1、專題一第七講名詞性從句定語從句把握考情特點鎖定高考考點突破重點難點演練命題熱點鎖定高考考點突破重點難點演練命題熱點2012年新課標(biāo)11套高考試題考點統(tǒng)計與分析考 點 分 布數(shù)量命 題 分 析定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法51.兩類從句的考查以引導(dǎo)詞選用為 考查重點2.關(guān)系詞及介詞關(guān)系代詞的選擇 為定語從句的考查重點3.連接代詞的選擇及whether與if的 選用是名詞性從句考查的重點4.考查多種從句的混雜使用，設(shè)問 的角度越來越多樣化關(guān)系副詞的用法2介詞關(guān)系代詞3as 與which的用法3分隔式定語從句2名詞性從句主語從句5表語從句0賓語從句4同位語從句2考點一關(guān)系代詞的用法1(2012江蘇高考)Af

2、ter the flooding, people were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.AwhichBwhoCwhere Dwhat解析：選 。考查定語從句。分析句子成分可知，“_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive”是定語從句，修飾先行詞people，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，故用關(guān)系代詞who。B2(2011山東高考)The old town has narrow

3、streets and small houses_are built close to each other.Athey BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。關(guān)系代詞that指代先行詞small houses，在從句中作主語。句意：這座古老的城鎮(zhèn)街道狹窄，小房子挨得很近。D3(2010全國卷)As a child, Jack studied in a village school, _ is named after his grandfather.Awhich BwhereCwhat Dthat解析：選 。考查定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語從句在逗號之后，可判斷為非限制性

4、定語從句。先行詞a village school在定語從句中作主語，因此用關(guān)系代詞which，故選A。A考點二關(guān)系副詞的用法4(2012重慶高考)Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales.Awhich BthatCwhen Dwhere解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句的關(guān)系詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句。position是先行詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故用關(guān)系副詞where。D5(2011江蘇高考)Between the two parts of the conce

5、rt is an interval, _the audience can buy icecream. Awhen BwhereCthat Dwhich解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。本題中interval是先行詞，意思是“休息時間”，表示時間，在定語從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語，因此選擇關(guān)系副詞when。A6(2010福建高考)Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. Athat BwhereCwhich Dwhose解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句

6、。先行詞是the only planet，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，故用where引導(dǎo)。B考點三“介詞關(guān)系代詞”的用法7(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which 解析： 選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：心靈的呵護(hù)是一個漸進(jìn)的過程，在這一過程中，即使是生活中細(xì)小的細(xì)節(jié)也應(yīng)該考慮在內(nèi)。“_ even the small details of life should be cons

7、idered”是定語從句部分，該部分主干完整，所以選關(guān)系副詞；先行詞是process，表抽象地點，所以選in which，相當(dāng)于where。D8(2011江西高考)She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _had taken more than three years.Afor which Bwith whichCof which Dto which解析：選 。句意：她帶著游客參觀這座博物館花了三年多才建成的建筑。 the construction of(的建筑)，which指代 the museum。 C9(20

8、10上海高考)Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. Aon which Bby whichCto which Dfrom which解析：選 。考查定語從句。句意：風(fēng)力是很古老的一種能源，不久的將來我們也許會再利用它。return to“重新利用”，屬固定搭配，故C項符合。C考點四as 與which的用法10(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning, _ has been discovered, is happening in the first

9、 year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas BitCwhich Dthis解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：正如發(fā)現(xiàn)的那樣，大量的語言學(xué)習(xí)是在出生后的第一年發(fā)生的，所以父母應(yīng)當(dāng)在那一時期多和孩子說話。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“_ has been discovered”為非限制性定語從句，且位于先行詞所指的“A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life”整個句子之間，故用as。 A11(2011

10、上海高考)Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family.Awhich BwhereCwhen Das解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。句意：在公共汽車站你會發(fā)現(xiàn)有出租車在那里等，你可以租(一輛)去主人家里。空格處引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾先行詞taxis，關(guān)系詞在從句中作hire的賓語，應(yīng)用which，故選A。A12(2010四川高考)After graduating from college, I took some time off to go travelling, _ turned

11、 out to be a wise decision.Athat BwhichCwhen Dwhere解析：選 ?？疾榉窍拗菩远ㄕZ從句。在此，which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面句子的內(nèi)容。句意：大學(xué)畢業(yè)后我抽出一部分時間去旅游，事實證明這是一個明智的選擇。B考點五分隔式/分離式/干擾式定語從句13(2012浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _， for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society.Awhich BwhoCwhere Dwhom 解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。

