1、ImagismSchool of Foreign LanguagesNanyang Normal UniversityBy LixiaohaiImagism is a poetic movement of England and the United States, which flourished from 1908 to 1917. Its creed includes the use of the language of common speech, precision, the creation of new rhythms, absolute freedom in choice of

2、 subject matter, the evocation of images in hard, clear poetry, and concentration. Thomas Ernest Hulme (1883-1917), an English philosopher, founded the Poets Club in 1908.Imagism in PoetryAmerica Imagism started in Chicago in 1912 with the publication of Poetry: A Magazine of Verse.It marked the beg

3、inning of American Imagism and of American Modernism in poetry. It represented a poetic renaissance in American literature. Two leaders:Pound Amy Lowell, American ImagismOther important poets in this period include William Carlos Williams, T. S. Eliot, E.R. Robinson, Wallace Stevens, E.E. Cummings a

4、nd Carl Sandburg. More RepresentativesFeatures They called for: free verse clear images, free choice of subject matter, compressed poetic expression, common speech. To use the language of common speech, but to employ the exact word, not the nearly-exact, nor the merely decorative word. free verse th

5、an in conventional forms. Absolute freedom in the choice of subject.To present an image. concentration濃縮is of the very essence of poetry. Imagist ManifestoShortcomingIn the history of American poetry, imagism was only a transient phase of no longer than a decade. In 1908 it began. During 1912-1914,

6、it gathers momentum and put out a manifesto with immense activity around Pound, but ten years later it faded. Because it hardly capable of sustaining a longer poetic effortAmerican poet, critic, editor, and translator; one of the foremost literary figures in literary modernismAs a poet, Pound experi

7、mented with various verse forms, from short poems focusing on concrete images to his epic masterpiece, the Cantos.As an essayist, he wrote manifestos establishing influential principles of style and theme. As a critic and editor, Pound discovered and encouraged many experimental authors, including I

8、rish writer James Joyce, English poet T. S. Eliot, and American writers Robert Frost and Ernest Hemingway. Idaho, reared in Pennsylvania; attend the university of Pennsylvania and Hamilton college; at Wabash college; Italy, U.S. to face trial for treason , imagist, innovator, Ezra Pound (1885-1972)

9、His Contribution:He launched Imagism, a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry-stressing clarity, precision, and economy of language.His influence:He advanced the work of major contemporaries, such as W.B.Yeats, Robert Frost, William Carlos Williams

10、, Marianne Moore, Ernest Hemingway, and especially T.S.Eliot. Major Works:1 The Cantos (the encyclopedic epic poem)2 Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 3 The Pisan Cantos Literary AchievementThe apparition of these faces in the crowd;In a Station of the MetroPetals on a wet, black bough.The apparition of these f

11、aces in the crowd;Petals on a wet, black bough Words:Metro: subwayApparition(幽靈）:a sudden or unusual sight.Petals（花瓣）: a unit of a corolla, usually showy and colored.Bough : a tree branch, especially a large or main branch枯藤老樹昏鴉，小橋流水人家，古道西風(fēng)瘦馬。夕陽西下，斷腸人在天涯。天凈沙.秋思 馬致遠(yuǎn)譯文枯藤纏繞著老樹，樹枝上棲息著黃昏時歸巢的烏鴉，小橋下，流水潺潺，旁

12、邊有幾戶人家，在古老荒涼的道路上，秋風(fēng)蕭瑟，一匹疲憊的瘦馬馱著我蹣跚前行。夕陽向西緩緩落下，悲傷斷腸的人還漂泊在天涯。在地鐵站: 人潮中這些面容的忽現(xiàn)；濕巴巴的黑樹丫上的花瓣。（羅池）地鐵車站: 人群中這些臉龐的幻影；潮濕又黑的樹枝上的花瓣.（成嬰）地鐵車站: 人群中這些面龐的閃現(xiàn)；濕漉的黑樹干上的花瓣。（趙毅衡）在地鐵車站: 這幾張臉在人群中幻景般閃現(xiàn)；濕漉漉的黑樹枝上花瓣數(shù)點(diǎn)。（飛白）地鐵站里: 出現(xiàn)在人群里這一張張面孔；濕的黑樹枝上的一片片花瓣。（張子清）人群里這些臉忽然閃現(xiàn)；花叢在一條濕黑的樹枝。（流沙河）人群中，這些面孔的鬼影；潮濕的黑樹枝上的花瓣。（余光中）這些面孔浮現(xiàn)于人群；花瓣

13、潮濕的黑樹枝（顏元叔）眾中夢幻身影，黝濕枝頭疏花。（吳其堯）在地鐵車站: 人潮中面孔若隱若現(xiàn)；黝濕樹干上花瓣朵朵。漢譯數(shù)首In a Station of the MetroThe River-Merchants Wife: A LetterWhile my hair was still cut straight across my forehead I played about the front gate, pulling flowers. You came by on bamboo stilts, playing horse, You walked about my seat, playi

14、ng with blue plums. And we went on living in the village of Chokan: Two small people, without dislike or suspicion. At fourteen I married My Lord you. I never laughed, being bashful. Lowering my head, I looked at the wall. Called to, a thousand times, I never looked back. At fifteen I stopped scowli

