1、2014全國高考匯編 HYPERLINK /shti/ t _blank 閱讀之科普知識類一（2014安徽卷）BRecordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says. Beehives (蜂窩)-either recorded or real-may even prevent elephants from damaging farmers crops.In 2002, scientist Lucy King and her team foun

2、d that elephants avoid certain trees with bees living in them. Today, Lucy wants to see if African honeybees might discourage elephants from eating crops. But before she asked farmer to go to the trouble of setting up beehives on their farms, she needed to find out if the bees would scare elephants

3、away.Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into life. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. Next，Lucy searched out elephant families in Samburu National Reserve in

4、northern Kenya and put a speaker in a close to each family.From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephants with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group

5、 ignored the sound of the angry bees. Lucy reported that all the young elephants immediately ran to their mothers to hide under them. When Lucy Played the sound of a waterfall (瀑布) instead of the angry bees to many of the same elephant families, the animals were undisturbed. Even after four minutes,

6、 most of the groups stayed in one place.Lucy is now studying whether the elephants will continue to avoid the sound of angry bees after hearing it several times. She hasnt tested enough groups yet to know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers. She has now

7、begun placing speakers in the fields to see if elephants are frightened away.60. We know from the passage that elephants may he frightened of .A. loud noises B. some cropsC. video cameras D. angry bees61. As mentioned in the passage, LucyA. works by herself in AfricaB. needs to test more elephant gr

8、oupsC. has stopped elephants eating cropsD. has got farmers to set up beehives on their farms62. Why did Lucy throw a stone into a wild beehive?A. To record the sound of bees.B. To make a video of elephants.C. To see if elephants would run away.D. To find out more about the behavior of bees.63. Whic

9、h of the following is true according to the passage?A. Young elephants ignore African honeybees.B. Waterfalls can make elephants stay in one place.C. Elephants do not go near trees with bees living in them.D. Farmers do not allow Lucy to conduct tests in their fields.【考點】考察科普知識類 HYPERLINK /shti/ t _

10、blank 閱讀【文章大意】本文講述了非洲大陸的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的聲音，科學家Lucy King正在研究十分可以利用這個現(xiàn)象來保護莊稼不受大象的侵擾。60. 【答案】D【試題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一句Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away, a new study says.可知憤怒的蜜蜂的錄音的聲音足以讓非洲大象都害怕地跑開。故D正確。61. 【答案】B【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段She hasnt tested enough groups yet t

11、o know, but her initial (最初的) results were promising enough to begin trials with farmers.可知她需要還需要對更多的象群進行研究，以證明蜜蜂的聲音對大象是有影響的。故B正確。62. 【答案】A【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段1,2行Lucy found a wild beehive inside a tree in northern Kenya and set up a recorder. Then she threw a stone into the beehive, which burst into l

12、ife. Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down.他們找到一個蜂巢，放好錄音機，然后扔一個石塊擊中蜂巢，讓蜜蜂都飛起來尋找敵人。他們錄下這個聲音?？芍麄?nèi)邮^是為了錄下憤怒的蜜蜂的聲音。故A正確。63. 【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段From a distance, Lucy switched on the pre-recorded sound of angry bees while at the same time recording the elephant

13、s with a video camera. Half the elephant groups left the area within ten seconds. Out of a total of 17 groups, only one group ignored the sound of the angry bees.可知當她播放蜜蜂的聲音的時候，大部分的大象都在10秒鐘只能離開了，說明大象很害怕蜜蜂的聲音。故C正確?！鹃L難句解析】Recordings of angry bees are enough to send big, tough African elephants running

14、 away, a new study says.【翻譯】一個新的研究說：憤怒的蜜蜂的錄音足以讓體型巨大的非洲大象都逃走。【分析】本句中的表語are enough to send big, tough African elephants running away中的不定式to send big, tough African elephants running away表示的是結(jié)果。句中有一個固定搭配send sb doing sth讓某人做某事，doing是賓語補足語的成分。二（2014北京卷）DMultitaskingWhat is the first thing you notice whe

