1、Swine Production and Herd Health Management豬生產(chǎn)和豬群健康管理Kurt Preugschas 張克特My Background（我的背景）Grew up on a family run 800 sow nucleus herd with 3 hired employees生長于一個擁有 800 頭核心母豬群場并雇傭了三個員工的家庭I was involved in management and the genetic selection program負責(zé)豬場管理及豬群遺傳選育計劃3 years in university taking Bachel

2、or of Science in Agriculture在農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)三年并獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位2 years in Western College of Veterinary Medicine在沙省西部獸醫(yī)學(xué)院進修了 2 年Alberta, Canada 加拿大, 阿爾伯達Bloomsbury, Alberta, Canada 加拿大阿爾伯達省布隆斯伯里Alberta versus Heilongjiang阿爾伯達與黑龍江對比Alberta 阿爾伯達650, 000 km2650, 000平方公里3.5 million people350萬人口5 people/km2每平方公里5個人205, 000

3、 sows205, 000頭母豬3.2 million market hogs per year 年出欄320萬頭肥豬Heilongjiang 黑龍江460, 000 km2460, 000平方公里37 million people3700萬人口83 people/km2每平方公里83個人1.4 million sows140萬頭母豬15.8 million market hogs per year年出欄1580萬頭肥豬Pig Breeds 種豬選育 Maternal 母本Landrace X Yorkshire = F1長白 X 約克夏 = F1代母豬High fecundity and m

4、othering ability高繁殖力，母性好Terminal sire 終端父本Duroc, Pietrain, Hampshire杜洛克，皮特蘭，漢普夏Duroc X Lacombe = Trailblazer杜洛克 X 拉康姆豬 = 型雜交豬Growth, carcass and meat quality成長性，胴體及瘦肉品質(zhì)Lacombe 拉康姆豬Duroc 杜洛克Trailblazer boar 新型雜交公豬 Terminal sire 終端父本Landrace 長白Yorkshire 約克夏X=X=X=Market hogs商品豬F1 gilts/sows F1 后備/母豬 Ma

5、ternal line 母系A(chǔ)dvantages of Trailblazer for Terminal Sire新型雜交豬做為終端父本的優(yōu)勢Excellent meat quality優(yōu)良的豬肉品質(zhì)Optimum heterosis完美的雜交優(yōu)勢Easy boar handling公豬易于管理Increased semen production精液數(shù)量有所增加Paternal 終端父本Duroc 杜洛克 X = Market Hogs 商品豬Maternal 母系Landrace 長白 X = F1 Y x L gilt 二元雜交后備母豬Yorkshire 大白Most Common Can

6、adian Pig Breeds 加拿大最常用的三品種雜交生產(chǎn)體系Genetic Pyramid 遺傳金字塔 Genetic Nucleus Purebreds 遺傳核心純種Landrace, Yorkshire, Duroc, Lacombe, etc. 長白，約克夏，杜洛克，拉康姆等等。Multiplier Produce F1 雜交繁育 F1 代母豬Landrace X Yorkshire = F1 長白 X 約克夏 = F1 代母本Commercial Market hogs 商品豬F1 X Terminal sire F1 X 終端父本Genetic Improvement 遺傳改良

7、Use high performance genetics 應(yīng)用高遺傳力Pigs that have the ability to perform if managed correctlyBreeding program 育種計劃Mating pigs with the desired or complementary traitsRate of improvement depends on 改良進度：Selection intensity (fewer and better animals = more progress)Heritability of traits (higher = mo

8、re progress)Generation interval (faster turnover of herd = more progress)Genetic Improvement 遺傳改良Performance testing 性狀檢測 Estimated Breeding Value (EBV) program 評估預(yù)計育種值計劃Measure of the genetic value of an animal (its value as a parent)Excellent tool to select genetically superior animals for matingC

9、ompares all pigs in CanadaMost important traits are growth rate, backfat, lean muscle, litter sizeMany factors influence performance of animalsEnvironment temperature, space, social rankPhysical appetite, condition, weightManagement diet, water, feeding programSire Line Index growth rate, feed conve

10、rsion, lean muscleDam Line Index litter size, growth rate, feed conversionGenetic Improvement 遺傳改良Selection of individuals with desired traitsSelect traits that are economically important選擇擁有所需性狀的個體Record keeping Many different computer programsEssential to maintain identity of individual pigsAllows

11、 to visualize and predict improvements記錄保存 計算機計劃Continued monitoring of data/animals and improvements對動物相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)及性狀提高進行持續(xù)的監(jiān)測Farm Systems 農(nóng)場系統(tǒng)Farrow to Finish 仔豬育肥豬Breeding, farrowing, nursery, finishing all at same site/farm種豬，仔豬，保育豬，育肥豬都在同一個地點/農(nóng)場Two site unit 兩點式養(yǎng)殖One site has breeding, farrowing, +/-

