1、Unit3 Under the sea選修七單詞名詞與海洋有關：shore, shark, seaside, tide, seal, seaweedaccommodation, target, lip, anecdote, telescope, teamwork, depth, cell, net, relationship, conservation, pension, dimension, flashlight, boundary, pensioner動詞witness, yell, pause, dive, flee, drag, urge, abandon, jog, reflect,

2、 suck, scare形容詞annual, pure, aware, vivid, neat, narrow, sharp, tasty, grey, shallow, steep, Antarctic, awesome介詞opposite知識歸納短語詞匯表help (.) out, be / become aware of, upside down, (be) scared to death課文中hear of, sort out, call out, be terrified of, wake up句式1. without +動詞-ing形式”作狀語 2. What +a/an +形容詞

3、 +名詞 +主語 +系動詞！語法復習被動語態(tài)(二)知識清單1. _ n. 軼事; 奇聞 2. _ n. 目擊者; 證人; 證據(jù) vt. 經(jīng)歷; 見證; 出席; 觀察 vi. 證明; 為(宗教信仰)做見證 3. _ n. 膳宿; 和解; 住處; 適應 4. _ n. 岸; 濱 5. _ adj. 近海的; 離岸的; 海外的 adv. 離岸地; 近海地 anecdotewitnessaccommodationshoreoffshore(一) 單 詞6. _ n. 嘴唇; 唇狀物 7. _ v. 驅策; 鼓勵; 催促; 力陳 8. _ n. & v. 放棄; 拋棄; 放縱 9. _ n. 鯊魚; 貪

4、婪的人; 放高利貸的人; v. 詐取; 詐騙 10. _ v. 慢跑; 輕推 n. 慢跑; 輕推; 顛簸 11. _ n. 海邊 adj. 海邊(的); 海濱(的) 12. _ n. 網(wǎng); 網(wǎng)狀物 13. _ n. 目標; 對象 vt. 把.作為目標; 瞄準 lipurgeabandonsharkjogseasidenettarget14. _ n. 維(數(shù)); 方面; 側面15. _ vi. 思考 vt. 映射; 反射; 思考16. _ adj. 純的; 純粹的; 純潔的17. _ n. 細胞18. _ adj. 整齊的; 均勻的19. _ n. 海藻; 海草20. _ adj. 狹窄的;

5、有限的21. _ n. 閃光信號燈; 手電筒22. _ vt. & vi. 吮吸23. _ vt. 拖; 拉; 扯dimensionreflectpurecellneatseaweednarrowflashlightsuckdrag24. _ adj. 銳利的; 鋒利的; 敏捷的25. _ adj. 好吃的; 可口的26. _ adj. & n. 灰色(的)27. _ vt. 恐嚇 vi. 受驚嚇28. _ adj. 淺的; 膚淺的; 淺顯的29. _ adj. 陡峭的30. _ n. 界限; 分界線31. _ adj. 南極的32. _ adj. 使人敬畏的; 令人畏懼的sharptasty

6、greyscareshallowsteepboundaryAntarcticawesome33. _ n. 潮水; 潮流34. _ vi. 大叫; 呼喊 n. 叫聲; 喊聲35. _ vi. & n. 暫停; 中止36. _ n. 望遠鏡37. _ n. 協(xié)作; 配合38. _ n. 深(度); 深處39. _ n. 海豹; 封條; 印章40. _ n. 養(yǎng)老金; 退休金41. _ n. 領取養(yǎng)老金者42. _ vi./n.跳水; 潛水; 俯沖tideyellpausetelescopeteamworkdepthsealpensionpensionerdive43. _ n. 年刊; 年鑒_

