

3、）3.由特殊疑問詞Who(人物)、Where(地點(diǎn))、 When(時間)、What(事件)、Why(原因)、 How(方式)引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句來提問文章 的細(xì)節(jié)。（根據(jù)文章細(xì)節(jié)回答）4.用一句話概括文章大意，提問形式如下：Whats the main idea of the passage?What are the purposes of celebrating the Earth Day?What are the main points about . in this passage?（概括文章大意）解題技巧答題時，要了解不同問題的回答方式。1. 一般疑問句用Yes/No回答，相對簡單些，只要

4、理解文章含義，能判斷出是或不是就可以了。2. 選擇疑問句回答時不用Yes/No，需選擇其中正確的一部分來做答。66Was the area rich or poor in the 1950s? It was poor. 真題鏈接2010年中考題66. Is playing in water a good choice or a bad one?A good choice. 模擬鏈接2011海淀二模題解題技巧3. 回答特殊疑問句較為復(fù)雜，要注意問題與回答在形式上的對應(yīng)。(1)問目的，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用 for短語，不定式短語等來回答；(2)問原因，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用 because of 短語或because 從句

5、來回答；(3)問方式，就應(yīng)當(dāng)用 By doing來回答；(4)問時間、地點(diǎn)時，答語中不要忘記介詞。(5)提問詞是what 只能用完整句子、名詞或名詞性短語、名詞性從句(多為賓語從句)來回答;79. What are the purposes of celebrating the Earth Day? 真題鏈接2009年中考題To help more people realize the importance of protecting the earth and encourage people to take action. 69. What is the writers purpose o

6、f writing this passage? To give suggestions about whatto do to feel good and have fun onhot days. 模擬鏈接2011海淀二模題67. Why should they have proper weight? 真題鏈接2012年中考題Because they wont get hurt when they land ,or get blown by strong winds.67Why did the restaurant workers have no time to learn English? 真

7、題鏈接2010年中考題Because they often worked 17 hours a day.78. Why did Chinese people have “ByeBye Throwaway Culture Week”? 真題鏈接2009年中考題Because they wanted everyone to stop throwing away plastic bags.18. How did young Chico get money? 真題鏈接2008年中考題 By taking a little rubber66. How do we make our mother feel

8、 close to us? 模擬鏈接2012 海淀一模題By respecting her point of view. 20. When was Chico murdered? 真題鏈接2008年中考題 On December 22，198865. Where do they jump from? 真題鏈接2012年中考題 They jump from planes.64. What are Smokejumpers? 真題鏈接2012年中考題 Smokejumpers are a special kind of firefighter. 65. What can help us under

9、stand our mother better? 模擬鏈接2012年海淀一題Remembering / Knowing our mothers age.解題步驟1. 初讀文章，標(biāo)好段。2. 根據(jù)問題中的 key words 在文章中定位 信息。-穩(wěn)、準(zhǔn)、快3. 表述信息 精（煉） 準(zhǔn) (確) 變?nèi)朔Q時態(tài)閱讀回答問題第5題的解法1.要點(diǎn)通常包括兩個或多于兩個。2.抓住文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，通過語篇結(jié)構(gòu)分析文章的主旨大意。3.記住下列單詞的拼寫及中文意思：development (n.), history (n.) ,(dis)advantage (n.) , Importance (n.) , sugge

10、stion (n.) value (n.) information (n.), Introduction (n.), feature (n.)，responsible (adj.) , creative (adj.) successful (adj.) confident, (adj.) achieve (v.), encourage (v.)4.最后一題通常是用陳述句。記住這些有用的句型：Its( about)Whatis and howTo helpand encourage2012年中考題 Para4. Although most smokejumpers are men, more w

11、omen are joining. Most important are your weight and height. Smokejumpers in the U.S. for example ,must be 54 to 91 kilograms, so they dont get hurt when they land, or get blown by strong winds. Para5. Smokejumpers must be able to live in the wilderness. in Russia ,many smokejumpers know how to find

12、 food in the forest and even make simple furniture from trees. Para6. They work is dangerous, the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smokejumpers isnt just a job. They love being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumpers Alexi Tishi

