1、1詞類轉(zhuǎn)換英漢翻譯中最常見的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換是名詞和動詞間以及介詞和動詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換。英語習慣使用名詞和介詞，而漢語中動詞用的多。英譯漢時經(jīng)常需要把英語中的名詞和介詞轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語中的動詞。28. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 8詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯一、英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞 我們已經(jīng)把使用和發(fā)明工具，從區(qū)分動物和人類行為的方法中排除出去了。 We have ruled out tool use and invention as ways of telling animal behavior from human behavior.A. 由動詞派生的名詞38. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換B. 含有動作意味的名

2、詞1）What is the purpose of their playing?它們?yōu)楹我嫠＃?） When the termites bite at the stick, the chimpanzee removes it and eats them off the end-like our use of a fork.白蟻啃咬樹枝時，黑猩猩就把樹枝抽回，接著就把枝條底端的白蟻吃掉和我們使用餐叉一樣。C. 有些加后綴-er/or的詞， 有時在句子中并不指其身份和職業(yè), 而是含有較強的動作意味, 翻譯時常譯作動詞1）He is a lover of animals.他熱愛動物。2）The c

3、astle gets lots of visitors from America.有很多美國人到這座城堡來游覽。48. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換2. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞A. 名詞派生的動詞B. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)用的動詞1) An interest in peoples deepest feelings characterizes all her writings.對人們最深沉感情的關(guān)注，是她所有著作的特征。2) She personifies beauty and grace.她是美麗與優(yōu)雅的化身。1） You can see what a Dodo looked like from the picture

4、.你可從照片中得知渡渡鳥的模樣。2） These exercises are designed to strengthen the muscles.這些鍛煉的目的是為了增強肌肉。5A. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞1) She gave me a black look.她狠狠地瞪了我一眼。2) The children made rude remarks about the old man.幾個孩子無禮地對那老人評頭論足。3) They dont normally give an advance notice about which building theyre going to inspect.他們通

5、常不預先通知要檢查哪棟大樓。3. 形容詞與副詞的轉(zhuǎn)譯8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換6B. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞 1) We dont want to get too deeply involved with these people.我們不想和這些人有太深的交往。2) The people most immediately affected by the drought are the farmers themselves.遭受這次干旱最直接影響的是農(nóng)民們。 3) Your life changes dramatically when you have a baby.有了孩子，你的生活會產(chǎn)生巨變。

6、8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換74. 介詞與動詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯 英語中的一些介詞和介詞短語具有動作意義，在翻譯中可以轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語動詞，例如：1) Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.千百萬山區(qū)人終于擺脫了貧窮。2) Shes a sales manager but she has a regional sales director over her.她是銷售部經(jīng)理，但還有一位區(qū)域銷售主任管著她。3) In 1845, John Franklin left England with 134 me

7、n to look for a route through the Arctic.1845年，約翰富蘭克林帶著134人離開英格蘭前往尋找穿過北極的線路。8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯英譯漢的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換8練習The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.He is no smoker, but his father is a chain-smoker.The red Army Men marched on brave

8、ly against the piercing wind.It was officially announced that Paris was invited to the meeting.It was a very informative meeting.9The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.政府號召建立更多的技校。My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.我建議他立刻戒煙。He is no smoker, but his f

9、ather is a chain-smoker.他倒是不抽煙, 但他爸爸卻一支又一支不停地抽。10The red Army Men marched on bravely against the piercing wind.紅軍冒著刺骨的寒風英勇前進。It was officially announced that Paris was invited to the meeting.官方宣布, 巴黎應邀出席會議。（副詞名詞）It was a very informative meeting.會議透露了很多信息。（形容詞動詞）118. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換二、漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 8詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯1. 動

10、詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為名詞 1) 我不知道你喜歡喝什么，茶還是咖啡？I dont know your preferences, would you like tea or coffee?2) 他們堅決要求立刻償還債款。They are insisting on immediate repayment of the debt.128. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換2. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯為動詞1) 結(jié)婚戒指是夫婦結(jié)合的象征。A wedding ring symbolizes the union of husband and wife.2) 工廠必須把增加產(chǎn)量作為自己的目標。The factory must aim at a