7、adj. 每年的; 按年度; 計算的 _ adv.一年一次地44. _ prep.在對面 _ adj. 相對的; 相反的_v. 反對45. _ vi. 逃離; 逃跑_ (過去分詞)46. _adj. 生動的; 鮮艷的_ adv. 生動地_ n. 清晰annualannualannuallyoppositeoppositeopposefleefledvividvividlyvividness47. _n. 關系_ n. 關系, 聯(lián)系_ adj.比較的_ adj. 相關的, 聯(lián)系的_ v. 聯(lián)系; 交往48. _ n. 保存; 保護_ vt. 保護; 保存49. _ adj.意識到的 _ n. 意

8、識 _ adj. 沒意識到的relationshiprelationrelativerelatedrelateconservationconserveawareawarenessunaware1. _ 親眼見證2. _ 分類; 收拾; 整理3. _ 早于; 在前面4. _ 朝瞄準5. _ 調轉; 回轉6. _ 害怕7. _ 幫助某人擺脫困難 witness sth. with ones own eyessort outahead ofaim atturn aroundbe terrified ofhelp sb. out (二) 短 語8. _ 思考; 考慮9. _ 對明白; 知道10. _

9、上下翻轉11. _ 接近; 靠近12. _ 嚇死了reflect onbe aware ofupside downget close tobe scared to death We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult

10、to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是的(三) 句 式“It seems + that從句”, 其中it 是形式主語, that引導主語從句。3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, 4. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 句中的be about

11、 to表示即將發(fā)生的動作, 意 為“正要/就要”, 不與具體表示將來的時間 狀語連用, 常與when引導的時間狀語連用。核心要點1. witness n. 目擊者; 證人; 證據(jù) vt. 當場見證; 目擊; 見證 I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. （課文原句） 當時我以為只是一個故事罷了，但是后來我親眼見過許多次。(一) 單 詞【歸納】 witness sth. 當場見到; 目擊; 見證 a witness to sth.

12、 某事的證人 bear/give witness to sth. 為作證; 證明 witness to (doing) sth. 作證, 證明(做)某事1) He is a key witness in this case. 在這個案件中, 他是一個主要見證人。2) Did anyone witness the traffic accident? 有誰目擊了這場交通事故？3) The temples bear witness to the citys former greatness. 這些廟宇見證了這個城市以前的輝煌。4) He witnessed to having seen the ma

13、n enter the room. 他證明看到那人進了房間。2. pause v. 暫停, 停頓 Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. （課文原句） 一刻不停地，我們和其他捕鯨人都跳進漁船，朝海灣方向駛去。 【歸納】 pause for 因而暫停 pause on (upon) sth. 仔細考慮 n. 停頓, 間斷 give someone pause 令人深思; 令人考慮3. drag v. 拖; 拉; 迫使; 緩慢行進 n. 拖; 拉; 累贅;

14、 阻力 Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. （課文原句） 過了片刻，鯨的尸體就被虎鯨們迅速拖向深海中去了。 【拓展】 drag away 將硬拖走 drag behind 落在后面 drag down 拖下去; 把身體拖垮 drag through 緩緩地通過 drag up 向上拉1) Drag up a chair and join the conversation. 把椅子拉過來, 加入我們的談話。2) Its the hi

15、gh fever thats been dragging him down. 是這場高燒把他的身體拖垮的。3) I wanted to stay, but she dragged me off to help her shop. 我本想留下來, 可她硬是把我拉走幫她買東西。4. urge vt. 催促; 極力主張; 驅策 “Man overboard! Turn the boat around!” urged George, shouting loudly. （課文原句） 喬治大聲喊道：“有人落水了！把船頭調回去！” 【歸納】 urge sb./sth. on 催促某人/某物前進 urge s

16、b. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that sb. (should) do sth. 極力主張, 強調1) Brown urged her to reconsider her decision. 布朗極力勸說她重新考慮自己的決定。2) I urged that he (should) do his best. 我強調他要盡自己最大的努力?！咀ⅰ?urge 后跟that 賓語從句時常用(should)+ 動詞原形的虛擬語氣, 使用時請注意！5. abandon vt. 放棄; 遺棄; 拋棄; 離棄; 逃離 Fr

