1、TopicEightWeatherandNature天氣與自然話說中考隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展，社會(huì)和諧已提上日程，天氣與自然環(huán)境很快就成為人們關(guān)注的話題之一。此類話題多是說明文和議論文。這就要求我們了解說明文和議論文的特點(diǎn)，這樣才能對(duì)問題進(jìn)一步地分析和解讀，才能自覺地完成命題要求，取得高分。解題思路：把握該類話題的特征，對(duì)所給信息進(jìn)行歸納整合走進(jìn)中考（湖北襄樊2010）Earthquakeshappenwithoutwarning（前兆）.Theycanhappenanytimeofaday，atanypointduringtheyearWhenanearthquakeishappening，

2、youshouldknowwhatyoushoulddoornotdo.DoNOTgooutside.Youcouldgetinjuredfromfallingglassorpartsofbuildings.Ifyouareoutside，stayawayfrombuildingsandpowerlines輸電線）.Stayunderadesk，table，orotherstrongfurniture.Holdontoit.Orstayinacornerofthebuilding.Coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcoveryourmouthwithatow

3、elorclothing.Stayinsideuntilshakingstopsanditissafetogooutside.Keepawayfromwindows，picturesoradvertisementsonthewallorthebuilding，andanythingelsethatcouldfallandhurtyou.Mostpeoplegetinjuredbyfallingthingsduringanearthquake，notbytheshakingitself.Alsokeepawayfromafire.Youcouldfalldownandburnyourselfon

4、thefire.Ifyouaredrivingwhenanearthquakehappens，stopthecarifitssafe.Stayinsideyourcaruntiltheearthquakestops，anddontdrivenearbridges.TrynottostopbypowerlinesortreesThesecouldfallandhurtyou閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。()1ItisntsafeforyoutowhiletheearthquakeishappeningArunoutofthebuildingBstayinacornerofthebuildi

5、ngCcoveryourheadwithyourarmsDcoveryourmouthwithatowel()2Fromthispassage，weknowAmanypeoplefearearthquakesBearthquakesmaybehappenatanytimeCwecantsaveourselvesinanearthquakeDpeoplenevergetinjuredinearthquakes()3ThebesttitleforthispassageshouldbeAHowEarthquakesHappenBHowtoDriveaCarCWhatWeShouldDoinEarth

6、quakesDWhyEarthquakesHappen解析1ABCD三項(xiàng)在第三段可找到答案；根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知A項(xiàng)的做法是不安全的，故正確答案為A。2B根據(jù)第一段前兩句可知，地震可能隨時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生，故B項(xiàng)為正確答案。3C通過全文可知本文主要是在介紹發(fā)生地震時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該采取哪些措施才能使自己避免受傷，故正確答案為C。話題專練EarthquakesmayhappenanywhereontheearthWhensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly，anearthquakehappensManyearthquakesbeginundertheseaTheyoftenhappen

7、nearthemountains，tooDuringanearthquake，theshakingsmakerocksrisesuddenlyandevencrack(斷裂)open.Housesfall,peoplearekilledorhurt,andsometimesthewholevillagesorcitiesaredestroyedCanwedosomethingtokeepourselvessafefromearthquakes?Scientistshavestudiedearthquakesandmademapsthatshowtheearthquakebelts.Inarea

8、sinthesebelts,itspossibleforearthquakestohappen.Intheseareasweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes.Inthefuture,scientistswillbeabletotellwhenandwhereanearthquakewillbebeforetheyhappen.Theycanalsotellpeoplewhattodoandhowtodoit.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇最佳答案。()1.Thereasonforanearthquakeis.thattherearesoman

9、yplatesontheearththattheseaistoodeeprockscrackingopen()2.AheareaBnexttomountainsCatnight()3AmapshowingtheearthquakebeltswilltellpeopleAwhatkindofhousestobuildBwhatkindofhousescanstayupinanearthquakeCwhereearthquakemayhappen()4WhichisNotTrueaccordingtothepassage?ADurin