15、n you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shops scent may not be outstanding compared with sightsand sounds, it is certainly there. And it is provi

16、ding to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purchase.A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be used for freshening air. One spor

17、ts goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.When it comes to the best shopping streets in Pairs, scent is just as important to a brands success as the quality of its window displays and goods on slaes. Th

18、at is mainly because shopping is a very different experience to what it used to be.Some years ago,the focus for brand name shopping was on a few people with sales assistants disproving attitude and dont-touch-what-you-cant-afford displays. Now the rise of electronic commerce (e-commerce) has opened

19、up famous brands to a wider audience. But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only bricks-and-mortar stores (實體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave. Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destination

20、. And scent is just one way to achieve this.Now a famous store uses complex man-made smell to make sure that the soft scent of baby powder floats through the kid department, and coconut (椰子) scent in the swimsuit section. A department store has even opened a new lab, inviting customers on a journey

21、into the stores windows to smell books, pots and drawers, in search of their perfect scent.67. According to the passage, what is an increasingly powerful tool in the success of some brand store?A. Friendly assistant.B. Unique scents.C. Soft background musicD. attractive window display.68. E-shops ar

22、e mentioned in the passage to _ .A. show the advantages of brick-and-mortar storesB. urge shop assistants to change their attitudeC. push stores to use sights and soundsD. introduce the rise of e-commerce69. The underlined word “destination” in Paragraph 5 means _ .A. a platform that exhibts goodsB.

23、 a spot where travelers like to stayC.a place where customers love to goD. a target that a store expects to meet70. The main purpose of the passage is to _ .A. compare and evaluateB. examine and assessC. argue and discussD.inform and explain【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】本文介紹了現(xiàn)在的很多商店都運用一個新方法：味道，來吸引顧客。并解釋了這樣做的原因

24、。這是與網(wǎng)店比較起來實體店的一個優(yōu)勢。67. 【答案】B【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段1,2行A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines.可知這家商店的成功的原因是店里很有特色的味道。故B正確。68. 【答案】A【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第五段3,4行But while e-shops can use sights and sounds, only b

25、ricks-and-mortar stores (實體店) can offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.可知電子網(wǎng)店里可以使用聲音和視覺來吸引顧客，那么實體店里就可以使用味道來吸引顧客。作者舉電子網(wǎng)店是為了說明實體店也有自己的優(yōu)勢。故A正確。69. 【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)本句Another brand store seeks to be much more than a shop, but rather a destinati

26、on.另外一家實體店通過種種方法努力讓自己不僅僅是一個商店，而成為人們愿意去的目的地，既然來到這里，他們就可能多購物了。光顧該詞是指C項含義。70. 【答案】D【試題解析】推理題。本文介紹了現(xiàn)在的很多商店都運用一個新方法：味道，來吸引顧客。并解釋了這樣做的原因。也就是說本文是為了告訴我們這樣的行為并做出解釋。故D正確?！鹃L難句解析】One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased

27、 by 80 percent.【翻譯】一家運動品牌公司曾經(jīng)報道，當他們首先引進香味進入商店的時候，顧客們的購物欲望增加了百分之80.【分析】本句中動詞reported后面含有一個賓語從句that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers intension to purchase increased by 80 percent.通常賓語從句的引導詞that是可以省略的，但是本題賓語從句中有一個when引導的時間裝預從句，所以that是不能省略。三（2014廣東卷）D Scientists today are making

28、 greater effort to study ocean currents (洋流) . Most do it using satellites and other high-tech equipment. However, ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage. A scientist with many years experience, he started this type of research in t

29、he early 1990s when he heard about hundreds of athletic shoes washing up on the shores of the northwest coast of the United States. There were so many shoes that people were setting up swap meets to try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear. Ebbesmeyer found out in his researches that the s

