1、Unit1 Friendship必修一知識(shí)清單單詞名詞Netherlands, German, series, dusk, thunder, power, curtain, tip, partner, highway, suitcase, overcoat, teenager, item動(dòng)詞表達(dá)情感態(tài)度：ignore, disagree, concern, suffer, calm, dislike 其它：settle, recover, pack, swap形容詞描述情感態(tài)度：upset, grateful其它：loose, entire, dusty副詞outdoors, entirely

2、, exactly短語(yǔ)詞匯表add up, calm (.) down, have got to, be concerned about, walk the dog, go through, set down, a series of, on purpose, in order to, at dusk, face to face, no longer / not . any longer, suffer from, get / be tired of, pack (sth.) up, get along with, fall in love, join in 課文laugh at, grow

3、crazy about, keep / get sb. / sth. done句式1. There was a time when .e.g. I can well remember there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.2. It / This / That is / was the first / second / third / . time (that) . have / had don

4、e .e.g. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.3. Its no pleasure doing sth. e.g. Its no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)(一); 陳述句與疑問句1. _ adj. 心煩意亂的; 不安的; 不適的 vt. 使不安; 使心煩2. _ vt.

5、 不理睬；忽視3. _ vt. & vi. (使)平靜; (使)鎮(zhèn)定 adj.平靜的; 鎮(zhèn)靜的; 沉著的4. _ vt. (使)擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心; 關(guān)注; (利害)關(guān)系upsetignorecalmconcern(一) 基本單詞單詞5. _ vi. 安家; 定居; 停留 vt. 使定居; 安排; 解決6. _ vt. & vi. 遭受; 忍受; 經(jīng)歷7. _ vi. & vt. 痊愈; 恢復(fù); 重新獲得8. _ n. 十幾歲的青少年9. _ adv. 確實(shí)如此; 正是; 確切地10. _ adj. 感激的; 表示謝意的settlerecoverteenagersuffergr

6、atefulexactly11. _ adv. 在戶外; 在野外 _ adv. 在室內(nèi); 在戶內(nèi)12. _ adj. 整個(gè)的; 完全的; 全部的 _ adv.完全地; 全然地; 整個(gè)地13. _ n. 能力; 力量; 權(quán)力 _ adj. 強(qiáng)大的; 強(qiáng)有力的 _ adj. 無(wú)力的; 無(wú)權(quán)力的entirelyentireindoorspowerlessoutdoorspowerpowerful(二)派生單詞1. 合計(jì)2. (使)平靜下來(lái); (使)鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái) 3. 關(guān)心; 掛念4. 經(jīng)歷; 經(jīng)受; 完成; 仔細(xì)檢查 5. 記下; 放下; 登記add upcalm downbe concerned ab

7、outgo throughset down短語(yǔ)6. 一連串的; 一系列; 一套 7. 故意地;有目的地 8. 對(duì)厭煩 9. 與相處; 進(jìn)展10. 加入; 參加 a series ofon purposeget/be tired ofget along withjoin in核心要點(diǎn)1. upset adj. 心煩意亂的; 不安的; 不適的 vt. 使不安; 使心煩; 弄翻; 打翻; 打 亂; 擾亂(計(jì)劃等) 【教材原句】 Your friend comes to school very upset. 你的朋友來(lái)上學(xué)時(shí)心情很不好。 單詞be upset about/over/at sth.為某事

8、煩心(sth.) upset sb. (某事)使人心煩意亂(sb.) upset sth. (某人) 打翻/弄翻某物It upsets sb. that. 使人心煩的是 (it作形式主語(yǔ))It upsets sb. to do sth. 做某事使某人心煩 (it作形式主語(yǔ))【歸納】【提示】 upset為表語(yǔ)形容詞, 不用作定語(yǔ)。 upset的過去式和過去分詞形式為upset。 upset的現(xiàn)在分詞形式為upsetting。2. calm vt. &vi. (使)平靜; (使)鎮(zhèn)定 adj. 平靜的; 鎮(zhèn)定的; 沉著的 n. 平靜; 寧?kù)o; 鎮(zhèn)靜 【教材原句】 You will ignore t