12、nursery一點飼養(yǎng)種豬，仔豬和保育豬Other site has finishing, +/- nursery另一點飼養(yǎng)育肥豬，保育豬Three sites 三點式養(yǎng)殖One site has breeding and farrowing一點飼養(yǎng)種豬和仔豬One site has nursery一點飼養(yǎng)保育豬One site has finishing一點飼養(yǎng)育肥豬Pigflow 養(yǎng)豬模式Continuous flow全程飼養(yǎng)Different ages in same large airspace不同階段的豬只生活在同一區(qū)域Increase risk of disease transmi

13、ssion增加了傳播疾病的風(fēng)險Decreased ability to clean降低了消毒的功效All-in-all-out 全進全出Small airspace 小的區(qū)域Pigs all of same age and size豬只處于相同生長階段By room: multiple rooms in 1 building豬舍：一個場區(qū)有大量相同的豬舍By building: entire building場區(qū)：完整統(tǒng)一More efficient management更加有效的管理Gestation Sow Housing 懷孕母豬舍Stalled Housing 定位欄Easy mana

14、gement便于管理Prevents aggression預(yù)防豬群間互相攻擊Ensures feeding consistency保證采食量的均衡Decreased normal behaviour減少了正常的活動Weaker muscles and bones降低了肌肉及骨胳的性能Gestation Sow Housing 懷孕母豬舍Group Housing 群養(yǎng)Variable 數(shù)量不定Allows normal movement & behaviour母豬可以正?；顒覫ncreased fighting and aggression增加了打架及攻擊的機會Variable feed in

15、take consistency不確定的采食量Stronger bones and muscles擁有強壯的肌肉及骨胳Electronic Sow Feeder 母豬電子飼喂器Gestation Sow Housing 懷孕母豬舍Combination Housing結(jié)合式飼養(yǎng)The future of sow housing母豬飼養(yǎng)的未來Allows independent and stress-free eating達到了獨立及自由采食Gives option to get exercise and socialize母豬擁有了鍛煉及實現(xiàn)其群體性的選擇Best of stalls and

16、group housing systems最好的欄舍及群養(yǎng)系統(tǒng)Ventilation 通風(fēng)Good ventilation system essential to maintain health and performance of pigs為了保持豬群的健康及良好性能，完善的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)是必須的。Fans remove moisture and gasesBest if variable speeds with thermostat can increase/decrease speed for different temperatures and turn on/off by itself通風(fēng)

17、機： 除濕及有害氣體 速度可調(diào)節(jié)恒溫器是最好的：可以根據(jù)溫度加大或降低速度Inlets supply fresh air 入口： 提供新鮮空氣Controller & sensors allows to monitor and adjust easily控制器&傳感器： 使監(jiān)控和調(diào)節(jié)變的易行Commonly see dirty pen/pigs if poor ventilation如果通風(fēng)不好，會經(jīng)常見到豬舍或豬只骯臟不堪 Nutrition 營養(yǎng)Many different rations for every level of production不同的生長階段，給予不同的營養(yǎng)配給。Ext

18、remely important to maximize performance對發(fā)揮最好的生產(chǎn)性能是極其重要的。Gestation versus Lactation懷孕與哺乳的比較Nursery versus Grower保育與育肥的比較Herd Health Management 豬群健康管理Health Status 健康狀況Health monitoring and record keeping健康監(jiān)控與記錄保存Biosecurity 生物安全Preventing disease introduction into a farm external biosecurity預(yù)防疾病傳入場內(nèi)

19、： 外部的生物安全Preventing disease introduction within a farm or among rooms/areas/ages internal biosecurity預(yù)防疾病在場內(nèi)或不同豬舍/不同區(qū)域/不同階段豬群之間傳播： 內(nèi)部的生物安全Vaccination protocols 疫苗接種計劃CQA 加拿大質(zhì)量保證Health Status of Herd 豬群的健康狀況High Health status 好的健康狀況Optimum health status良好的健康狀況Free of specific pathogens (bacteria/viru

20、ses)可抵抗特定病原體（細菌或病毒）Most important if sell breeding stock如果出售繁育豬群，這將更加重要。Critical to maintain status with biosecurity對保持豬群健康及生物安全是很關(guān)鍵的Conventional Health Status 傳統(tǒng)的健康狀況Variable pathogens present會出現(xiàn)不同的病原體Decreased production efficiency降低了生產(chǎn)效率Monitoring and Record Keeping 監(jiān)控和記錄保存Keep accurate records 保

21、證記錄準確Assess productivity 生產(chǎn)力評估Determine if disease is affecting performance確定疾病是否影響了生產(chǎn)性能Visual inspection for illnesses 疾病的視覺檢查Taking blood samples 抽取血樣Veterinarian health checks 獸醫(yī)健康檢查Ensures health status is maintained確保健康狀況的持續(xù)性Internal Biosecurity 內(nèi)部生物安全Proper pig flow 恰當?shù)呢i群轉(zhuǎn)移All-in-all-out 全進全出Minimize mixing of ages 把不同階段的豬只降到最低Treatment of sick animals 病畜處理Killing of animals who do not improve宰殺沒有好轉(zhuǎn)的性畜Personal hygiene of employees dealing with sick animals處理病畜時雇員的個人衛(wèi)生Foot baths 足浴External Biosecurity 外部生物安全Quarantine replacement animals隔離補充的性畜Isolated location 隔離區(qū)域Control e