10、ganearthquakepeoplearekilledorhurtBThescientistscantellwhenandwhereanearthquakeisnowCweshouldbuildstronghousestofightagainstearthquakes()5Inthefuture，wellbenolongersoafraidofearthquakesAwiththehelpofscientistsexactpredictionBbecauseofamapshowingtheearthquakebeltsCbecausewecanguessthedateandplaceofea

11、rthquakes1.A根據(jù)文章第一段中“Whensomeplatesoftheearthmovesuddenly,anearthquakehappens.可知，地球是由許多板塊構(gòu)成的，板塊的移動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了地震，所以根源在板塊。2B根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，地震常發(fā)生在山脈附近。3C根據(jù)短文第三段內(nèi)容可知，地圖將告訴我們地震帶常發(fā)生地震。4B根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，專家預(yù)測(cè)將來能判定地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，而不是現(xiàn)在。5A根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可以推測(cè)出專家能預(yù)測(cè)地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)，所以我們不必?fù)?dān)心將來發(fā)生地震。Haveyoueverseenagreenhouse?Mostgreenhouseslo

12、oklikeasmallglasshouseGreenhousesareusedtogrowplants，especiallyinwinterGreenhousesworkbytrappingheatfromthesun,theglasspanels（板）ofthegreenhouseletlightin,butkeepheatfromescapingThiscausesthegreenhousetoheatup，muchliketheinsideoftheparkedinsunlight，andkeepstheplantswarmenoughtoliveinwinterTheearthsat

13、mosphere（大氣）isallaroundus.ItistheairthatwebreatheGreenhousegasesintheatmospherebehavemuchliketheglasspanelsinagreenhouse.SunlightenterstheEarthsatmosphere，passingthroughtheblanketofgreenhousegases.AsitreachestheEarthssurface，land，water，andbiosphere（生物圈）,theytakeupthesunlightsenergy.Oncetheheatistake

14、nup,thisenergyissentbackintotheatmosphere.Someoftheenergypassesbackintospace，butmuchofitremainstrappedintheatmospherebythegreenhousegase，scausingourworldtoheatup.Thegreenhouseeffectisimportant.Withoutthegreenhouseeffect，theEarthwouldnotbewarmenoughforhumanstolive.Butifthegreenhouseeffectbecomesstron

15、ger，itcouldmaketheearthwarmerthanusual.Evenalittleextrawarmingmaybringproblemstohumans，plants，andanimals.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。1Whataregreenhousesusedfor?2Whyisthetemperatureinthegreenhousehigherthanthatoutside?3Whatbehavesmuchliketheglasspanelsinagreenhouse?4Ifwedidnthavethegreenhouseeffect，whatwouldhappen

16、?5Whatdoesthearticlemainlytellus?1.Theyareusedforgrowingplants.答案來自第二段的第一句。2根據(jù)短文第二段中溫室效應(yīng)的工作原理可知，答案是Becausetheglasspanelsofthegreenhousecanletlightin，andkeepheatfromescaping.3根據(jù)短文第三段的“muchofitremainstrappedintheatmospherebythegreenhousegases可知溫室塑料板的作用像空中大氣層的作用即答案是Greenhousegasesintheatmosphere.根據(jù)最后一段

17、內(nèi)容可知，如果沒有大氣層的溫室效應(yīng)，人類就不能生存，即答案為Humanscouldntlivebecausetheearthwouldnotbewarmenough.根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知，主要是溫室效應(yīng)及對(duì)人類的影響，所以答案為Itmainlytellsuswhatthegreenhouseeffectisanditsinfluence.NoonecanchangetheweatherButifreadthesignscorrectlyaroundus，wecanknowhowtheweatherwillbeThiswayoftellingwhattheweatherwillbelikeonthe

