1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)系列講座 -翻譯Contents1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯簡(jiǎn)介2翻譯題的特點(diǎn)3翻譯的題型分析4常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題和應(yīng)對(duì)策略5翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、方法和步驟6真題分析1大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯簡(jiǎn)介現(xiàn)行四級(jí)考試的翻譯試題采取漢譯英的形式，為句子片段翻譯，答題時(shí)間為5分鐘。試題給出5個(gè)不完整的句子，每一句為一題，要求考生根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的中文表達(dá)進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的翻譯，將所缺部分補(bǔ)充完整。主要題型為短句翻譯和短語(yǔ)翻譯，屬于綜合測(cè)試題，主要考察考生兩方面的知識(shí)和能力：一是對(duì)重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的掌握和應(yīng)用能力；二是對(duì)重要固定搭配的認(rèn)知和實(shí)際掌握運(yùn)用的熟練程度。2翻譯題的特點(diǎn)四級(jí)考試的翻譯部分具有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1）翻譯部分的難易程度相當(dāng)于大英四級(jí)教

2、材中的漢譯英練習(xí)；2）測(cè)試內(nèi)容一般為英語(yǔ)短句的翻譯，不涉及專(zhuān)業(yè)理論知識(shí)的新聞翻譯、文學(xué)翻譯、也不涉及專(zhuān)業(yè)理論知識(shí)的高科技翻譯；3）此部分名為翻譯，實(shí)為完成句子，每句涉及15個(gè)左右的單詞，但填入部分只涉及3-8個(gè)。3翻譯的題型分析從2006年6月24日到2010年12月，共有十次新四級(jí)考試。在新四級(jí)翻譯考試中，很多核心考點(diǎn)反復(fù)重考。下面以歷年真題為例，詳細(xì)講解四級(jí)翻譯四大考點(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)一：四級(jí)核心詞組 考點(diǎn)二：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)三：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)五：定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)六：狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)七：名詞性從句考點(diǎn)八：分詞做狀語(yǔ)4常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題和應(yīng)對(duì)策略1）常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題理解和表達(dá)不到位是翻譯的最大問(wèn)題。理解關(guān)鍵在于理解句

3、子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)；表達(dá)關(guān)鍵在于用符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣的詞語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。2）應(yīng)對(duì)策略考生要加強(qiáng)基礎(chǔ)句法和詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)，重視精讀課后的漢譯英練習(xí)，做到持之以恒。5翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、方法和步驟1）翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：準(zhǔn)確、通順、完整。2）方法：以直譯為主，適當(dāng)意譯。3）步驟：A 首先通讀并準(zhǔn)確理解全句，判斷句子是簡(jiǎn)單句還是復(fù)合句，弄清句子的主干和修飾成分，劃分意群。B 然后根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的中文提示選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯和表達(dá)手段，特別要注意用英語(yǔ)的邏輯思維方式來(lái)安排句子的語(yǔ)序，一定要結(jié)合整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行翻譯。C 最后進(jìn)行審核，以便檢查出譯文部分在理解和表達(dá)上是否有問(wèn)題、錯(cuò)誤和誤譯，并作出及時(shí)的改正適當(dāng)調(diào)整。6真題分析考點(diǎn)一：四級(jí)核心詞組 考點(diǎn)二：

4、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)三：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)五：定語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)六：狀語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)七：名詞性從句考點(diǎn)八：分詞做狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一：四級(jí)核心詞組例1: have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something（做某事有困難）已經(jīng)考過(guò)三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)名詞形式。1）2006年6月87題：Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (in) finding the way to the Museum of History（找到去歷史博物館的路）.2）2009年6月87題：Soon af

5、ter he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had difficulty in catching up with his classmates （很難跟上班里的同學(xué)）in math and English.3）2010年6月87題：Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment(集中注意力在實(shí)驗(yàn)上).例2: 習(xí)慣表達(dá)： It is asserted that 有人主張 It is

6、 believed that 有人認(rèn)為It is generally considered that 大家(一般人)認(rèn)為It is well known that 大家知道(眾所周知)It will be said 有人會(huì)說(shuō)It was told that 有人曾經(jīng)說(shuō)It is hoped that 希望 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō) It is supposed that 據(jù)推測(cè)It must be admitted that 必須承認(rèn)It must be pointed out that 必須指出It will be seen from

7、 this that 由此可見(jiàn)It may be said without fear of exaggeration that 可以毫不夸張地說(shuō)考點(diǎn)二：倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)考過(guò)三次，需要注意的前半句與后半句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)前后呼應(yīng)。1）大綱樣題88題：Not only did he charge me too much/overcharge me （他向我收費(fèi)過(guò)高）, but he didnt do a good repair job either.2）2006年6月考題：The more you explain, the more confused I am(我愈糊涂) . 3）2008年6月91題： Not u

8、ntil he had accomplished his mission （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.4）2010年6月88題：The manager never laughed; neither did she lose her temper （她也從來(lái)沒(méi)有發(fā)過(guò)脾氣）.考點(diǎn)三：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)考過(guò)六次1）2006年6月91題：Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company （他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.