9、he bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你可以不管鈴聲,去一個(gè)安靜的地方,安慰你的朋友讓他冷靜下來(lái)?！練w納】 calm sb. down 使某人平靜下來(lái) calm down 平靜/鎮(zhèn)靜下來(lái) keep/ be calm 保持鎮(zhèn)定calm 平靜的, 沉著的。指無(wú)風(fēng)浪的或人 的心情不激動(dòng)的。quiet 寧?kù)o的, 安靜的。指不吵鬧的或心 境不煩躁的。強(qiáng)調(diào)“沒有一點(diǎn)聲音”。calm / quiet / still / silentstill 靜止的, 不動(dòng)的。指(人體等)不運(yùn)動(dòng)的。silent 沉默的, 緘口的, 寂靜的。指不講話

10、或 沒有聲音。3. concern vt. (使)擔(dān)憂; 涉及; 關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心; 關(guān)心; (利害)關(guān)系 【教材原句】 You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her 你會(huì)告訴你的朋友你很關(guān)心他/她【歸納】 concern oneself with 關(guān)心; 從事; 參與 concern oneself about 擔(dān)心; 關(guān)心 be concerned about sth. 關(guān)心; 掛念be concerned with/in 與有關(guān); 參與; 牽涉到show/express concern about/for.

11、對(duì)表示關(guān)心/ 掛念as/so far as.be concerned 就而言 【拓展】concerned adj. 擔(dān)心的，憂慮的concerned about/ for + that從句關(guān)心的，感興趣的concerned about/ withconcerning prep. 關(guān)于4. settle vi. 安家; 定居; 停留 vt. 使定居; 安排; 解決; 決定; 確定 【教材原句】 She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, 她發(fā)現(xiàn)很難在這個(gè)棲身之處安定、平靜下來(lái) 【拓展】 settlemen

12、t n. 協(xié)議; 解決; 殖民; 定居 settled adj. 固定的; 穩(wěn)定的; 定居的【歸納】 settle down 安下心來(lái); 定居 settle with 和.取得諒解 settle for 對(duì).感到滿足; 勉強(qiáng)認(rèn)可 settle in 安頓; 適應(yīng) settle on 選定; 決定5. suffer v. 遭受; 忍受; 經(jīng)歷 【教材原句】 She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 她遭受孤獨(dú), 但在那兒她不得不學(xué)著喜 歡它。 【歸納】 suffer from sth. 遭受(某種疾病

13、); 因而受害/受損 suffer for sth. 因而遭受惡果 【拓展】 sufferer n患病者; 受苦者; 受難者 suffering n. U(身體、精神上的)痛苦; 苦惱 C (pl.) 苦難的經(jīng)歷; 讓人痛苦的事6. recover v. 重新獲得; 重新找回; 恢復(fù); 痊愈 【教材原句】 How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty? 這個(gè)房間是如此的臟并且塵土飛揚(yáng), 在這里琳達(dá)怎么從病中康復(fù)呢？ 【歸納】 recover from 從中恢復(fù) recover on

14、eself 清醒過來(lái) recover ones losses 彌補(bǔ)損失【探究】 recover “尋回; 取回”, 指無(wú)意或有意地找到或得到曾經(jīng)失掉的物質(zhì)的或精神的東西, 引申可指“恢復(fù)”、“重新控制”、“重新獲得”、“回復(fù)到正常狀態(tài)”等。 用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí), 如以人作主語(yǔ), 則用主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu); 如以物作主語(yǔ), 則用被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。1. add up 合計(jì); 加起來(lái) 【教材原句】 Add up your score and see how many points you get. 將你的分?jǐn)?shù)加起來(lái), 看看你能得多少分。短語(yǔ)【拓展】 add up to 總共是; 總計(jì)為; 結(jié)果是 add to 增加; 使(

15、規(guī)模)擴(kuò)大 add.to. 把加到/進(jìn)里 add in 包括; 加進(jìn); 算進(jìn)2. go through 穿過；查閱；完成（某事）經(jīng)歷（困難、痛苦等），遭受，忍受；通過；用完，消耗；翻找，查看，搜尋 【教材原句】 Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand and what you are going through? 或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你, 會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢？【拓展】 go ahead 干吧; 前進(jìn); 領(lǐng)先 go away 走開, 離去 go by 經(jīng)過; 走過;