18、followingdayortwoiscalledweatherforecastingFormanycenturiesandinallcountries，peoplehavestudiedtheweatherandtriedtomakeweatherforecastingRingsaroundthesunareasignofcomingrainManypeoplefeelintheirbonesthecomingofwetweather.Theirjoints(關(guān)節(jié))ache.Somebirdsflyhighifthefineweatheriscoming，buttheyflyneargrou

19、ndifrainyorstormyweatherisontheway.Itisprobablybecauseoftheinsectswhichtheyarehuntingflylow.Ifyouseearainbowduringrainyweather，thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclearandfine.Suchrainbowscomeintheevening.Ifthestarstwinkleclearlyatnight，thenfineweatherwillcontinue.Ifafogappearsintheeveningjustabovear

20、iver，thenthedaywillbewarm.Ifthesunsetismostlyredincolor，thenthemorning，rainyweatherwillprobablycome.Mostoftheabovesayingshavebeenmadebythepeoplewhohaveusedtheireyesandbrainstomakeweatherforecasting.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.Peoplesjointsache.isasignofcomingrainbecausetheyareillwithoutanyreasonbecauseofthein

21、sects()2Whichistrueaboutweatherforecasting?AWeatherforecastingisareportabouttheweatheronthefollowingdayortwoBWeatherforecastingisawayoftellingwhattheweatherwillbelikeCPeoplecanchangetheweatherforecastingDWeatherforecastingisasignofcomingrain()3Thebirdsflyhighandthestarstwinkleclearlyisasignthatthewe

22、atherwillAberainyBbewarmCcontinueclearandfineDbecold()4ArainbowduringrainyweatherisaofthefineweatherAsignBwayCmethodDroad()5WemusttomakeweatherforecastingAuseoureyesandbrainsBstudytheweatherhardCreadtheweatherhardDalloftheabove1A根據(jù)短文Manypeoplefeelintheirbonesthecomingofwetweather可知，人們的一些關(guān)節(jié)疼痛是雨天來臨的標(biāo)志

23、。2B根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知，天氣預(yù)報(bào)是對(duì)未來幾天的預(yù)測(cè)；不是對(duì)天氣的報(bào)道，也不是雨天的標(biāo)志，即排除A、D；根據(jù)短文第一句可知人們更不能改變天氣”排除C,所以答案是B。3C根據(jù)短文中Somebirdsflyhighifthefineweatheriscoming，和Ifthestarstwinkleclearlyatnight，thenfineweatherwillcontinue.可知，鳥兒飛的高和夜晚星光燦爛是天氣晴朗、溫度適宜的象征。A根據(jù)短文中Ifyouseearainbowduringrainyweather，thisisasignthattheweatherwillbecomeclear

24、andfine.可知，雨后彩虹是天氣晴朗的標(biāo)志。D從整篇文章來看，對(duì)天氣的了解不僅靠人們的眼睛和大腦，還要繼續(xù)多觀察和研究，所以選D。四Greenismorethanjustacolor.Italsomeanstakingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironmentthewater，theland，andtheairwebreathe.Whatcanyoudo?Heresoneoftheguidestobeinggreen：Sometimespeoplecalloursocietyathrowawaysociety.Thatmeansthatwerealittlewi

25、llingtothrowawayoldthingsandbuynewthing.sManytimes，evenifyounolongerneedsomething，someoneelsejustmight.Forexample，ifyourbabybrotherdoesntwanthisplasticbasketballhoop（籃筐）,whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid?Herearesomeotherwaystoreusethethingsyouhave：Userechargeable（可再充電的）batteriesforyourlapt

26、ops,MP3players,cellphones，anddigitalcameras.Choosereusabletravelcupsinsteadofdisposable（次性的）paperorplasticcupsTakeyourownbagswhenyougotothegrocerystoreDrinktapwaterinsteadofbuyingbottledwaterIfyoudontlikehowyourtapwatertastes,alow-costfiltration（過濾）systemcouldmakeadifferenee.Getareusablewaterbottles