30、hoes about 60,000 in total fell into the ocean in a shipping accident. He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the company told him that they didnt. Ebbesmeyer realized this could be a great experiment. If he learned when and where the shoes went into the wat

31、er and tracked where they landed, he could learn a lot about the patterns of ocean currents. The Pacific Northwest is one of the worlds best areas for beachcombing(海灘搜尋) because winds and currents join here, and as a result, there is a group of serious beachcombers in the area. Ebbesmeyer got to kno

32、w a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes. With this data, he and a colleague were able to test and improve a computer program designed to model ocean currents, and publish the findings

33、 of their study. As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers from West Africa to New Zealand. They have

34、 recorded all lost objects ranging from potatoes to golf gloves.41. The underlined phrase swap meets in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. fitting roomsB. trading fairsC. business talksD. group meetings42. Ebbesmeyer phoned the shoe company to find out _.A. what caused the shipping accidentB.

35、 when and where the shoes went missingC. whether it was all right to use their shoesD. how much they lost in the shipping accident43. How did Ebbesmeyer prove his assumption?A. By collecting information from beachcombers.B. By studying the shoes found by beachcomber.C. By searching the web for ocean

36、 currents models.D. By researching ocean currents data in the library.44. Ebbesmeyer is most famous for _.A. traveling widely the coastal cities of the worldB. making records for any lost objects on the seaC. running a global currents research associationD. phoning about any doubtful objects on the

37、sea45. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A. To call peoples attention to ocean pollution.B. To warn people of shipping safety in the ocean.C. To explain a unique way of studying ocean currents.D. To give tips on how to search for lost objects on the beach.【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】本

38、文介紹了.海洋專家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通過研究海上漂流物的方法來研究洋流，接著就對此方法進行了詳細說明。41.【答案】B【試題解析】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)橫線部分下一句try and match left and right shoes to sell or wear人們嘗試著配對左右腳的鞋，然后去賣或者穿。說明人們想搞一個貿(mào)易集會來賣這些鞋子。故B正確。42. 【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第二段2,3行He phoned the shoe company and asked if they wanted the shoes back. As expected, the comp

39、any told him that they didnt.他打電話給這件制鞋公司，詢問他們是否還想要這些鞋子。也就是說他想知道是否可以使用這些鞋子來進行他的實驗。故C正確。43. 【答案】A【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第三段第2 句Ebbesmeyer got to know a lot of them and asked for their help in collecting information about where the shoes landed. In a year he collected reliable information on 1, 600 shoes.可知他通過b

40、eachcombing來收集信息，進行自己的研究，以此來研究洋流的問題。故A正確。44. 【答案】D【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean.得知因為專門打電話詢問海洋里漂流的物體而出名。故D正確。45. 【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章第一段第3句However, ocean expert C

41、urtis Ebbesmeyer does it in a special way - by studying movements of random floating garbage.海洋專家Curtis Ebbesmeyer通過研究海上漂流物的方法來研究洋流，接著就對此進行了詳細說明。故本文是為了解釋這一獨特的研究洋流的方法，C項正確。四（2014湖北卷）CWorking with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge

42、 University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carte

43、r presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.She found that personality had a major impact on learning. The braver baboons learnt, but the shy ones did not learn the task although they watched the baboon perform the task of finding the novel food

44、just as long as the brave ones did. In effect, despite being made aware of what to do, they were still too shy to do what the experienced baboon did.The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while those who were relaxe

45、d did not, even though they spent more time watching.This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things. The findings are signi

46、ficant because they suggest that animals may perform poorly in cognitive (認知的) tasks not because they arent clever enough to solve them, but because they are too shy or nervous to use the social information.The findings may impact how we understand the formation of culture in societies through socia

47、l learning. If some individuals are unable to get information from others because they dont associate with the knowledgeable individuals, or they are too shy to use the information once they have it, information may not travel between all group members, preventing the formation of a culture based on

