1、2019年12月四級真題試卷（第一套）PartIWritingDirections:Forthirt,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoaforeignfriendwhowantstoteachEnglishinChina.Pleaserecommendacitytohim.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.A

2、ttheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedonthenew

3、sreportyouhavejustheard.1.A)Manyfacilitiesweredestroyedbyawanderingcow.B)Awanderingcowknockeddownoneofitsfences.C)Sometouristswereinjuredbyawanderingcow.D)Awanderingcowwascapturedbythepolice.2.A)Itwasshottodeathbyapoliceofficer.B)Itfounditswaybacktotheparkszoo.C)Itbecameagreatattractionfortourists.D

4、)Itwassenttotheanimalcontroldepartment.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3.A)Itisthelargestofitskind.B)Itisgoingtobeexpanded.C)Itisdisplayingmorefossilspecimens.D)Itisstartinganonlineexhibition.4.A)AcollectionofbirdfossilsfromAustralia.B)Photographsofcertainrarefossilexhibits.C)S

5、omeancientwallpaintingsfromAustralia.D)Picturesbywinnersofawildlifephotocontest.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5.A)Pickuptrash.B)Amusevisitors.C)Delivermessages.D)Playwithchildren.6.A)Theyareespeciallyintelligent.B)Theyarechildrensfavorite.CTheyarequiteeasytotame.D)Theyareclean

6、andpretty.7.A)Childrenmaybeharmedbytherooks.B)Childrenmaybetemptedtodroplitter.C)Childrenmaycontractbirddiseases.D)Childrenmayoverfeedtherooks.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbe

7、spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8.A)ItwillbeproducedatHarvardUniversity.B)Itwillbehostedbyfamouspro

8、fessors.C)Itwillcoverdifferentareasofscience.D)Itwillfocusonrecentscientificdiscoveries.9.A)Itwillbemorefuturistic.B)Itwillbemoresystematic.C)Itwillbemoreentertaining.D)Itwillbeeasiertounderstand.10.A)Peopleinterestedinscience.B)Youngsterseagertoexplore.C)Childrenintheirearlyteens.D)Studentsmajoring

9、inscience.11.A)Offerprofessionaladvice.B)Providefinancialsupport.C)HelppromoteitontheInternet.D)Makeepisodesforitsfirstseason.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Unsure.B)Helpless.C)Concerned.D)Dissatisfied.13.A)Heistooconcernedwithbeingperfect.B)Helosesheartwhenfacedwithse

10、tbacks.C)Heistooambitiousinachievinggoals.D)Hetakesonprojectsbeyondhisability.14.A)Embarrassed.B)Unconcerned.C)Miserable.D)Resentful.15.A)Trytobeoptimisticwhateverhappens.B)Comparehispresentwithhistonly.C)Alwayslearnfromothersachievements.D)Treatothersthewayhewouldbetreated.SectionCDirections:Inthis

11、section,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Q

12、uestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyhaveastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.B)Theyaremorelikelytosucceedinthehumanities.C)Theyaremorelikelytobecomeengineers.D)Theyhavegreaterpotentialtobeleaders.17.A)Praisegirlswholiketospeakupfrequently.B)Encouragegirlstosolveproblemsonthei

13、rown.C)Insistthatboysandgirlsworktogethermore.D)Respondmorepositivelytoboyscomments.18.A)Offerpersonalizedteachingmaterials.B)Provideavarietyofoptionalcourses.C)Placegreatemphasisontestscores.D)Payextraattentiontotopstudents.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itoftenrainscatsan

14、ddogs.B)Itseldomrainsinsummertime.C)Itdoesnotrainasmuchaspeoplethink.D)ItisoneofthemostrainycitiesintheUS.20.A)Theydrivemostofthetime.B)Therainisusuallyverylight.C)Theyhavegotusedtotherain.D)Theraincomesmostlyatnight.21.A)Ithasalotofplacesforentertainment.B)Ithasneverseenthunderandlighting.C)Ithasfe

