1、關(guān)于高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法動(dòng)詞不定式和主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的用法第一張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月Grammar一 動(dòng)詞不定式 動(dòng)詞不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成，可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等,但不能作謂語(yǔ)。第二張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study

2、English. I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation. 主語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 定語(yǔ) 狀語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)第三張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作主語(yǔ)To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.當(dāng)今掌握一門外語(yǔ)真的很重要。2. 放棄吸煙是對(duì)的。第四張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作賓語(yǔ)Fred didnt have any money, so he decided to lo

3、ok for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1. Fred 沒有錢，所以他決定找一份工作。2. 他答應(yīng)不告述任何人這事。習(xí)慣用法第五張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月afford, agree, appear, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, guarantee, hate, help, hope, hurry, intend, learn, long, man

4、age, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish The following verbs are normally followed by the infinitive. Remember!第六張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 The following verbs are normally followed by v-ing. avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, endure, enjoy, escape, forgive

5、, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist, suggest, understand, cant helpRemember them!第七張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作表語(yǔ)My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1. 我的工作是教英語(yǔ)。2. 眼見為實(shí)。第八張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作定語(yǔ)Do you have anything to say?1. 你有什么要說的嗎?2. Betty是第一個(gè)知道這真相的人 Betty was the

6、first to know the truth第九張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月It seems that he has no pen _ . A. to write B. to write with C. writing D. writing with 注意如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞Eg. He is a pleasant person to work with.第十張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月不定式作定語(yǔ)，往往表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。I have a lot of work to do.The meeting to be held tomor

7、row is very important.注意第十一張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作狀語(yǔ)He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.They jumped with joy to hear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的狀語(yǔ).原因狀語(yǔ).結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)第十二張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月目的狀語(yǔ): 常用的結(jié)構(gòu)to do; in order to do, so as to do, so/ such as to do, etc.I come here to

8、say good-bye to you.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ): 常與only , enough 或too連用。He studied hard only to fail the exam.He is old enough to go to school.原因狀語(yǔ): 一般用在句尾Im glad to see you.She wept to see the sight.第十三張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月作賓補(bǔ)She asked me to stay there.1. 她叫我呆在這兒。2.請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我介紹Mr. White給你們。 Please allow me to introduce Mr. Whi

9、te to you.習(xí)慣用法第十四張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1) 帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。很多動(dòng)詞如: allow, order, force, permit, tell, want, wish, forbid, advise, persuade, warn等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式都帶to。 第十五張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月如: He didnt allow us to smoke in his house.他不允許我們?cè)谒募依镂鼰煛?) 不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)。使役動(dòng)詞make, have, let;感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, hear, l

10、isten to, notice等后面作賓補(bǔ)的不定式不帶to。如: He made a face and made everybody laugh. 他做了一個(gè)鬼臉, 逗得大家都笑了。第十六張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月 如果上述結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),不定式就由原來的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),此時(shí)第2類動(dòng)詞(let, have無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))后原來不帶to的不定式要加to。如:I saw him go upstairs. He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看見他上樓去了。Be careful!注意 :第十七張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2、不定式作定語(yǔ)

11、，放在被修飾詞后面，與前面被修飾的名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又在句子中與另一名詞或代詞有主謂關(guān)系，不定式要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)含義。 I have much work to do. （與work有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與I有主謂關(guān)系） Tom is looking for a room to live in. （與room有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與Tom 有主謂關(guān)系） He has a family to support. （與family有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，與he有主謂關(guān)系）第十八張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3、不定式修飾作表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的形容詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞 + 不定式； 動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞+不定式。

12、如果形容詞是表示難易、利弊等含義，如 difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 The question is difficult to answer. The work is easy to do. I found the car comfortable to ride in. That makes poetry difficult to write. 第十九張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài).被動(dòng)式( to be done / to have been d

13、one)1. He didnt like to be laughed at.2. He claimed _in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.being badly treated B.treating badlyC. to be treated badly D. to have been badly treated.當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)（被動(dòng)關(guān)系）.第二十張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式有兩種被動(dòng)式, 即一般式和完成式, 例如do的被動(dòng)式有to be done, to

14、 have been done。只有及物動(dòng)詞和相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)才有不定式的被動(dòng)式。一般說來, 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí), 該不定式要用被動(dòng)式。例如:He asked to be sent to work in that factory. 他要求派他去那個(gè)工廠工作。These books are not allowed to be taken out of the room. 這些書不許帶出室外。但在某些情況下, 不定式雖然表示被動(dòng)意思, 用的卻是主動(dòng)形式。常見的有下列幾種情況: 動(dòng)詞不定式被動(dòng)式第二十一張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)第二十二張

15、，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月一、在某些固定句型中, 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ), 用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。1）have（give, show）sth. to do在這種句型中的不定式與前邊的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系。例如: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. to do與things是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系, 與I是主謂關(guān)系。否則, 在表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí), 仍需要被動(dòng)式。試比較:Do you have anything to do this afternoon? 今天下午你有事要做嗎?（to do是由you發(fā)出的）I am goi