12、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，定語從句的先行詞是a painter，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語，應(yīng)該用關(guān)系代詞who。B14(2011天津高考)The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.Awhen BthatCwhere Dwhich解析：選 。考查定語從句。句意：體力是謀生所需的一切的日子已消逝了。根據(jù)句意可知此處是when引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞the days，且when在從句中作時間狀語，故選A項。A15(2010湖南高考)Ive become good friends with severa

13、l of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.Awho BwhereCwhen Dwhich解析：選 ?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。根據(jù)語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞students。A1定語從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇應(yīng)該遵循“缺什么，補什么”的原則。2對于“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，要熟記介詞的選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。3point, situation, case，stage, occasion等在定語從句中作為先行詞時，要正確判斷其后是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞。如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語

14、，則用where或when，否則用that或which。我們可以采用補全法，即根據(jù)句意把從句補充完整，補上去的部分在從句中所作的成分就是引導(dǎo)詞在從句中所作的成分。4as引導(dǎo)的定語從句通常有比較固定的句式和標(biāo)志，熟悉其特點，就很容易識別這種定語從句。5分隔式定語從句的干擾性最強，解決這類題目的關(guān)鍵是把分隔部分去掉，并能夠正確查找先行詞。一、關(guān)系代詞that與which的用法辨析1that用于下列情況：(1)先行詞是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代詞；(2)先行詞被all, any, every

15、, no, little, much, some等詞修飾；(3)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞；(4)先行詞被the only, the very (正是、恰是), the last修飾；(5)先行詞中既有人也有物；(6)在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句；(7)先行詞是the way，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時，關(guān)系代詞用that/in which或省略關(guān)系詞。He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他談到了他在那個國家所見到的人和所參觀的地方。2

16、which用于下列情況：(1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；(2)關(guān)系代詞充當(dāng)介詞的賓語，且介詞位于關(guān)系代詞之前；(3)先行詞本身是that時；(4)引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。(2012全國卷)That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.那天晚上我工作到很晚，隨后我會告訴你更多相關(guān)的情況。二、“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中關(guān)系代詞的選用。若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞之前，關(guān)系代詞指人時常用whom，指物時常用which。另外，whos

17、e也可以放在介詞后，即“介詞whose名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，whose指人、物皆可。(2012天津高考)I wish to thank Professor Smith, without whose help I would never have got this far.我希望感謝史密斯教授，沒有他的幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會走這么遠(yuǎn)。2考查該結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用。(1)一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：先行詞的意義；從句中的動詞的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”介詞常用of。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neith

18、er, many, most, each等代詞或數(shù)詞的前/后可以用of which/whom。the比較級或最高級前后用of which /whom等。(2012山東高考)Maria has written two novels, both of which have been made into television series.瑪麗亞已經(jīng)寫了兩部小說，它們都被拍攝成電視連續(xù)劇了。關(guān)鍵一點(1)from where 為“介詞關(guān)系副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town.我

19、們站在山頂上能看到全鎮(zhèn)的景色。(2)像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定動詞短語，在定語從句中不能將介詞與動詞分開。三、as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1一般情況下，as所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可，而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句則只能放在主句之后。2當(dāng)非限制性定語從句的謂語為be announced, be expected, be known, be reported, be said，be shown等被動式謂語時，常用as引導(dǎo)。(2012福

20、建高考)The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質(zhì)量已有所改善。3as表示整個主句內(nèi)容時，有時含有“正如；正像”等意思，而which無此意。4在下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞as代表整個主句所述的內(nèi)容，一般不用which。as we know眾所周知as has been said before 如前所述as is often the case 情況常常如此四、定語從句與其他從句的區(qū)別1考查非限制性定語從

21、句與并列句的區(qū)別。區(qū)分辦法主要看前后句之間是否有and, but等并列連詞或分號等的存在。若有，則為并列句；如果只有逗號，且逗號后的內(nèi)容是對前面某一名詞的補充說明，則為非限制性定語從句。(2012四川高考)In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses.(定語從句)In our class there are 46 students, and half of them wear glasses.(并列句)2考查主語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別。重點考查it, what和as的選用。常見的考查結(jié)構(gòu)：(1)“It be d