15、wercloudydaysthananyothercoastalcity.D)Ithasmildweatherbothinsummerandinwinter.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itoccurswhenpeoplearedoingarepetitiveactivity.B)Itresultsfromexertingonesmusclescontinuously.C)Ithappenswhenpeopleengageinanuncommonactivity.D)Itcomesfromstrainingo

16、nesmusclesinanunusualway.23.A)Bloodflowandbodyheatincreaseintheaffectedarea.B)Bodymovementsintheaffectedareabecomedifficult.C)Theybegintomakerepairsimmediately.D)Theygraduallybecomefragmented.24.A)Aboutoneweek.B)Abouttwodays.C)Abouttendays.D)Aboutfourweeks.25.A)Applymusclecreams.B)Drinkplentyofwater

17、.C)Haveahotshower.D)Takepain-killers.PartIIIReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisiden

18、tifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Whentravellingoverseas,doyoubuywaterinplasticbottlesortakeyourchanceswithtapwater?ImagineyouarewanderingaboutonaThaiislandor26theruinsofAngkor.Itsho

19、tsoyougrababottleofwaterfromalocalvendor.Itssthesafethingtodo,right?Thebottleis27,andthelabelsayspure.Butmaybesinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethansisso.Butsopure.Butmaybesinsideisnotso28.Wouldyoustillbedrinkingitifyouknewthatmorethansisso.Butso90percentofallbottledwatersol

20、daroundtheworld29microplastics?Thatstheconclusionofarecently30study,whichanalysed259bottlesfrom11brandssoldinninecountries,31anaverageof325plasticparticlesperlitreofwater.Thesemicroplasticsincludeda32commonlyknownasPETandwidelyusedinthemanufactureofclothingandfoodand33containers.Thestudywasconducted

21、attheStateUniversityofNewYorkonbehalfofOrbMedia,ajournalismorganisation.Aboutamillionbottlesareboughteveryminute,notonlybythirstytouristsbutalsobymanyofthe2.1billionworldwidewholivewithunsafedrinkingwater.Confrontedwiththis34,severalbottled-watermanufacturersincludingNestleandCoca-Colaundertooktheir

22、ownstudiesusingthesamemethodology.Thesestudiesshowedthattheirwaterdidcontainmicroplastics,butfarlessthantheOrbstudysuggested.Regardless,theWorldHealthOrganisationhaslaunchedareviewintothe35healthrisksofdrinkingwaterfromplasticbottles.A)adequateB)admiringC)containsD)defendingE)evidenceF)instantG)liqu

23、idH)modifiedI)naturalJ)potentialK)releasedL)revealingM)sealedN)solvesO)substanceSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagrap

24、hmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ThequietheroismofmaildeliveryA)OnWednesday,apolarwindbroughtbittercoldtotheMidwest.Overnight,Chicagoreachedalowof21degreesFahrenheitbelowzero,makingitslightlycolderthanAntarctica(南極洲),Alask

25、a,andtheNorthPole.Windchillswere64degreesbelowzeroinParkRapids,Minnesota,and45degreesbelowzeroinBuffalo,NorthDakota,accordingtotheNationalWeatherService.Schools,restaurants,andbusinessesclosed,andmorethan1,000flightshavebeencanceled.B)EventheUnitedStatesPostalService(USPS)suspendedmaildelivery.“Duet

26、othisarcticoutbreakandconcernsforthesafetyofUSPSemployees,”USPSannouncedWednesdaymorning,“thePostalServiceissuspendingdeliveryJan.30insome3-digitZIPCodelocations.”TwelveregionswerelistedasunsafeonWednesday;onThursday,eightremained.C)Asglobalsurfacetemperaturesincrease,sodoesthelikelihoodofextremewea

27、ther.In2018alone,wildfires,volcaniceruptions,hurricanes,mudslides,andothernaturaldisasterscostatleast49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported49billionintheUnitedStates.AsmycolleagueVannNewkirkreported,PuertoRicoisstillconfrontingeconomicandstructuraldevastationandresourcescarcityf