16、ng to your hometown . Have you anything to be taken to your parents? 你有要帶給你父母的東西嗎? （我替你帶，不是你帶）第二十三張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月再如: Please get me something to read. 請(qǐng)給我弄點(diǎn)讀的材料。Hell show you the right path to take. 他會(huì)給你指出要走的正確的路。 第二十四張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2）It（This, That）beaanadj. n. to do在這種句型中, 不定式與前面的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系

17、。動(dòng)詞不定式可改為動(dòng)詞不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。例如: This is a difficult question to answer. 這是個(gè)難答的問題。question與to answer為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。to answer可改為 for me to answer。再如:It is an easy sentence to translate. 這個(gè)句子很容易翻譯。 第二十五張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3）There be n. to do在此句型中, 用來修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式, 可用主動(dòng)式, 也可用被動(dòng)式, 只是側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同。用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ), 重點(diǎn)在人, 用被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ), 重點(diǎn)在物。例如:沒有時(shí)間可

18、以耽誤?？勺g成:There is no time to lose（to be lost）. 用 to lose可看成for us to lose; 用to be lost, 誰(shuí) lost time不明確。第二十六張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月但下述兩句用主動(dòng)不定式與被動(dòng)不定式意義不同:a. There is nothing to do now. （We have nothing to do now. ）現(xiàn)在沒事干。b. There is nothing to be done. （We can do nothing now. ）現(xiàn)在沒辦法了。a. There is nothing t

19、o see. （nothing worth seeing）沒有東西值得看。b. There is nothing to be seen. （nothing there at all）看不見什么東西。用主動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ), 重點(diǎn)在人, 用被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ), 重點(diǎn)在物。第二十七張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月二、在某些“形容詞不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)中, 不定式有被動(dòng)意義, 與句子主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。其句型有:1）n. beadj. to doThe question was very difficult to answer. 這問題很難回答。The job is very easy to do. 這工作很容

20、易做。2）n. betooadj. to doThe thing is too small to see. 這東西太小看不見。I was too excited to say a word. 我激動(dòng)得連一句話也說不出。第二十八張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3）n. be adj. enough to doThe box is light enough to carry. 這盒子輕得可帶走。The book is cheap enough to buy. 這本書很便宜可以買。但下列兩句可用不定式的主動(dòng)式, 也可用被動(dòng)式:This plant is fit to eat to be e

21、aten. 這種植物可以食用。The cake is ready to eat to be eaten. 這塊餅可以吃了。第二十九張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月三、某些動(dòng)詞, 如to let, to blame （責(zé)備）, to seek（尋找）用主動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)意義。例如:The house is to let. 這房子要出租。Who is to blame for it? 這得怪誰(shuí)?The reason is not far to seek. 這理由不難找到。 第三十張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)1. He seems to know this.2. I

22、 hope to see you next week. 一般式( to do ).不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作（狀態(tài)）與句子謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或之后發(fā)生。第三十一張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月.進(jìn)行式( to be doing)1.He pretended to be working when I came in.2. He seems to be thinking deeply,without noticing me passing him.表示謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作（情況）發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)第三十二張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6

23、月動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài).完成式（to have done)1. I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.2. You seemed to have read the novel written by Mr. Smith.不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前。第三十三張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月動(dòng)詞不定式的語(yǔ)態(tài).主動(dòng)式( to do / to be doing /to have done)1. We want to learn English well.2.Robert is said_abroad, but I didnt know w

24、hat country he studied in.to have studied B.to studyC. made D. to make當(dāng)不定式邏輯上的主語(yǔ)是不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí).第三十四張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意 A. 動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式只須在to 前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.否定副詞not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于to前My mother told me never to do i

25、t again.第三十五張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意B. 動(dòng)詞不定式之后可加疑問詞，通常做主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?第三十六張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月注意C. 作簡(jiǎn)短回答或避免不必要的重復(fù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式常常省去to 后面的動(dòng)詞，只保留to 。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike, but I asked her not t

26、o ( use my bike).B: Yes , Id love to ( come to your party).Mary想用我的自行車，但我叫她別用。第三十七張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月1. The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot . A. turning it off B. turn it off C.having turned it off D. to turn it off2. She cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake. A. to c

27、lean B. cleaning C. Cleaned D. being c leaned練習(xí)第三十八張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月3. Not everybody has the ability in public. A. of speak B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak4. Mary is always the first student to answer the teachers questions in class. A. rising B. to rise C. rose D. risen第三十九張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年

28、6月5. Mum ,why do you always ask me to eat an egg every day? -_ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting6.Would you be so kind as us out? -With pleasure. A. helping B. in helping C. help D. to help第四十張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月7 The patient was warned

29、 _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. We agreed _ here, but so far she hasnt turned out yet. A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met9. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning第四十一

30、張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月10. Wet umbrellas are not allowed into this hotel according to the rule.A. to be taken B. to take C. taken D. taking 11. Robert is said _ abroad, but I didnt know what country he studied in. A to have studied B to study C to be studying D to have been studying第四十二張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2

31、022年6月高考鏈接1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _. (2008全國(guó)I卷) A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathedB 第四十三張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月2. Did the book give the information you needed? Yes. But _ it, I had to read the entire book. (2008北京卷) A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding3. I feel greatly honored _ into their society. (2008北京卷) A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomedA C 第四十四張，PPT共四十九頁(yè)，創(chuàng)作于2022年6月4. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (2008湖南卷