1、Glossary of “Principles of Electric CircuitsChapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits電路electrical circuit電流current電荷electric charge電壓voltage電位potential電位差potential difference電動勢electromotive force功率power能量energy電阻resistor / resistance電導conductor / conductance電感inductor / inductance電容capacit

2、or / capacitance歐姆定律Ohms Law廣義歐姆定律generalized Ohms Law參考方向reference direction電壓極性voltage polarity正極positive polarity負極negative polarity理想獨立電壓源ideal independent voltage source理想獨立電流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source壓控電壓源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)壓控電

3、流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS) 流控電壓源current controlled voltage source(CCVS) 流控電流源current controlled current source(CCCS)節(jié)點node支路branch回路loop基爾霍夫電流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基爾霍夫電壓定律Kirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)閉合面closed boundary集總參數(shù)lumped parameter集總參數(shù)電路lumped circuit集總參數(shù)元件lumped element分

4、布參數(shù)distributed parameter分布參數(shù)電路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element無源器件passive element無損電路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits串聯(lián)series connection分壓voltage division并聯(lián)parallel connection分流current division等效電阻equivalent resi

5、stanceY-變換Wye-Delta transformation入端電阻input resistanceChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路電流法method of branch current節(jié)點法Nodal Analysis回路電流法loop current method網(wǎng)孔電流法mesh current method外網(wǎng)孔outer mesh自導納self-admittance互導納mutual-admittance矩陣行列參考節(jié)點平面電路方程消去法克萊姆法則代入法運算放大器同向輸入端反向輸入端輸出端等效電路模型開環(huán)放大倍數(shù)閉環(huán)放大倍數(shù)入端電阻輸出電阻線性工

6、作區(qū)正向飽和區(qū)反向飽和區(qū)同向放大matrixrowcolumnreference nodeplanar circuitequationelimination techniqueCramers rulesubstitution methodoperational amplifier(op amp)noninverting inputinverting inputoutputequivalent circuit modelopen-loop gainclosed-loop gaininput resistanceoutput resistancelinear regionpositive satu

7、rationnegative saturationnoninverting amplifier反向放大inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier積分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振蕩self-sustained oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems疊加原理superposition principle輸入/激勵input / excitation輸出/響應(yīng)output / response線性電路linear circuit代數(shù)和algebraic sum替代定理substitution p

8、rinciple戴維南定理Thevenins Theorem諾頓定理Nortons Theorem二端網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-terminal circuit開路電壓open-circuit voltage短路電流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理Power-balancing Theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem對偶原理principle of duality對偶元件dual element對偶圖dual graphChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非線性電路nonlinear circuit非線性元

9、件nonlinear element壓控電阻voltage-controlled resistor流控電阻current-controlled resistor靜態(tài)電阻static resistance動態(tài)電阻dynamic resistance小信號分析small-signal analysis小信號模型small-signal modal分段線性化法piece-wise linear mthod數(shù)值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit一階電路first-order circuit一階微分方程first-order differe

10、ntial equation過渡過程transient process儲能元件energy storage element線性時不變電路linear time-invariable circuit單位階躍函數(shù)unit step function單位脈沖函數(shù)unit pulse function單位斜坡函數(shù)unit ramp function起始條件起始值零輸入響應(yīng)零狀態(tài)響應(yīng)穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)暫態(tài)響應(yīng)時間常數(shù)指數(shù)函數(shù)階躍響應(yīng)沖激響應(yīng)自由響應(yīng)強迫響應(yīng)全響應(yīng)穩(wěn)態(tài)值卷積積分時域延遲換路跳變現(xiàn)象脈沖持續(xù)時間脈沖重復(fù)周期時域initial conditioninitial valuezero-input respo

11、nsezero-state responsesteady-state response transient response time constant exponential function step response impulse response natural response forced responsecomplete responsefinal valueconvolution integration time delayswitchingjump phenomenon pulse durationrepeating period of pulse time domainC

12、hapter 7 Second-order Circuit二階電路second-order circuit齊次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系數(shù)微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然頻率natural frequency衰減系數(shù)damping factor諧振角頻率frequency 過

13、阻尼情況resonant frequency / undamped naturaloverdamped case欠阻尼情況underdamped case臨界情況critically damped case固 有振 蕩角頻 率 damping frequency / damped naturalfrequency衰減振蕩damped oscillation無損lossless正弦響應(yīng)sinusoidal response波形waveform實數(shù)real復(fù)數(shù)complex衰減attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis幅值amplit