15、ng, I desired my dust to be mingled with yours Forever and forever and forever. Why should I climb the lookout? At sixteen you departed, You went into far Ku-to-en, by the river of swirling eddies, And you have been gone five months. The monkeys make sorrowful noise overhead. You dragged your feet w

16、hen you went out. By the gate now, the moss is grown, the different mosses, Too deep to clear them away! The leaves fall early this autumn, in wind. The paired butterflies are already yellow with August Over the grass in the West garden; They hurt me. I grow older. If you are coming down through the

17、 narrows of the river Kiang, Please let me know beforehand, And I will come out to meet you As far as Cho-fo-Sa. - Ezra Pound妾發(fā)初覆額折花門前劇郎騎竹馬來繞床弄青梅同居長干里兩小無嫌猜十四為君婦羞顏未嘗開低頭向暗壁千喚不一回十五始展眉愿同塵與灰常存抱柱信豈上望夫臺十六君遠(yuǎn)行瞿塘滟預(yù)堆五月不可觸猿鳴天上哀門前遲行跡一一生綠苔苔深不能掃落葉秋風(fēng)早八月蝴蝶來雙飛西園草感此傷妾心坐愁紅顏老早晚下三巴預(yù)將書報家相迎不道遠(yuǎn)直至長風(fēng)沙pseud. H. D., American po

18、et Married to Richard Aldington in 1913In England, under the influence of Ezra Pound, she became associated with the imagists and developed into one of the most original poets of the group. Volumes of her verse include Sea Garden (1916), Red Shoes for Bronze (1931), The Walls Do Not Fall (1944), and

19、 Bid Me to Live (1960).Hilda Doolittle (1886-1961)海浪卷，松針在騰翻。巨松拍巖震天響，翠綠拋起灑人間，林海作長衫。山之神William Carlos Williams(1883 - 1963) American poet and physician. He wrote stories, plays and autobiographies as well as poems. He met and befriended Ezra Pound, and was influenced by Pound.Biographical FactsHe was

20、born in New Jersey, U.S. 1883. He received his M.D. from the University of Pennsylvania.He sustained his medical practice throughout his life.He died in Vienna, Austria, 1963.Note: Terza rima (Italian form) is composed of tercets (three lines stanza with a single rhyme). The common rhyme of terza ri

21、ma: aba, bcb, cdc, ded, and so on. “紅色手推車”簡評紅色手推車是一幅色彩鮮明的日常生活畫面，描述的是一個躲雨時見到的場景，躲雨的地方大概太小，所以人雖然躲了進(jìn)去，手推車卻還是淋得透濕。與它運(yùn)送的東西相比，手推車顯得似乎小了點(diǎn)，所以才引起詩人“那么多”的感慨。況且還被雨水澆得它“渾身溜滑”?？梢韵胂竽莻€始終沒有露面的“推車人”的辛勞，不免對他（她）產(chǎn)生一絲同情。但“旁邊有幾只白雞”一句，使我們眼前一亮。想想看，在雨中，天色也許比較灰暗。但手推車的“紅色”與幾只雞的“白色”卻是那么的耀眼，何況雞還是一個活動的東西，與停放在那里的手推車，正好又構(gòu)成了一動一靜的對比

22、。生活的辛勞、躲雨時的焦躁，被幾只“白雞”的出現(xiàn)一掃而空。威廉斯選擇紅、白對比色以及經(jīng)雨水沖洗后的锃亮，寫出了人類與大自然共創(chuàng)理想生活的一面。威廉斯用紅色裝飾手推車的輪子，隱喻人類積極的勞動，勞動造就了人類積極向上的歡快精神，用“小雞”和“雨水”來表達(dá)他對自然的崇敬。威廉斯的紅色手推車仿佛是一幅西洋油畫，色彩鮮明，線條突出，立體感強(qiáng)，折射出大自然的光亮，整體畫面寧靜完美，富有和諧感，它向世人展示了20世紀(jì)美國人民的時代精神追求以及一代美國詩人的民族情結(jié)。The Red WheelbarrowSo much dependsupona red wheelbarrowglazed with rain

23、waterbeside the whitechickens.William Carlos Williams紅色手推車那么多東西依靠一輛紅色手推車雨水淋得它晶亮旁邊是一群白雞那么多東西仰仗這輛紅色的手推車運(yùn)送雨水澆得它渾身溜滑旁邊有幾只白雞選自彭予編譯二十世紀(jì)英美抒情詩選The Great Figure在密雨中在燈光里我看到一個金色的數(shù)字5寫在一輛紅色的救火車上無人注意疾馳駛向鑼聲緊敲警報尖鳴之處輪子隆隆穿過黑暗的城市。趙毅衡 譯巨大的數(shù)字大數(shù)字雨中燈下我看見一輛紅救火車上金色的數(shù)字5救火車急匆匆不顧一切敲鈴伙裁車輪轆轆馳過黑暗的城市。 鄭建青 譯Firetruck with No.5Ambulance with Red CrossCarl SandburgAmerican poet, historian, novelist and folklorist, the singing bard.A central figure in the Chicago