16、 過去 go for 主張 go for a walk 散步 go in for 參加; 喜歡 go on 繼續(xù) go out 出去; 熄滅3. set down 記下; 放下; 登記 【教材原句】 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do. 我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水帳。 【拓展】 set free 釋放, 解放 set off 動(dòng)身, 起程; 使爆發(fā) set out 出發(fā); 開始 set up 建立; 樹立; 創(chuàng)立4. get along/on with 與某人相處; 某事進(jìn)展(如何

17、) 【教材原句】 Im getting along well with a boy in my class. 我和我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好。 【拓展】 get away 逃脫; 離開 get back 回來(lái); 返回; 回家get close (to) 接近 get down 降下get down to 開始認(rèn)真(做某事)get in 進(jìn)入; 收獲; 達(dá)到 get off 脫下(衣服等); 下車get on 上車; 過活get through 通過; 撥通電話get up 起床; 籌備; 起立; 打扮1. While walking the dog, you were careless

18、and it got loose and was hit by a car. 在遛狗的時(shí)候，你不小心松了手，結(jié)果狗被一輛汽車撞了。 while walking . 相當(dāng)于while you were walking ., 當(dāng)時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)等從句中的主語(yǔ)同主句主語(yǔ)一致或主語(yǔ)是it, 且從句含有be動(dòng)詞時(shí), 可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與系動(dòng)詞be。句式2. She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered. 她與家人躲藏了將近二十五個(gè)月之后才 被發(fā)現(xiàn)。before conj. 用以

19、表示從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前的時(shí)間，譯法靈活。1) 強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句之前，“不等就”。如： Before I could say a word, he had left. 我還沒來(lái)得及說話, 他就已經(jīng)離開了。2) Itbe時(shí)間段before從句，“之后才”。如： It _ I realized the truth. 過了很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間我才悟出真相。was some time before3) Itbenotlongbefore從句，“不久就”。如: John thinks it wont be long before he is ready for his new job. 約翰認(rèn)為不久之后他就會(huì)

20、為他的新工作做好準(zhǔn)備。4) “趁著”或“過了才”。如: I must write it down before I forget it. 趁著我還沒忘，我得把它記下來(lái)。語(yǔ)法直接引語(yǔ)是直接引述別人的原話，在書面語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常將其放在引號(hào)中。間接引語(yǔ)是用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，無(wú)需加引號(hào)，在多數(shù)情況下間接引語(yǔ)構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句。 直接引語(yǔ)與間接引語(yǔ)（一）直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，在多數(shù)情況下都構(gòu)成一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，引述動(dòng)詞通常是say, tell等。直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，常將它變成由連詞if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主句動(dòng)詞常用ask。直接引語(yǔ)為選擇疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)

21、時(shí)，常將它變成由whether. or引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)為特殊疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，將它變成由疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)、人稱、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。此外，疑問句由直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，原來(lái)的疑問語(yǔ)序要變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面需要做相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過去將來(lái)時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)e.g.“The moon travels round the earth once a month,” the t

22、eacher said to the children. The teacher told the children(that)the moontravelsround the earth once a month.直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。 I said to Jack, “You didnt tell me what happened yesterday.” I told Jack that he hadnt told me what had happened the day before. “Are you ready?” the teacher asked To

23、m. The teacher asked Tom if / whether he was ready.My mother asked me, “Do you like the red or the yellow?” My mother asked me whether I liked the red or the yellow.“How do you go to work, Mary?” she asked. She asked Mary how she went to work.將直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)。1. “What did you do yesterday, Jenny?” said t

24、he mother._ _2. Joan said to Lucy, “I will leave for Beijing tomorrow morning.”_ _The mother asked Jenny what she had done the day before.Joan told Lucy that she would leave forBeijingthe next morning.3. My mother asked me, “Do you really want to buy that coat?”_ _4. Mary asked me, “Do you like coff

25、ee or tea?”_ _My mother asked me if / whether I really wanted to buy that coat.Mary asked me whether I liked coffee or tea.建議信是書信的一種形式，屬于應(yīng)用文。建議信是寫信人向收信人就某事提出自己的建議或忠告，有可能是寫給個(gè)人，就收信人遇到的某個(gè)問題提出自己的看法和觀點(diǎn)；也可能是寫給某個(gè)組織或機(jī)構(gòu)，就改進(jìn)其服務(wù)等方面提出建議或忠告。寫作如何寫建議信【寫作指導(dǎo)】首段：一般指明提建議的初衷。 中段：圍繞問題，婉轉(zhuǎn)地提出有針對(duì)性且具有說服性的建議。注意充分考慮對(duì)方的實(shí)際情況，表達(dá)

