1、高考英語中常見易混句型用法辨析從一道高考題談起2001年高考中有這么一道單項(xiàng)選擇題：_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What此題的答案為B, as 在這引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，修飾后面這句內(nèi)容。但有學(xué)生不明白為什么不選A或D。這就說明他們對(duì)一些句型結(jié)構(gòu)分辨不清，我們把題目做以下變化：(1) _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once ever

2、y month. (2) _is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.題答案為A。it作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導(dǎo)的從句。再如： （2004北京）The Foreign Minister said，“ _ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is (D)(NMET1995)_ is a fact that English i

3、s being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It (D)而(2)題答案為 D，what在此引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句，它在從句當(dāng)中又充當(dāng)主語，而后面的that引導(dǎo)的從句則是表語從句。再如：(2004北京) _ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress.A. It B. As C. That D. What (B)(2004江蘇)_ is often the case, we ha

4、ve worked out the production plan.A. Which B. When C. What D. As (D)(1999上海) is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It (B)所以易混句型是廣大學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的一個(gè)難點(diǎn)，也是高考中的一個(gè)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容，不但在單項(xiàng)選擇題中出現(xiàn)，而且在短文改錯(cuò)中，完型填空中也有涉及。筆者連續(xù)任教高三畢業(yè)班，根據(jù)對(duì)教材，教學(xué)大綱、考試大綱以及對(duì)歷年的特別是近年的練習(xí)題、

5、高考模擬題、高考試題進(jìn)行分 析、研究和歸納，總結(jié)出以下常見易混句型，加以辨析，供同學(xué)們參考，不足之處請(qǐng)同行指正。一、(1) It was 3 years _ he came back. (2) It was 3 years ago _ he came back. (3) It is 3 years _ he came back. A. since B. that C. when D. before辨析：(1)題答案為D.意為“過了三年，他才回來。”It在此表時(shí)間，特別注意，主、從句時(shí)態(tài)的一致。再如：But it will be more than 100years before the cou

6、ntry begins once again to look as it did before.(SEFC, SB2A ,P64)此復(fù)合句中的從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來動(dòng)作。(2004福建)Scientists say it may be five or six years _ it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.A. since B. after C. before D. when (C)題答案為B。是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。此句型特點(diǎn)是可以還原。如此句可還原成He came back 3 years ago.再如： (NMET200

7、0) It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. one B. that C. what D. it (B)(NMET1998) It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.A. that B. until C. before D. when (A)題答案為A. since表從過去到現(xiàn)在為止。 二、(1)It was midnight _ he ret

8、urned home. (2)It was at midnight _ he returned home. A. when B. that C. before D. since辨析：(1)題答案可為A. when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句?！癐t”在此表時(shí)間。再如：（NMET2000） It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year, _for the first time in years their team won the World Cup.A. that B. while C. which D. when (D)(1)題答

9、案也可為C,意為“他還沒回到家就已經(jīng)是半夜了?！?再如：(2004天津) It was evening _ we reached the little town of Winchester.A. that B. until C. since D. before (D)(2)題答案是B。強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。三、(1) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _ women. (2) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workfo

10、rce of 400 Cambodians, and most of _ women. (3) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _are women. A. them B. them are C. whom D. that辨析：(1)題答案選A.為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。Most of them 與women構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。 (2)題答案為B. and連接兩個(gè)并列句。(3)題答案為C. whom引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句，起補(bǔ)充作用。再如：(NMET1

11、990) He paid the boy 10for washing ten windows, most of _hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.A. these B. those C. that D. which (D)四、(1)_ hard he works, he wont succeed.(2) Hard_ he works, he wont succeed. (3)_ he works hard, he wont succeed. (4)_his hard work, he wont succeed.(5) He works hard;

12、he wont succeed, _. A . although (though) B. However (however) C. As (as) D. In (in) spite of E. Although (although)辨析：(1)題答案為B。however hard等于No matter how hard引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。再如：(NMET 1999) Well have to finish the job, _. A. long it takes however B. it takes however long C. long however it takes D. howeve

13、r long it takes (D)（NMET1995）If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,_ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever (C )（2004湖北）You should try to get a good nights sleep _ much work you have to do.Ahowever B. no matter C. although D. whatever (A)(2)題答案為A或C。as與 though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語

14、從句用倒裝語序。再如： (2001上海)_, I have never seen anyone whos as capable as John. A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much (C)(3)題答案為A或E。引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。再如： (2003北京春季)Mr. Hall understands that _ math has always been easy for him, it i