28、romsHurricaneMaria.Naturaldisasterscanwreckacommunityscanasinfrastructure,upendingsystemsformonthsoryears.Someservices,however,remindusthatlifewilleventuallyreturn,insomeform,tonormal.D)Daysafterthedeadly2017wildfiresinSantaRosa,California,adrone(無人機)caughtfootage(連續(xù)鏡頭)ofaUSPSworker,TrevorSmith,driv

29、ingthroughburnedhomesinthatfamiliarwhitevan,collectingmailinanaffectedarea.Thevideoisstriking:Theoperationisfamiliar,butthescenelooksliketheendoftheworld.AccordingtoRaeAnnHaight,theprogrammanagerforthenational-preparednessofficeatUSPS,Smithwasfulfillingarequestmadebysomeofthehomeownerstopickupanymai

30、lthatwasleftuntouched.ForSmith,thiswasjustanotherdayonthejob.“IfollowedmyroutelikeInormallydo,”Smithtoldareporter.“AsIcameacrossaboxthatwasupbutwithnohouse,Ichecked,andtherewasmailoutgoingmailinit.AndsoIpickedthoseupandcarriedon.”E)USPShassophisticatedemergencyplansfornaturaldisasters.Acrossthecount

31、ry,285emergency-managementteamsaredevotedtocrisiscontrol.TheseteamsaretrainedannuallyusingaframeworkknownasthethreePs:people,property,product.Aftermailservicestopsduetoweather,thestoppriorityisensuringthatemployeesaresafe.Thenitevaluatesthehealthofinfrastructurestopise,suchastheroadsthatmailcarriers

32、driveon.Finally,itdecideswhenandhowtore-openoperations.Ifthedevastationisextreme,mailaddressedtotheareawillgetsentelsewhere.InresponsetoHurricaneKatrinain2005,USPSredirectedincomingNewOrleansmailtoexistingmailfacilitiesinHouston.MailthatwasalreadyprocessedinNewOrleansfacilitieswasmovedtoanupperfloor

33、soitwouldbeprotectedfromwaterdamage.F)Assoonasitssafeenoughtobeoutside,couriers(郵遞員)startdistributingaccumulatedmailonthestill-accessibleroutes.USPSurgesthosewithoutstandingaddressestofilechange-of-addressformswiththeirnewlocation.AfterHurricaneKatrinahitin2005,mailfacilitiesweresetupindozensoflocat

34、ionsacrossthecountryinthetwoweeksthatUSPSwasunabletoprovidestreetdelivery.G)Everyday,USPSprocesses,onaverage,493.4millionpiecesofmailanythingfrompostcardstoSocialSecuritycheckstomedicine.SpokespeoplefrombothUSPSandUPStoldmeallmailisimportant.Butsomemailcanbeextremelysensitiveandtimely.Accordingtodat

35、areleasedinJanuary2017,56percentofbillsarepaidonline,whichmeansthatjustunderhalfofpaymentsstillrelyondeliveryservicestobecompleted.H)ItcanbehardtoidentifywhichparcelsarecarryingcrucialitemssuchasSocialSecuritychecks,butUSPSandUPStrytheirbesttoprioritizesensitivematerial.TheywillcoordinatewiththeSoci

36、alSecurityAdministrationtomakesurethatSocialSecuritychecksreachtherightpeopleinatimelyfashion.AfterHurricaneFlorenceandHurricaneMichaellastfall,USPSworkedwithstateandlocalelectionboardstomakesurethatabsenteeballotswereavailableandreceivedontime.I)Mailcompaniesarelogistics(物流)companies,whichputsthemi

37、naspecialpositiontohelpwhendisasterstrikes.Ina2011USPScasestudy,theagencyemphasizeditsmassiveinfrastructureasa“uniquefederalasset”tobecalleduponinadisasterorterroristattack.“Ithinkwereuniqueasafederalagency,”USPSofficialMikeSwigarttoldme,“becausewereinliterallyeverycommunityinthiscountryWereobligate