26、時(shí)用語(yǔ)要得體。 尾段：簡(jiǎn)單予以希望。希望建議能對(duì)對(duì)方有所幫助，同時(shí)闡明建議僅供對(duì)方參考。注意： 時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主。 由于是給別人提出建議，所以人稱應(yīng)該以第二人稱為主。【常用表達(dá)】建議信開頭：You have asked me for my advice on . and I will try to make some suggestions.Thanks for trusting me. Its my great pleasure to give you some suggestions / advice / tips on .Im sorry to hear / learn that

27、. However, the situation is easy to change if you take my advice. Im sorry (that) you are having trouble / difficulty / problems in . I think you can make it if you follow the advice below.Id like to offer you some advice.表達(dá)建議:I would like to suggest that . If I were you, I would .As far as I am con

28、cerned . / In my opinion . It seems better that .Why not .? It would be a good idea if . For one thing ., for another . In the first place / Firstly / First . Secondly / Second . Last but not least (最后但也是重要的) .建議信結(jié)尾:These are only my personal suggestions / tips. I hope you will find them useful / he

29、lpful.I would be ready to discuss this matter with you in further detail.Im willing to discuss this matter with you whenever .I will highly appreciate your consideration of my advice / suggestions / tips.I hope .【寫作任務(wù)】 假設(shè)你是李華，最近你的英國(guó)筆友杰克剛剛轉(zhuǎn)入一所新學(xué)校。由于他性格內(nèi)向，不擅長(zhǎng)交朋友，所以他感到非常孤獨(dú)，寫信向你求助。請(qǐng)你給他回一封電子郵件。注意: 1. 詞數(shù)1

30、00左右（開頭語(yǔ)已為你寫好，但不 計(jì)入總詞數(shù)）；2. 可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。 【參考范文】Dear Jack, Im sorry to hear that you are lonely in a new school because you find it hard to make friends because of your shyness. Now Id like to offer you some advice. First of all, it is normal for you to feel lonely because you are living now in a

31、new environment. Second, you should greet your teachers and classmates when meeting them on campus. Third, it will be a good idea if you often express your ideas in class and take an active part in class activities, which can help them learn more about you. I believe you are sure to make new friends

32、 soon if you show your friendliness to others. I hope everything will be fine with you in the future. 高考鏈接(2014安徽改編)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times _ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”. 答案：before本題考查時(shí)間連詞。根據(jù)finally可知, came to include the sense “pleasant” 于The meaning o

33、f the word “nice” changed a few times后發(fā)生, 故填before。句意: “nice”一詞的含義變化了數(shù)次, 直到最后它才包括了pleasant的含義。即：在nice包括pleasant這一含義之前，其含義還有其他幾次演變。鞏固練習(xí)I.用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. He arrived at his hometown, tired and _ (dust), on Sunday night.2. _ (power) nations sometimes try to control weaker ones.3. At the beginning of th

34、e project, Paul made it clear that he would be _ (entire) in control.4. My brother went to _ (German) for higher education.dustyPowerful entirelyGermany5. He said it would rain, but I _ (agree) with him I was sure it wouldnt rain.6. Most people _ (like) driving on icy roads, but he rather enjoys it.

35、7. My father used to work _ (outdoor) even in the middle of winter.disagreeddislikeoutdoorsII.選用方框內(nèi)合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空（每個(gè)短語(yǔ)限用一次）。 1. During the interview, the reporter asked me _ questions.2. Tom spilled his drink _ he needed an excuse to leave the room.a series ofbe tired of, be crazy about, face to fac

36、e, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down on purposebe tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down 3. The girl _ ballet; she spent a lot of time practicing dancing.4. James insisted

37、 that she come downtown so that he could explain this to her _.5. When we _ the numbers, we realized we had spent too much.was crazy aboutface to faceadded upbe tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down 6. I will _ the st

38、ory as it was told to me.7. We will discuss the problem when you _.8. It was break time and the students came out _.set downcalm downone after anotherbe tired of, be crazy about, face to face, a series of, one after another, add up, calm down, pack up, on purpose, set down 9. Allow them a few minutes to _ their things.10. I _ watching television; lets go