15、s not easy for the students. A. unless B. since C. although D. when (C)(4)題答案為D。in spite of 為短語介詞，后接名詞，做讓步狀語。(5)題答案為A或B。though與 however做副詞，意為“然而，卻”。五、(1) Is this school _ you visited the other day? (2)Is this this school _ you visited the other day? (3)Is this school _ you worked two years ago? (4)I

16、s this the school _ you worked two years ago? A. which B. where C. what D. the one E. in which辨析：題(1)答案為C或 D。選C，what引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中做賓語，選D，the one做先行詞， you visited the other day為定語從句。再如：(2004天津) A modern city has been set up in _ was a wasteland ten years ago.A. what B. which C. that D. where (A) (2003春招

17、)Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats _. A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited (A)(2002上海)Perseverance is a kind of quality -and thats _ it takes to do anything well. A. what B. that C. which D. why (A)(2)題答案為

18、A。 which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng) visited賓語。再如：(2003北京)York,_ last year, is a nice old city. A. that I visited B. which I visited C. where I visited D. in which I visited (B)(3)題答案為B，where引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中做狀語，可譯為 “的地方”. 再如：（NMET2004）You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree.A. why B. whe

19、re C. what D. how (B)(4)題答案為B或E，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。再如：（2004湖南）I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that (C)(2003上海)I can think of many cases _ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why

20、 B. which C. as D. where (D)(2002北京)We will be shown around the city, schools, museums and some other places, _ other visitors seldom go. A. what B. which C. where D. when (C)六、(1) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like. (2) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like it

21、. A. that B. which C. as D. when 辨析：(1)題答案為C. “suchas”結(jié)構(gòu)，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做賓語。再如：(2000上海春招)These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. like B. as C. that D. which (B)(2)題答案為A ，“suchthat”結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。七、(1)Chaplin, for _ life had once been very hard, directed a film about the worker

22、s life in an American factory.(SEFC,2A, P29). (2)Chaplin,_ life had once been very hard, directed a film about the workers life in an American factory. A. who B. that C. whom D. whose辨析：(1)題答案為C. whom引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，做前置介詞的賓語。再如: (2000)The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B.

23、about whom C. whom D. with whom (B)(2)題答案為D。 whose引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中做定語。再如： (2001上海春招)Have you seen the film “Titanic”, _ leading actor is world-famous? A. its B. its C. whose D which (C)八、(1)He was ill, _ he was absent from school. (2)He was ill, _ reason he was absent from school. (3)He was ill, and

24、_ reason he was absent from school. (4)He was ill. Thats _ he was absent from school. (5He was absent from school. Thats _ he was ill. (6)I dont believe the reason _ he was absent from school. (7)I dont believe the reason _ he explained for his absence from school. A. which B. for which C. for that

25、D. because of which E. because F. why(1)題答案為D。 which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，修飾前面整個(gè)句子內(nèi)容(He was ill)再如：（2004）Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _ ,of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C. what D. which (D)(NMET 2000 )Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play

26、,_, of course, made the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. this D. what (B)(2000春招)The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what (C)(2)題答案為B。which 引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，在從句中做定語。for reason為固定搭配。(3)題答案為C。and 連接兩個(gè)并列分句。(4)題答案為F。why引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，（表語從句），可譯為“的原因”再如：(NMET1999

27、)-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. -Is that _ you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where (A)(5)題答案為E。because 表原因。再如：(2004上海) Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.A. because B. though C. unless D.

28、 if (A)(6)題答案為B或 F。why = for which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做狀語。 (7)題答案為A。which引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做賓語。九、(1)_ made his teacher angry. (2)_, his teacher got angry. (3)_, which made his teacher angry. A. He being late B. His being late C. He was late D. His late辨析：(1) 題答案為B。-ing 形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)His being late在句中做主語。(2)題答案為A 。He being

29、late 為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中做狀語。(3)題答案為C。為一個(gè)完整的句子，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾這個(gè)句子。十、(1) It was not until 12 oclock _home. (2) Not until 12 oclock_ home. A. did he return B. he returned C. that he returned D. that did he return辨析：(1)題答案為C。為強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。再如：(NMET1992) It was not _ she took off her dark glass _ I realized she was a

30、famous film star. A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then (B) (NMET1995) It was not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began. A. while B. which C. that D. since (C)(2)題答案為A。否定詞提前，句子用倒裝語序。再如：(2000上海)Not a single song _at yesterdays party.A. she sang B. sang she C. did she sing D.