17、om Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. （課文原句） 從詹姆斯的臉上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我們遺棄。 【歸納】 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abandon the hope (of doing sth.) 放棄(做某事的)希望 abandon doing sth. 放棄做某事 with abandon 放任的, 放縱的1) The cruel man abandoned his wife and child. 那個狠心的男人拋棄了他的妻兒。2) Those who aba

18、ndon themselves to despair can not succeed. 那些自暴自棄的人無法成功。3) People were shouting and cheering with abandon. 人們興高采烈, 縱情歡呼。6. target n.目標; 靶; 受批評的對象 vt. 把作為攻擊目標/批評對象 First, not only target fish are caught in the net, but many other sea animals are found hanging there. （課文原句） 首先，不但可以網(wǎng)到想要捉的魚，而且其他的海洋動物也可

19、以捕獲?！練w納】 set (sb.) a target for (給某人)設定的目標 Our country has set a target for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. 我國已制定了一個降低二氧化碳排放的目 標。7. scare v. 恐嚇, 使驚嚇 n. 驚恐, 驚嚇 I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! （課文原句） 我自言自語地說它們并不危險，但是這樣一點也不能

20、抑制我那怕得要死的心情。 【歸納】 be scared of 害怕 be scared to do 害怕做 scare . away/off 把嚇走 【拓展】scared adj. 驚慌的 相當于frightened be scared to death/out of ones wits 被嚇得要死; 被嚇得魂不附體1) You scared me out of my mind, coming up behind me suddenly like that. 你這冷不防從背后過來, 真把我嚇死了。2) Ill see if I can scare up a meal from the scra

21、ps of food in the kitchen. 我去看看能否把廚房里的剩飯湊成一頓飯菜。3) The high price is scaring away possible buyers. 價格昂貴, 把想買東西的顧客嚇跑了。1. help.out 幫助某人擺脫困境 Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make a successful kill. （課文原句） 有了虎鯨的幫助，捕鯨人才有了一次成功的捕殺。(二) 短 語 【拓展】 help (sb.) (to) do sth. 幫(某人)做某事

22、cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 help oneself (to sth.) 自取, 自用 cant help but do sth. 不得不做某事 help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 cant help (to) do sth. 不能幫著做某事1) If you havent got time to finish, Ill help you out. 如果你來不及做完, 我會幫你擺脫困境。2) Do you mind helping me with this a minute? 你能抽點時間幫我一把嗎？3) I cant help wonderi

23、ng what happened to that little girl. 我忍不住想知道那個小女孩出了什么事。2. be /become aware of 對知道、明 白; 意識到. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. （課文原句） 我首先注意到的是我周圍那些鮮艷的色彩紫色、紅色、橘黃、明黃、藍色和綠色等。【拓展】 aware多作形容詞, 意為“知道的; 察覺的”, 常接 of+名

24、詞、代詞、動詞-ing形式; 也可以接從句, 此時可以省略介詞of, 其前常被副詞well/quite/ fully修飾。aware還可與politically, environmentally等副詞連用, 表示“有覺悟; 有意識”。其名詞形式為awareness, 意為“察覺; 覺悟; 意識(+of/that)”1) He said that the government was quite aware oftheproblem. 他說政府很清楚這個問題。2)Shewasnotawareofhavingdonewrong. 她沒有意識到做錯了事。3) Heisapoliticallyawar

25、eyoungman. 他是個政治上有覺悟的青年。4)Thereisageneralawarenessthatsmokingisharmful. 人們普遍認識到吸煙有害健康。 3. upside down 上下翻轉 The yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth. （課文原句） 黃綠相間的鸚嘴魚倒掛著，用它那像鳥嘴一樣的硬嘴從珊瑚上吸吮的微小植物。 【歸納】 upside down意為“底朝上,