27、oyoucantakeitwithyouOrganizeanexchangeamongyourfriends.Whatcanyouexchange?Books，toys，evenclothes.Itsawayforeveryonetogetsomethingnewwithoutspendinganymoneyandwithoutthrowinglotsofthingsaway.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，完成句子。TOC o 1-5 h z1.Greenisnotonlyacolorbutalsomeans.2.Ifyourbrotherdoesntwanthisplasticbasketballhoop，

28、youcan.Youshouldinsteadofdisposablepaperorplasticcups.Youcanexchangewithyourfriends.Thearticlemainlytellsus.1.根據(jù)短文第段內(nèi)容可知，綠色不僅是種顏色，還是環(huán)保的種標(biāo)志，即答案為takingspecialstepstoprotecttheenvironment。2根據(jù)短文中ifyourbabybrotherdoesntwanthisplasticbasketballhoopE筐）,whynotgiveittoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid?可知，不用的塑料筐可

29、以送給別的小孩子，即答案為giveiftoanotherfamilywhohasalittlekid。3.根據(jù)短文中第二條建議可知，我們可以用個(gè)人專用杯來代替次性杯子或塑料杯，即答案是choosereusabletravelcups。4根據(jù)短文最后一段內(nèi)容可知，可交換的東西有books，toys，andclothes。5通讀全文可知，這篇文章主要告訴我們，生活中如何環(huán)保，所以答案是howtoprotectourenvironmentinourlives。五TherearesomeeasythingsyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentandtheearthChoose

30、ideasfromthelistorcomeupwithafewofyourownPlantflowers，grassortreesWheneveryouvisitaparkorabeach，takeawaywhatyoubringthereandkeeprubbishinabaguntilyoucanputitintoadustbinTurnoffthelights，TVsetswhenyouleavearoomThissavesalotofelectricityTurnoffthetapwhenyoubrushyourteethYoucansavesomewaterbynotletting

31、itrunAlso，useaglassorcupinsteadofapaperonebecausethissavespaperKeepthedoorsandwindowsclosedinwintertokeepwarmairinGiveyouroldbooksandmagazinestoalibraryinsteadofthrowingthemawayGiveyourclothestopoorchildreninsteadofthrowingthemawayUsebothsidesofpaperStoppouringdirtywaterintotheriversorlakesnearbyEnc

32、ourageallyourfriendstodothesamethingsyoudotohelpprotecttheearthIfeveryonemakescontributiontoprotecttheenvironment，theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1Fromtheabove，weknowthatthepassageisAanadB.aproposal(建議)CasignD.anotice()2.Thewritermainlytellsus.topourdirtywaterintotheriverstothrowr

33、ubbishintoadustbintosavewaterbyturningonthetapwhilebrushingourteeththatwecantdoallthesethingseveryday()3.Wecantosavepaper.usebothsidesofpaperpickupwastepaperatschooluseapapercupgiveoldtoystopoorchildren()4.WhichofthefollowingisWRONGaccordingtothewriter?A.Turnoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom.B.Closethed

34、oorsandwindowsinwinter.CUseapapercupwhenyoubrushyourteethDGiveyouroldclothestothepoorchildren()5ThetitleofthispassageisASaveWaterandElectricityBProtecttheEarthCMakeBetterUseofOldThings答案：1B2B3A4C5BDSaveMoney根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可知這是一則倡議書。由“.youcanputitintoadustbin可知答案。由第八條建議可知答案是usebothsidesofpaper。由第四條建議useaglass

35、orcupinsteadofapaperone可知，答案是C。根據(jù)短文大意可知是談?wù)摫Ｗo(hù)地球。六Howmanyplasticbagsdoyouuseeveryday?Isthereanychanceforustolivewithoutthem?Whatcanwedotohavelessplasticpollution?AperformanceinHangzhoumakespeoplethinkmoreabouttheoveruseofplasticbagsinourlivesInfrontofasupermarketinHangzhou，fivevolunteersworewhiteplast