31、she did sing (C )(NMET1990) Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realized (B)(NMET1995) Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the problem was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realized C. the vill

32、agers did realize D. didnt the villagers realize (A)十一、(1) I dont know _ will go this time. (2) You can give the book to _ you like. (3) You can give the book to _ likes it. . (4) You can give the book to _ of them likes it (5).Ill try my best to help him, _ turns to me for help. A. whoever B. whome

33、ver C. who D. whichever E. no matter who辨析：(1)題答案為C。who引導(dǎo)賓語從句。在從句中做主語。(2)題答案為B。whomever (=anyone who)引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做賓語。(3)題答為A。whoever(=anyone who) 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做主語。再如：(NMET1999)_ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C Anyone D. Whoever (D) (4)題答案為D, whichever強(qiáng)調(diào)一定范圍之內(nèi)

34、的選擇。再如：(2000上海春招)Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late. A. any, who B. every, whoever C. whichever, whoever D. either, whoever (C)(5)題答案為A或E，此時(shí)whoever = no matter who,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。十二 (1) I dont know _ they are getting on with their studies. (2) I dont know _ they are getting on we

35、ll with their studies. A. what B. that C. how D. whether辨析：(1)題答案為C，意為“學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)展怎樣”。(2) 題答案為D，意為“學(xué)習(xí)是否進(jìn)展好”。十三、(1) Im thinking of _ we can do for the people. (2) Im thinking of _ we can do more for the people. A. if B. that C. what D. how(1)題答案為C，what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做do的賓語。再如：(2003春招) People have heard what the

36、 president has said; they are waiting to see _ he will do,A. how B. what C. when D. that (B)(2002春招) -I thinking its going to be a big problem. - Yes, it could be. -I wonder _ we can do about it.A. if B. how C. what D. that (C)(2)題答案為D，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做狀語。再如(do的賓語是 more) ，另外，if（是否）引導(dǎo)賓語從句不做介詞的賓語。十四、(1)

37、_ he said made us very surprised. (2)_ he said so made us very surprised. A. That B. What C. If D. Whether(1)題答案為B， what引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中做said的賓語。再如：(2002上海)_ she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What, why B. That, what C. What , because D. Why, that (A)(

38、NMET1996) _ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what (A)(2)題答案為A 。That 引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分(said的賓語是 so)。十五、(1)_ his wifes being there, I said nothing about it. (2)_ his wife was there, I said nothing about it. (3)_ his wife there, I said nothing

39、about it. A. Because B. With C. Because of D. for辨析：(1)題選C,-ing形式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)his wifes being there做Because of的賓語(2)題選A, Because引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句(3)題選B, With 后接復(fù)合賓語，做原因狀語。再如：(2004北京) _ two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.A. With B .Besides C .As for D .Because of (A)(NMET2000)_ productio

40、n up by 60, the company has had another excellent year.A. As B. For C. With D. Though (C)十六、(1) “He worked late into the night.” “_”. (2) “You missed the early bus yesterday morning.” “_”. (3) I promised to buy him a pen and _.A. So I did B. So did I C. I did so D. I so did辨析：(1)題的答案為B， So did I 表“我

41、也同樣如此”。(2)題的答案為A， So I did 表“我的確如此/是這樣”。再如：(2002上海)- You forgot your purse when you went out.- Good heavens, _.A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did (B)(3)題答案為C， I did so表“我（按別人的要求或自己的許諾）那么做了”。十七、(1) It is high time (that ) we _ a film. (2)It is the first time (that)we _ the film. (3)It wa

42、s for the first time that we _the film. A. see B. saw C. have seen D. will see辨析：(1)題的答案為B，用虛擬語氣，全句意思為“我們?cè)缭摽匆粓鲭娪傲??！?（2）題的答案為C，要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（到現(xiàn)在為止）。全句意思是“我們是第一次看這部電影?！痹偃纾?NMET1992) “Do you know our town at all?”“No, this is the first time I _ here.”A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming (B)(3)題答案為B，強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。

43、十八、(1) I have never seen _film (than this). (2) This is _ film (that) Ive ever seen. A. a better B. the better C. a best D. the best辨析：(1)題的答案為A，比較級(jí)形式表示最高級(jí)的含義。再如：(NMET1996) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _. A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice (D)(19

44、97上海) Are you satisfied with her answer? -Not at all. It couldnt have been _.A. worse B. so bad C. better D. the worst (A)(NMET2002) Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has _IQ.A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest (B)(2)題的答案為D。最高級(jí)。十九、(1) Have you heard of the news that the English test _ until next Wednesda