13、n says,“This is the best job for the strong and brave.” 真題鏈接68. Whats needed to be a smokejumpers? 此題答案應(yīng)在4、5、6段中找，劃線部分為答題依據(jù)。表述時要把它們歸納成一句。To be a smokejumper,one needs to have proper height and weight, be able to live in the wilderness and love his/her job.2011年中考題 We need to be responsible for our e

14、nvironment. Being a frugal consumer(節(jié)儉的消費(fèi)者) is one way to help. But, what exactly does that mean? Use It Up You can use things up instead of wasting them. Squeeze that last bit of toothpaste out of the tube. Use the last little piece of soap. . Wear It Out You do not always need to have new things.

15、Suppose your sneakers anymore. Then you can get a new one. 真題鏈接68. What does the writer want to tell us?此題語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是解題關(guān)鍵，文中有小標(biāo)題,文章為總-分結(jié)構(gòu)?？?分結(jié)構(gòu)的主旨大意應(yīng)該在“總”-也就是第一段中找。作者在第一段就開門見山說明要對環(huán)境負(fù)責(zé)，下面每一個小標(biāo)題都在說what exactly a frugal consumer means，也就是how to be a frugal consumer。Why and how to be a responsible consumer. 2

16、012年朝陽一模題 模擬鏈接68. What does the writer want to tell us?此題語篇結(jié)構(gòu)是解題關(guān)鍵，文中有小標(biāo)題,文章為總-分結(jié)構(gòu)?？?分結(jié)構(gòu)的主旨大意應(yīng)該在“總”-也就是第一段中找。the road rules是關(guān)鍵詞，下面的小標(biāo)題都是在說road rules,最后的小標(biāo)題在說more information，也需要總結(jié)。Some road rules and the ways to get more information on road safety in New Zealand. 2010年中考題 真題鏈接69.What are the main po

17、ints about Chinatown in this passage?歸納第一段大意為Where it is，其余段落作者是按照時間順序?qū)懙目煽偨Y(jié)為how it has developed。Where it is and how it has developed. Chinatown is the name given to an area in the middle of LondonIt is just between Leicester Square and Shaftsbury AvenueGerrard Street is at the center and is the mos

18、t important street in the areaThere is a large Chinese community（社區(qū)）with a lot of Chinese restaurants, Chinese supermarkets and shops in this street In the 1950s, it was a poor area and everything was very cheap.In the 1970s and 1980s, British-born Chinese started to have a better education and this

19、 brought .Now everyone knows about Londons ChinatownDuring the Chinese New Year, .2011年海淀一模題 模擬鏈接69.What are the main points about the Twins Day Festival in this passage? 歸納第一段大意為What the Twins Day Festival is，其余段落作者是按照時間順序?qū)懙目煽偨Y(jié)為how it has developed。What the Twins Day Festival is and how it has deve

20、loped. 2009年中考題 真題鏈接79. What are the purposes of celebrating the Earth Day?To help more people realize the importanceof protecting the earth and encouragepeople to take action. 2009年中考題 真題鏈接 One cool April 22 morning, people started the day as usual. Yet it was not a normal day. Whats so special abo

21、ut April 22? The answer is simple. It is Earth Day. People all over the world celebrate this important day. The idea of having a special day to celebrate Earth began in the 1960s. Life was very different then. Few people talked or even thought about the environment. Most people had no idea how dirty

22、 our air and water were. On April 22, 1970, twenty million (百萬) Americans joined the first Earth Day activities. They showed that people really did want to do something about the environment. Since then laws have been passed to protect the air, water, land, and animals. The vehicles such as cars and

23、 buses you ride in must pass tests to make sure they dont cause too much pollution. Thanks to this law, cars today release (排放) about half as many bad chemicals as cars did back in 1970. As a result, the air we breathe is cleaner than it once was. Rivers and lakes are also cleaner today than they were in the 1970s. Its a good thing because they needed a lot of help. The Cuyahoga River in Ohio was so polluted that rubbish and oil on the river even caught fire! Today, the river is cleaner. It no longer burns. Its healthy eno