9、2）2007年12月91題：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow(是用他們能夠借到多少來(lái)衡量）, not how much they can earn.3）2008年6月87題：Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of new technology （能應(yīng)用于新技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)）4）2008年12月91

10、題：The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor （直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了他）.5）2009年6月91題：The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is closely related to the lack of exercise （與缺乏鍛煉密切相關(guān)）.6）2010年6月89題：We look forward to being invited to attend the opening ceremony

11、 （被邀請(qǐng)出席開(kāi)幕式）.考點(diǎn)四：虛擬語(yǔ)氣考過(guò)五次。最?？嫉目键c(diǎn)有兩個(gè)： 一是require或suggest等動(dòng)詞+that引導(dǎo)的建議句型，后面應(yīng)使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略； 二是從句使用if引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句使用would+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。1）2006年6月89題：The professor required that we hand in our research report (s) （我們交研究報(bào)告）by Wednesday.2）2006年12月89題：The victim would have had a chance to survive/of survival

12、 （本來(lái)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái)）if he had been taken to hospital in time.3）2009年6月88題：If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain （就不會(huì)被大雨淋了）.4）2009年12月87題：You would not have failed if you had followed my instructions （按照我的指令去做）.5）2010年6月90題：It is suggested that the air conditioner

13、 (should) be fixed/installed beside the window （要安裝在窗戶(hù)旁邊）.考點(diǎn)五：定語(yǔ)從句1.that或which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2008年12月考題：Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems which/that they havent found answers to(他們至今還沒(méi)有答案).2.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句2007年6月考題： The prevention and treatment of AIDS is a field where (in

14、 which) we can cooperate(我們可以合作的領(lǐng)域).考點(diǎn)六：狀語(yǔ)從句1.目的狀語(yǔ) (常用連詞so that, in order that, lest, in case, for the purpose)2008年12月考題： Youd better take a sweater with you in case it turns/should turn cold/lest it should turn cold(以防天氣變冷).2006年6月考題：In order to support my University studies (to finance my educati

15、on)(為了掙錢(qián)供我上學(xué)) ,mother often takes on more work than is good for her.2.讓步狀語(yǔ) (常用引導(dǎo)詞though, although, as, even if, even though, whether, whatever)2008年6月考題：Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is/ whatever job it is,(無(wú)論是什么工作)，is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.2006年6月

16、考題：Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company （他被公司解雇了）last week because of the economic crisis.2007年12月考題：I am going to pursue this course, no matter what sacrifices I will make(無(wú)論我要做什么樣的犧牲).3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) (常用引導(dǎo)詞when, while, as soon as, until, after, 特別注意notuntil的正常結(jié)構(gòu)、強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，以及until置于句首的用法 )2008年12

17、月考題：The anti-virus agent was not known until it was accidentally found by a doctor （直到一名醫(yī)生偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了他）.2006年12月考題：Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely when theyre away from home(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)).4.條件狀語(yǔ) （常用引導(dǎo)詞as long as, unless, provided that）2007年6月考題： Please come here at ten tomorrow mornin

18、g if its convenient for you(如果你方便的話(huà))考點(diǎn)七：名詞性從句(連詞that, wh-疑問(wèn)詞，what，whatever等關(guān)系代詞)1.主語(yǔ)從句 2008年12月考題： What most parents are care about/are concerned about/The concern of most parents (大多數(shù)父母所關(guān)心的)is providing the best education possible for their children. 2.賓語(yǔ)從句2007年12月考題：Many Americans live on credit,

19、and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow(是用他們能夠借到多少來(lái)衡量）, not how much they can earn.3.表語(yǔ)從句2007年12月考題：In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am more likely to get tired than before(我比以前更容易累了).考點(diǎn)八：分詞做狀語(yǔ)2006年6月考題：Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble findi

20、ng the way to the History Museum(找到去博物館的路).2008年6月考題：Compared with the place where I was brought up(與我生長(zhǎng)的地方相比),this town is more prosperous and exciting.Unit 11. always concerned about the poor and the sick2. advocate a reduction in/ advocate reducing3. has extended its influence 4. want to read dig

21、est of books by great authors5. for fear that he should be recognizedUnit 21. play indispensable roles2. was depressed about his failure in his exam3. they have acute vision4. complain about us to the police5. deserve a good restUnit 31. departing for New York2. has been acknowledged as/ to be3. are

22、 competing with foreign countries4. make a pledge to struggle for the freedom of the country5. confronting/ facing the new republic Unit 41. to accord with their theory2. they have ever undertaken 3. I feel really embarrassed about it4. settle down5. fulfilled/realized her amibitionUnit 51. actually

23、 derive from the Bible2. ask for a receipt3. found the treasure by accident4. is likely to accelerate5. is in contradiction toUnit 61. was so particular about everything2. on behalf of his party3. for more/higher wages/ for a wage rise 4. blocked the traffic5. announced his resignation to staff memb

24、er/ announced to staff members that he would resign Unit 71. treat friends to dinners and movies2. But for their help,3. keeping up with the rest of the class4. (should) inform us immediately 5. people will objectUnit 81. was responsible for the death of the little girl2. on the contrary, it is very

25、 expensive.3. miss the splendid opportunity.4. denies having started the fire behind the store.5. curious by nature.Unit 91. contribute to heart disease2. in a word, I cant speak too highly of him.3. was cut off by the flood4. My gross annual income5. are located in the city centerUnit 101. Ill see to2. get over our present difficulties3. affected by the problem of weightlessness.4. are now out of stock5. misled me into thinkingUnit 111. are printed in bold type2. to furn