48、 social learning.59. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. The design of Dr. Carters research.B. The results of Dr. Carters research.C. The purpose of Dr. Carters research.D. The significance of Dr. Carters research.60. According to the research, which baboons are more likely to complete a new

49、 learning task?A. Those that have more experience.B. Those that can avoid potential risks.C. Those that like to work independently.D. Those that feel anxious about learning.61. Which best illustrates the “mismatch” mentioned in Paragraph 4?A. Some baboons are intelligent but slow in learning.B. Some

50、 baboons are shy but active in social activities.C. Some baboons observe others but dont follow them.D. Some baboons perform new tasks but dont concentrate.62. Dr. Carters findings indicate that our culture might be formed through _.A. storing informationB. learning from each otherC. understanding d

51、ifferent peopleD. travelling between social groups【考點】考察科普知識類閱讀【文章大意】本文通過敘述Dr. Alecia Carter在狒狒身上進行的一項研究顯示動物的性格在社會化的學習中起著很重要的作用。同樣人類也與此相似，我們的文化的形成正是通過交換信息等社會學習活動。59. 【答案】A【試題解析】段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段2,3,4行Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving

52、a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves.可知本段主要描述他進行的這項研究的設(shè)計方案，也就是他在這項研究里是如何做的。故A正確。60. 【答案】D【試題解析】細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第2句The anxious individuals learnt the task

53、by observing others while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知那些很焦慮的急切想學習的狒狒學得更快，更好。而那些害羞的狒狒卻沒有能夠做到。故D正確。61. 【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)第三段The same held true for anxious baboons compared with calm ones. The anxious individuals learnt the task by observing others while t

54、hose who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.可知一些狒狒雖然觀察了很長時間，但是并沒有采取行動。這一錯位說明性格在動物的社會行為中起著很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最后一句while those who were relaxed did not, even though they spent more time watching.的內(nèi)容。故C正確。62. 【答案】B【試題解析】推理題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句The findings may impact how we un

55、derstand the formation of culture in societies through social learning可知人們是通過社會學習來理解我們文化的組成的。也就是說人們需要相互交換信息，相互學習。故B正確。【長難句解析】1.Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a nove

56、l food and a familiar food hidden in a box.【翻譯】和一群狒狒在納米比亞的沙漠里工作的來自劍橋大學的動物學博士Alecia Carter給狒狒們設(shè)定了一個涉及到新奇食品和很熟悉的放在盒子里的食品的學習任務(wù)?！痉治觥勘揪渲械默F(xiàn)在分詞短語Working with a group of baboons (狒狒) in the Namibian desert在句中做為狀語，因為動詞work與句子主語Dr. Alecia Carter構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。同時現(xiàn)在分詞短語involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden

57、in a box作為定語修飾前面的名詞learning tasks。2. This mismatch between collecting social information and using it shows that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things.【翻譯】這種收集信息和使用信息的錯位說明性格在動物的社會性學習方面起著關(guān)鍵的作

58、用，這是在關(guān)于動物如何學習的之前的研究中被忽略的問題?！痉治觥勘揪渲械膭釉~show后面含有一個that引導的賓語從句that personality plays a key role in social learning in animals, something that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things。這個賓語從句中something就指personality plays a key role in social learning in animals這一點。Something

59、后面是一個定語從句that has previously been ignored in studies on how animals learn to do things。修飾先行詞something。五（2014湖南卷）C The behaviour of a buildings users may be at least as important as its design when it comes to energy use, according to new research from the UK Energy Research Centre (UKERC). The UK pr

60、omises to reduce its carbon emissions (排放）by 80 percent by 2050, part of which will be achieved by all new homes being zero-carbon by 2016. But this report shows that sustainable building design on its own though extremely important- is not enough to achieve such reductions: the behaviour of the peo