11、n increase in production.133. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成介詞短語 1）這份報告雖然很長，但不切要領(lǐng)，我看不懂。 Although the report is very long, it is beside the point and beyond my comprehension. 2）我謹代表全公司，感謝你所做的所有工作。 On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. 8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換144. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)為形容詞 1）他害怕蜘蛛。Hes afraid of s

12、piders.2）他熱愛科學研究，但對提升職稱不感興趣。He is keen on scientific research but indifferent to promotion.8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換155. 動詞轉(zhuǎn)為副詞 1）你們現(xiàn)在得走了。You must be off now.2）演出已經(jīng)開始了。The performance is on.8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯漢譯英的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換6. 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)為名詞 那個家伙笨的出奇。That fellow is a typical fool.16練習控制人口和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟是我們當前的首要任務。目前大家都非常注意保護環(huán)境和節(jié)約資源。搖頭通常的意思是“不”。

13、箱子里滿是書，重量為一噸。我們?nèi)w贊成他的建議。他一點都不清楚自己想過什么樣的生活。17控制人口和發(fā)展經(jīng)濟是我們當前的首要任務。Population control and economic development are the two most important tasks of our present time.目前大家都非常注意保護環(huán)境和節(jié)約資源。People nowadays pay special attention to environmental protection and the conservation /saving of resources.18搖頭通常的意思是“不

14、”。When you shake your head it usually means “no”.箱子里滿是書，重量為一噸。The box was full of books and weighed a ton.我們?nèi)w贊成他的建議。We were in favour of his suggestion.19他一點都不清楚自己想過什么樣的生活.He isnt at all clear about what he wants to do with his life.20翻譯時未進行詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯 例(1) She was standing almost directly behind the girl

15、, a woman well past 40, her graying hair under a worn hat. 譯1 她站在那姑娘的身后，幾乎緊挨著她。那 是一位有四十好幾的婦女，一頂舊帽子的 下面是她正在變灰的頭發(fā)。 譯2 她站在那姑娘的身后，幾乎緊挨著她。那 是一位有四十好幾的婦女，一頂舊帽子遮 蓋了她的灰發(fā)。 8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯誤譯21翻譯時未進行詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯 例(2) Of Human Bondage, it was; and throughout the book were notes in a womans writing. 譯1 這本書是“人性枷鎖”，書中從頭到尾都是 一個女人筆跡

16、的評注。 譯2 這本書叫“人性枷鎖”，書中從頭到尾都是 一個女人所寫的評注。例(3) Family labor frequently makes up a large part of the labor force, especially on average-sized farms. 譯1 家人常常占勞動力的大部分，特別是在中 等大小的農(nóng)場。 譯2 家人常常是主要的勞動力，特別是在中等 大小的農(nóng)場里。8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯誤譯22Directions: Translate the following English sentences into Chinese. Pay special attent

17、ion to the adjectives and adverbs in the sentences.1）Drunken drivers pose a serious threat to otherroad users. (名詞動詞)酒后駕車者嚴重威脅其他道路使用者。2）Could you give me a quick explanation of how it works? (名詞動詞)你能扼要地向我解釋一下它的工作原理嗎？8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯翻譯練習三、翻譯練習233）She left the city where she had lived all her lifewithout a bac

18、kward glance. （介短副詞）她義無返顧地離開了這座她生活了一輩子的城市。4）He has the occasional cigar after dinner.晚餐后他偶爾抽支雪茄。5）Jane looked at me in genuine surprise“Are you really going?” she said.簡望著我，的確很驚奇。“你真的要去？”她說。 8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯翻譯練習246）He made a complete and utter mess of it. 他把這事徹底搞砸了。7）He had a sudden heart attack while he was

19、 on holiday.他度假期間突然心臟病發(fā)作。8）He was happily married with two young children.他的婚姻很美滿，還有了兩個孩子。8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯翻譯練習259）Hes got a lot of exciting ideas and hes impatient to get started.他有許多激動人心的點子，所以迫不及待地想付諸實施。10）After careful consideration of your proposal, I regret to say that we are unable to accept it.我們仔細考慮過你的建議。不過很遺憾，我得說我們不能接受。8. 詞類轉(zhuǎn)譯翻譯練習2611）Society has changed profoundly over the last fifty years. 過去50年中社會發(fā)生了深刻的變革。12）The party was a rather hurriedly arranged affair.這次晚會籌備得挺匆