38、dtodelivertothatpointonadailybasis.”J)Privatecouriercompanies,whichhavemoredollarstospend,usetheirexpertiseinlogisticstohelprevitalizedamagedareasafteradisaster.Formorethanadecade,FedExhassupportedtheAmericanRedCrossinitsefforttogetemergencysuppliestoareasaffectedbydisasters,bothdomesticallyandinter

39、nationally.In2012,thecompanydistributedmorethan200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedcefor3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctober200MedPackstoMedicalReserveCorpsgroupsinCalifornia.Theyalsodonatedcefor3.1millionpoundsofcharitableshippingglobally.LastOctobe

40、r,thecompanypledged$1millionincashandtransportationsupportforHurricanesFlorenceandMichael.UPSscharitablearm,theUPSFoundation,usesthecompanyslogisticstohelpdisaster-struckareasrebuild.“Werealizethatasacompanywithpeople,trucks,warehouses,weneededtoplayalargerrole,”saidEduardoMartinez,thepresidentofthe

41、UPSFoundation.Thecompanyemploysitstrucksandplanestodeliverfood,medicine,andwater.ThedaybeforeIspoketoMartinezinNovember,hehadbeentouringthedamagefromHurricaneMichaelinFloridawiththeAmericanRedCross.“Wehaveanobligationtomakesureourcommunitiesarethriving,”hesaid.K)Rebuildingcantakealongtime,andeventhe

42、n,impressionsofthedisastermaystillremain.Returningtoanormallifecanbedifficult,butsomesmallroutinesmaildeliverybeingoneofthemmayhelpresidentsrememberthattheircommunitiesarestilltheircommunities.“Whentheyseethatcarrierbackoutonthestreet,”Swigartsaid,“thatsthefirstsigntothemthatlifeisstartingtoreturnto

43、normal.36.TheUnitedStatesPostalServicehasasystemtoensureitsemployeessafety.37.OneofficialsaysUSPSisuniqueinthatithasmoredirectreachtocommunitiescomparedwithotherfederalagencies.38.Naturaldisasterscanhavealong-lastingimpactoncommunitylife.39.Maildeliveryserviceisstillresponsibleforthecompletionofalmo

44、sthalfofpayments.40.Thesightofamailmanonthestreetisareassuringsignoflifebecomingnormalagain.41.AfterHurricaneKatrinainterruptedroutinedelivery,temporarymailservicepointsweresetup.42.PostalserviceinsomeregionsintheU.S.wassuspendedduetoextremecoldweather.43.Privatepostalcompaniesalsosupportdisasterrel

45、iefeffortsbydistributingurgentsupplies.44.AdedicatedUSPSemployeewasonthejobcarryingoutdutiesinspiteofextremeconditions.45.Postalservicesworkhardtoidentifyitemsthatrequireprioritytreatment.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

46、eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ProfessorAshokGoelofGeorgiaTechdevelopedanartificiallyintelligentteachingassistanttohelphan

47、dletheenormousnumberofstudentquestionsintheonlineclass,KnowledgeBasedArtificialIntelligence.ThisonlinecourseisacorerequirementofGeorgiaTechsonlineMasterofScienceinComputerScienceprogram.ProfessorGoelalreadyhadeightteachingassistants,butthatwasntenoughtodealwiththeoverwhelmingnumberofdailyquestionsfr

48、omstudents.Manystudentsdropoutofonlinecoursesbecauseofthelackofteachingsupport.Whenstudentsfeelisolatedorconfusedandreachoutwithquestionsthatgounanswered,theirmotivationtocontinuebeginstofade.ProfessorGoeldecidedtodosomethingtoremedythissituationandhissolutionwastocreateavirtualassistantnamedJillWat

49、sonwhichisbasedontheIBMWatsonplatform.GoelandhisteamdevelopedseveralversionsofJillWatsonbeforereleasinghertotheonlineforums.Atfirst,thevirtualassistantwasnttoogreat.ButGoelandhisteamsourcedtheonlinediscussionforumtofindall40,000questionsthathadeverbeenaskedsincetheclasswaslaunched.Thentheybegantofee