26、上下顛倒, 倒轉, 亂七八糟”。如： The picture is hanging upside down. Thieves left the place upside down. 【拓展】 turn . upside down 把翻得亂七八糟, 給(某人的生活)造成大的變化或混亂。如： Mark turned the whole room upside down looking for his book.We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of t

27、he water and then crashing down again. see sb. doing sth. 看見某人正在干某事【歸納】 感官動詞see, watch, notice, discover, observe, hear, smell等可跟動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語, 動詞-ing與賓語構成主動關系, 強調動作正在進行。 (三) 句 式2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是的 【歸納】

28、 在此句型中, 如前面形容詞(adj.) 指代事物、事情特征, 如：important, easy, difficult, strange, necessary, important等, 則后用for; 如果為說明人的性格、特征的形容詞, 如kind, polite, foolish, warmhearted, cruel等, 則用of?！癐t seems + that從句”, 其中it 是形式主語, that引導主語從句。如：It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎沒有人知道在公園里發(fā)生了什么事。It seems

29、 to me that Mr. Brown will not come again. 在我看來布朗先生不會再來了。3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, 【拓展】“There + seem to be +名詞”, 其中to be 可省略。seem 的單復數(shù)形式要根據(jù)后面作主語的名詞的單復數(shù)形式而定。如：There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看來我們戰(zhàn)勝那

30、個隊沒有多大希望。There seems no need to wait longer. 看來沒有再等的必要了。 4. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. be about to表示即將發(fā)生的動作, “正要/就要”, 不與具體表示將來的時間狀語連用, 常與when引導的時間狀語連用。1) Sit down, everyone. The films about to start. 大家坐下, 電影馬上開始。2) I was about to give up when the good news

31、came. 當好消息傳來時我正打算放棄。I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the _ (deep) of her knowledge.2. A(n) _ (abandon) baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.abandoneddepth 3. The program will give young athletes the chance to _ (sharp) their skills.4. I didnt like the sou

32、p, but all in all, the dinner was pretty _ (taste).5. I wanted to ask her out but was _ (scare) that she might refuse.scaredsharpentastyII. 根據(jù)所給的漢語提示補全下列句子。 To get the plant out of the pot, turn the pot _ (上下顛倒) and give it a gentle knock.2. Ive often _ (幫助鮑勃擺脫困難) when hes short of money.upside down

33、helped Bob out3. He doesnt seem to _ (意識 到) the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal.4. As I opened the door, I found little Ben was _ (歸類) the bricks into different colors alone.be aware ofsorting out語法被動語態(tài)（二）【歸納】1. 當動詞-ing形式的邏輯主語是其動作的承受者時，動詞-ing形式要用被動式。動詞-ing的被動式有兩種：一般式的被動式，即being done，表示

34、一個正在進行或與謂語所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的被動動作；完成式的被動式，即having been done，表示的被動動作發(fā)生在謂語所表示的動作之前。2. 動詞-ing形式的被動式在句中可以作主語、賓語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語。e.g. 1) Being defeated by Jim was a terrifying experience. 2) I hate being bothered with silly questions.3) The boy ran away for fear of being hurt. 4) The railway being built will greatly

35、 benefit our city.5) When Julia got to the meeting room, she heard her works being discussed.6) Being accompanied by his father, the boy felt very happy.7) Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow. 【拓展】1. need, require, want表示“需要”時，后接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。如： The house needs

36、 / wants / requires repairing. = The house needs / wants / requires to be repaired.2. be worth后接動詞-ing形式的主動形式表示被動意義。如： The book is not worth reading. 3. 不定式的被動式、動詞-ing形式的被動式和過去分詞都可作定語表示被動意義，但所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間有所不同。如： The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of vital importance. (to be discussed所表示的被動動作將要發(fā)生)

37、 The problem being discussed is of vital importance. (being discussed所表示的被動動作正在發(fā)生) The problem discussed yesterday is of vital importance. (discussed所表示的被動動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生)用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1. The famous singer always wears sunglasses. Therefore, she can go shopping without _ (recognize).2. The boss was happy to