36、icbagsandwalkedaroundandthroughthecrowdTheperformancecalledonpeopletousemoreclothbagsinsteadofplasticonesSomeoftheplasticbagswornbytheperformerswerecollectedfromcustomers(顧客)intwofoodmarketsandtheotherswerecollectedby700studentsfromasecondaryschoolOnthatday，whenleavingthefoodmarkets，customersweretol

37、dtohandoverunnecessaryplasticshoppingbagsSeveralhundredplasticbagswerecollectedintwohoursIfwedonothingaboutit，theearthwillbeeatenupbywhitepollutionAndhumanswillbecomeplasticmen，saidoneoftheperformersHowcanyoubreatheinsomanyplasticbags?Amiddle-agedwomanaskedoneperformerHowcantheearthbreatheifthereare

38、toomanyplasticbags?theperformeransweredStartingfromJunelastyear，plasticbagswerenolongergivenforfreeinsupermarkets，shoppingmallsorfoodmarketsalloverthecountryPeoplearecalledontouseclothbagswhentheygoshopping根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1SinceJunelastyearpeopleshouldplasticbagsalloverthecountryApayforBgetCuseasman

39、yasDstopusing()2AperformancetookplaceinAasupermarketBaplasticbagshopCHangzhouDaschool()3Whydidtheperformerswearwhiteplasticbagsandwalkaround?TheywantedAtoaskpeopletooveruseplasticsBtoinvitepeopletogotothesupermarketCtogivepeoplemorebagsDtopersuadepeoplenottouseplasticbags()4Ifwedontdosomethingagains

40、tthepollution，humansAwillbepollutedBwillbecomeplasticmenCwontbecomfortableDwillbeplasticones()5ThemainideaofthispassageisaboutpollutionAwhiteBairCwaterDlight1A文章中講到自2008年6月1日起，為減少白色污染的泛濫而有償使用塑料袋，而不是禁止使用。2.C根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“AperformaneeinHangzhoumakespeoplethinkmoreabouttheoveruseofplasticbagsinourlives”可

41、知，這個(gè)演出活動(dòng)在杭州舉行。D根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句可知他們的目的是號(hào)召人們用布袋代替塑料袋。B根據(jù)笫五段主要介紹如果我們?nèi)祟愒俨蛔鲂┦虑橹浦拱咨廴荆敲吹厍蛴幸惶鞎?huì)被白色污染所吞噬，那么地球人也會(huì)被污染成plasticmen。5A由短文內(nèi)容可知文章主旨是有關(guān)白色污染的。七Whatwouldyoudoifyouwerethemayor市長）ofyourcity?WeaskedsomestudentsfromdifferentcitiesHerearewhattheysaid：DengChuan，15，fromDazhouWiththedevelopmentofmodernindustry工業(yè)

42、）,moreandmorewastewaterisbeingpouredintotheZhouheRiverIthascausedseriouspollutionTheriverisbecomingsodirtythatfewlivingthingscanliveinitSo，ifIwerethemayor，Iwouldorderallthefactoriesthatpourthewastewaterintotherivertoclosedown.Asweallknow,wateristhesource根源）ofourlives.ltisveryimportanttoprotectwaterZ

43、hangYan,14,fromChengduOurcityismoreandmorebeautiful.Butsometimesitsnotconvenientfortheblind.Therearenotenoughpavements（人行道）inourcity.Someoftheoldonesarebroken.Theymaynotbesafetowalkon!IfIwerethemayorofourcity,Iwouldbuildmorepavementsfortheblind.WangLili,16,fromChongqingTherearemoreandmoreoldpeoplein

44、ourcity.Andtherearenotenoughplacesforthemtorelaxandenjoythemselves.So,ifIwerethemayor,Iwouldbuildanactivitycenterineachresidential（住宅）areafortheold.SooldpeoplecanplaycardsorchessThiswillmakeoldpeoplenotfeellonelyanymoreandspendremainingyearscomfortably根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1WhatdoesDengChuancarefor?Awater