50、dJillthequestionsandanswers.Aftersomeadjustmentsandsufficienttime,Jillwasabletoanswerthestudentsquestionscorrectly97%ofthetime.Thevirtualassistantbecamesoadvancedandrealisticthatthestudentsdidntknowshewasacomputer.Thestudents,whowerestudyingartificialintelligence,wereinteractingwiththevirtualassista

51、ntandcouldnttellitapartfromarealhumanbeing.GoeldidntinformthemaboutJillstrueidentityuntilApril26.Thestudentswereactuallyverypositiveabouttheexperience.ThegoalofProfessorGoelsvirtualassistantnextyearistotakeoveranswering40%ofallthequestionsposedbystudentsontheonlineforum.ThenameJillWatsonwill,ofcours

52、e,changetosomethingelsenextsemester.ProfessorGoelhasamuchrosieroutlookonthefutureofartificialintelligencethan,say,ElonMusk,StephenHawking,BillGatesorSteveWozniak.46.WhatdowelearnaboutKnowledge-BasedArtificialIntelligence?A)Itisarobotthatcananswerstudentsquestions.B)Itisacoursedesignedforstudentstole

53、arnonline.C)Itisahigh-techdevicethatrevolutionizesteaching.D)Itisacomputerprogramthataidsstudentlearning.47.WhatproblemdidProfessorGoelmeetwith?A)Hisstudentswereunsatisfiedwiththeassistants.B)Hiscoursewastoodifficultforthestudents.C)Studentsquestionsweretoomanytohandle.D)Toomanystudentsdroppedoutofh

54、iscourse.48.WhatdowelearnaboutJillWatson?A)Sheturnedouttobeagreatsuccess.B)Shegotalongprettywellwithstudents.C)Shewasunwelcometostudentsatfirst.D)Shewasreleasedonlineasanexperiment.49.HowdidthestudentsfeelaboutJillWatson?A)Theythoughtshewasabittooartificial.B)Theyfoundhernotascapableasexpected.C)The

55、ycouldnotbutadmireherknowledge.D)Theycouldnottellherfromarealperson.50.WhatdoesProfessorGoelplantodonextwithJillWatson?A)Launchdifferentversionsofheronline.B)Feedherwithnewquestionsandanswers.C)Assignhertoanswermoreofstudentsquestions.D)Encouragestudentstointeractwithhermorefreely.PassageTwoQuestion

56、s51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thinkingsmall,beingengaging,andhavingasenseofhumordonthurt.Thoseareafewofthetraitsofsuccessfulsciencecrowdfundingeffortsthatemergefromarecentstudythatexaminednearly400campaigns.Buthavingalargenetworkandsomepromotionalskillsmaybemorecrucial.Crowdfunding,raisingmon

57、eyforaprojectthroughonlineappeals,hastakenoffinrecentyearsforeverythingfrommakingmoviestoproducingwater-savinggadgets.ScientistshavetriedtotapInternetdonors,too,withmixedsuccess.Someraisedmorethantwicetheirgoals,butothershavefallenshortofreachingmoremodesttargets.Todeterminewhatseparatessciencecrowd

58、fundingtriumphsfromfailures,ateamledbysciencecommunicationsscholarMikeSchferoftheUniversityofZurichexaminedthecontentofthewebpagesfor371recentcampaigns.Fourtraitsstoodoutforthosethatachievedtheirgoals,theresearchersreportinPublicUnderstandingofScience.Forone,theyuseacrowdfundingplatformthatspecializ

59、esinraisingmoneyforscience,andnotjustanykindofproject.AlthoughsiteslikeKickstartertakeallcomers,platformssuchasEandPonlypresentscientificprojects.Foranother,theypresenttheprojectwithafunnyvideobecausegoodvisualsandasenseofhumorimprovedsuccess.Mostofthemengagewithpotentialdonors,sinceprojectsthatansweredquestionsfrominteresteddonorsfaredbetter.Andtheytargetasmallamountofmoney.Theprojectsincludedinthes