14、ude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角頻率angular frequency周期period頻率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬時值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective valueroot-mean-square valueu領(lǐng)先i甲u leads i by u落后i甲u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase實部real part虛部直角坐標形式極坐標形式指數(shù)形式相量參考相量電

15、壓三角形瞬時功率平均功率阻抗導納電抗電納感性容性正弦穩(wěn)態(tài)響應(yīng)時域相量域視在功率功率因數(shù)復(fù)功率功率三角形imaginary partrectangular formpolar formexponential formphasorreference phasorvoltage triangleinstantaneous poweraverage powerimpedanceadmittancereactancesusceptanceinductivecapacitivesinusoidal steady-state responsetime-domainphasor-domainapparent

16、powerpower factor (pf)complex powerpower triangle復(fù)共軛complex conjugate有功功率active power無功功率reactive power最大功率傳輸定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共軛匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-indu

17、ctance磁通magnetic flux互感電壓mutual / induced voltage線圈coil鐵心線圈coil with iron core匝數(shù)turn耦合系數(shù)coupling coefficient變壓器transformer空心變壓器air-core transformer原邊primary coils / windings副邊secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想變壓器ideal transformer全耦合變壓器unity-coupled transformer變比turns ratio / transf

18、ormation ratio自耦合變壓器auto-transformer多繞組變壓器multiple-winding transformer右螺旋定則right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感l(wèi)eakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串聯(lián)諧振series resonance并聯(lián)諧振parallel resonance諧振頻率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品質(zhì)因數(shù)quality facto

19、r頻率響應(yīng)frequency response選擇性selectivity選頻特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response復(fù)頻率complex frequency網(wǎng)絡(luò)函數(shù)network function轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù)transfer function多項式polynomial極點pole零點Y 八、zero波特圖Bode plot分貝decibel增益gain對數(shù)logarithm半對數(shù)semilog轉(zhuǎn)折頻率corner / break frequency截止頻率cut-off frequency帶寬bandwid

20、th無源濾波器passive filter有源濾波器active filter低通濾波器low-pass filter高通濾波器high-pass filter帶通濾波器band-pass filter帶阻濾波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits對稱三相電源對稱三相電路balanced three-phase sourcessymmetrical three-phase circuit中線neutral line中性點neutral point三相四線制three-phase four-wi

21、re system相電壓phase voltage線電壓line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence負序negative / acb sequence相電流phase current線電流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation周期性非正弦激勵nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里葉級數(shù)trigonometric Fourier series指數(shù)形式的付里葉級數(shù)exponential Fourier

22、 series付里葉系數(shù)Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波頻率fundamental frequency諧波harmonic wave高次諧波higher harmonic頻譜frequency spectrum譜線spectrum line線狀頻譜line spectrum奇次odd偶次even奇對稱odd symmetry偶對稱even symmetry半波對稱half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦爾定理Parsevals theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Tra

23、nsformation付里葉變換Fourier transformation拉普拉斯變換Laplace transformation原函數(shù)original function象函數(shù)transform function積分變換integral transformation頻域frequency domain幅度譜amplitude spectrum相位譜phase spectrum矩形脈沖rectangular pulse線性性質(zhì)linearity時域微分time differentiation時域積分time integration時域平移time shift頻域平移frequency shif

24、t拉普拉斯反變換inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯變換對Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口網(wǎng)絡(luò)two-port network四端網(wǎng)絡(luò)four-terminal network / quadripoleZ參數(shù)impedance parametersY參數(shù)admittance parametersH參數(shù)Hybrid parametersT參數(shù)Transmission parameters策動點driving point（二端口）級聯(lián)cascade connection傳播常數(shù)transmissio

25、n constantChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory圖graph拓撲圖topological graph子圖subgraph連通圖connected graph有向圖oriented graph樹tree樹支tree branch連支link割集cut set降階關(guān)聯(lián)矩陣reduced incidence matrix增廣矩陣augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩陣fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩陣fundamental cut set matrix單位陣unit matrix轉(zhuǎn)置陣transposed ma

26、trix正定矩陣positive definite matrix非奇異矩陣nonsingular matrix逆矩陣inverse matrix方陣square matrix零矩陣zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach狀態(tài)變量state variable狀態(tài)方程state equation狀態(tài)空間state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristicvector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩陣similar matrixChapter 18 Nonlinear Dynamic Circuits非線性時變電路 nonlinear time-varying circuit自治電路非自治電路前向歐拉法forward Eulars method后向歐拉法backward Eulars method相平