38、see new products _ (develop) after great effort. 3. David remembered _ (take) to France as a small child. being takenbeing recognizeddeveloped4. The boy disliked _ (speak) to like that.5. _ (test) several times, this new product will be put into mass production.6. I have been invited to a party _ (h

39、old) in our club next Sunday.7. The drawer showed no signs of _ _ (touch).8. The scientists designed a shirt that never needs _ (wash).washing/to be washedbeing spokenHaving been testedto be heldhaving beentouched/being touched寫作【寫作任務】 假設你是李華，幾天前從某外資家電商場買了一臺電冰箱。使用后發(fā)現(xiàn)這臺冰箱存在門關不緊、冷藏效果差的問題。請你給本商場服務部負責人寫

40、一封投訴信，希望其給予調換或者安排維修人員上門維修。如何寫投訴信注意：詞數(shù)100左右。Dear Sir or Madam, _Yours sincerely, Li Hua【寫作指導】 這是一封投訴信。投訴信與普通書信格式一樣, 但要注意的是寫投訴信是為了求得解決問題而不是泄憤, 因此寫信時一定要態(tài)度誠懇、禮貌委婉。投訴信一般包括以下幾點內(nèi)容：寫信的目的、投訴的原因、希望得到的結果和表示感謝。 針對這篇習作, 可以把全文分為三段： 第一段：表明寫信的目的對購買的冰箱出現(xiàn)的問題進行投訴。 第二段：投訴的原因以及希望得到的結果冰箱門關不緊、冷藏效果差，希望調換或者安排維修人員上門維修。 第三段：表

41、示感謝?！境Ｓ帽磉_】開頭： I am writing to make a complaint about / complain about . I am writing to express my dissatisfaction / disappointment with . Im sorry to bother you but .主體： There are some problems with . that I wish to bring to your attention. Im really not happy . Im eager to know whether . Id like a

42、 full refund / a new one that .結尾： I would appreciate it if you . Im looking forward to . I do hope .【參考范文】Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing to complain about my disappointment with the refrigerator I bought from your store. After using it for two days, I found there was something wrong with the refrige

43、rator. First, its door couldnt close tightly so that the refrigerator couldnt work well. Whats worse, the outer wall felt very hot and the food stored in it went bad quickly. Therefore, I am eager to know whether you can change it for a new one or send a repairman as soon as possible. I would apprec

44、iate it if you could take my complaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua鞏固練習I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。1. I wanted to ask her out but was _ (scare) that she might refuse.2. They continued for another few kilometers until they reached a(n) _ (abandon) gas stati

45、on.scaredabandoned3. The program will give young athletes the chance to _ (sharp) their skills.4. These sausages are really _ (taste) where did you buy them?5. One in five _ (pension) rely entirely on state benefits for their income.sharpentastypensionersII. 選用合適的單詞并用其正確形式填空。annual, dive, opposite,

46、pause, witness, yell1. There was a(n) _ in the conversation as everyone turned to say hello to Paul. “No,” he replied, without _ for thought.pausepausingannual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell2. It is strange how two scientists studying the same problem can come to completely _ conclusions. My

47、father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the _.3. Im sorry I _ at you last night. A great _ went up from the crowd. Liverpool had scored.oppositeoppositeyelledyellannual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell4. I looked for Wymans picture in my high-school _. In the first half of the 1970s

48、, the economy was growing at a(n) _ rate of 7 percent.5. He signed the document in the presence of two _. The crash was _ by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.annualannualwitnesseswitnessedannual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell6. The plane _ towards the ground and exploded in a ball of flame. The goalkeeper made a(n) _ for the ball, but couldnt stop it going in the net.diveddiveIII. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確形式填空。1. The interview only took ten minutes, but it _ (feel) like hours.2. The pop concert _ (expect) to attract over 20,000 people but only less than 5,000