45、pollutionBAirpollutionCPavementsfortheblindDActivitycentersfortheold()2Whostheyoungestofthethreestudents?ADengChuanBZhangYanCWangLiliDIdontknow()3WhatdoestheunderlinedwordconvenientmeaninChinese?方便的B.簡單的C.便宜的D.具有吸引力的()4WhereisWangLilifrom?Dazhou.B.Chengdu.C.Chongqing.D.Zhouhe.()5.Whichofthefollowing

46、isFALSE?ItsveryimportantforDazhoutoprotectwater.ThereareenoughpavementsfortheblindinChengdu.TherearentenoughplacesfortheoldpeopletorelaxandenjoythemselvesinChongqing.DSomeoftheoldpavementsinChengduarebroken.A根據(jù)短文中第一學(xué)生的答語可知，moreandmorewastewaterisbeingpouredintotheZhouheRiver.lthascausedseriouspollut

47、ion.確定答案是A。.B根據(jù)三個(gè)同學(xué)的簡介可知，ZhangYan年齡最小。A根據(jù)上下句的關(guān)系可知，是對(duì)盲人不方便。C根據(jù)最后那名學(xué)生的介紹可知，她來自重慶。5.B從ZhangYan的介紹中的第三句Therearenotenoughpavements人行道）inourcity可知，B項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的。八Differentweathermakespeoplefeeldifferent.Itinfluenceshealth，intelligenee（智力）andfeelings.InAugust,itisveryhotandwetinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Pe

48、opletherehavehearttroubleandotherkindsofhealthproblemsduringthismonth.Inthenortheastandthemiddlewest，itisveryhotsometimesandverycoldsometimes.PeopleinthesestateshavemorehearttroubleaftertheweatherchangesinFebruaryorMarch.Theweathercanalsoinfluenceintelligence.Forexample，ina1983studybyscientistsshowe

49、dthattheIQofagroupofstudentswasveryhighwhenaverystrongwindcame，butafterthestrongwind，theirIQwas10%lower.Thewindcanhelppeoplehavemoreintelligence.Veryhotweather，ontheotherhand，canmakeitlower.StudentsinmanyschoolsoftheUnitedStatesoftendoworseonexamsinthehotmonthsoftheyear（JulyandAugust）.Weatheralsohas

50、astronginfluenceonpeoplesfeelingsWintermaybeabadtimeforthinpeopleTheyusuallyfeelcoldthesemonthsTheymightfeelunhappyduringcoldweatherButfatpeoplemayhaveahardtimeinhotsummerAtabout18C,peoplebecomestronger.Lowairpressure(氣壓)maymakepeopleforgetful.Peopleleavemorebagsonbusesandinshopsonlow-pressuredays.T

51、hereisgoodweatherforworkandhealth.Peoplefeelbestatatemperatureofabout18C.Areyoufeelingsad，tired，forgetful，orunhappytoday?Itmaybetheweathersfault.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，選擇最佳答案。()1.canhaveabadeffectonhealth.HotandwetweatherGoodweatherWarmweatherHighintelligence()2.Peoplemayhavemoreintelligencewhencomes.arainveryhotwe

52、atherawindlowairpressure()3.Lowairpressuremaymakepeople.A.forgetfulB.sadC.angryD.tired()4.1ngoodweatherof18C,.Apeopleareveryforgetfulpeoplecantdotheirworkwellthinpeoplefeelcoldpeopleareinbetterhealth()5.Thearticlemainlytellsusthatweatherinfluencespeopleshealthweatherinfluencespeoplesintelligenceweatherinfluencespeoplesfeelingsalloftheabove.A根據(jù)短文第一段內(nèi)容可知，天氣過于熱和濕潤對(duì)人體健康都有危害。C根據(jù)短文中第二段內(nèi)容中Thewindcanhelppeopl