22、one (如：said/suggested等)that從句(that從句是主語從句，it是形式主語)”意為“據(jù)/人們(說/建議等)”。(2)“What be done (如：said/suggested等) is that從句(that從句是表語從句，what引導(dǎo)主語從句)”意為“所(說/建議等)的是”。(3)“As be done (如：said/suggested等)，主句(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)”意為“正如所(說/建議等)的那樣，”。It is required in the regulations that you should not tell other people the

23、password of your email account. (主語從句)What is required in the regulations is that you should not tell other people the password of your email account. (主語、表語從句)As is required in the regulations, you should not tell other people the password of your email account.(定語從句)3考查某一名詞或代詞后引導(dǎo)定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別。是定語

24、從句時，該名詞或代詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分；如果后面句子只是說明前面該名詞或代詞所處的位置，該名詞或代詞又在從句中不充當(dāng)成分時，應(yīng)該是地點狀語從句。4考查the same, such, so引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)別。the same, such, so可以與as或that搭配。as引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，前面名詞或代詞要在從句中充當(dāng)成分；而that引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。It is so breathtaking a park that everyone wants to visit it. (結(jié)果狀語從句)It is so breathtaking a park as ever

25、yone wants to visit.(定語從句)點擊下圖進(jìn)入：演練命題熱點考點一主語從句1(2012安徽高考)The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_ he reaches these limits will depend on his environment.AwhereBwhetherCthat Dwhy解析：選 ?？疾橹髡Z從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：一個人的智力極限，通常來說，出生時就已經(jīng)定型了，但他是否能夠達(dá)到這些極限則取決于他的生活環(huán)境。根據(jù)“depend on”可

26、知，主語從句“ _ he reaches these limits”中含有不確定因素，故用whether，選B。 B2(2011北京高考)_Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.AWhich BWhatCThat DWhom解析：選 ?？疾槊~性從句。由句中的is 可知空格處為主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，且該引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作offer 的賓語，故可排除C項；which“哪一個”；whom“誰”。故只有B項正確。 B3(2010浙江高考)It is uncertain _ side effect the medicine wil

27、l bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.Athat BwhatChow Dwhether解析：選 ?？疾槊~性從句。此處是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，指代it的具體內(nèi)容，it是形式主語，所以這里選B項。B考點二表語從句4(2011山東高考)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is_he never finishes anything.Athat BwhenCwhere Dwhy解析：選 。考查表語從句。很顯然，前文所說的(他是一個空談家而不是一

28、個實干家)是下文(他一事無成)的原因，由此可知應(yīng)該選why。D5(2010北京高考)Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.Awhat BthatCwhy Dwhether解析：選 ?？疾槊~性從句。考查句型“The reason.is that.”。that引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中不作句子成分。B考點三賓語從句6(2012福建高考)We promise _ attends the p

29、arty a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.Awho BwhomCwhoever Dwhomever解析： 選 ?？疾橘e語從句。句意：我們承諾給參加聚會的人一個同電影明星照相的機會。引導(dǎo)詞在賓語從句中作主語，故排除B、D兩項。whoever 相當(dāng)于anyone who，強調(diào)任何一個人，故選C。C7(2011山東高考)Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_shell accept it.Awhere BwhatCwhether Dwhich解析：選 ?？疾橘e語從句。句意：我們已經(jīng)給她

30、提供了一份工作，但是不知道她是否接受。whether意為“是否”，符合語境。C8(2010北京高考)I want to be liked and loved for _ I am inside.Awho BwhereCwhat Dhow解析：選 。考查賓語從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：我想以我的內(nèi)在品質(zhì)而被人喜歡和愛?？崭窈蟮囊馑际恰八膬?nèi)在品質(zhì)”。what引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞for的賓語，what在從句中作表語。C考點四同位語從句9(2012重慶高考)Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping pro

31、blems are likely to continue when they grow up.Awhy BhowCwhether Dthat解析：選 。考查同位語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格后面的部分是解釋說明evidence的內(nèi)容的，是evidence的同位語從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作任何成分，故選that。D10(2011遼寧高考)When the news came _ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.Asince BwhichCthat Dbecause解析：選 ?？疾橥徽Z從句。句意：當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)的消息傳來時，他決定去

32、部隊服役。此處的“the war broke out”解釋說明the news 的具體內(nèi)容，且引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不作成分，故用that引導(dǎo)同位語從句。C1名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的判斷與選擇是考生的易錯點，要掌握每個引導(dǎo)詞的基本用法及其在從句中的作用。2同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別要從以下兩個方面來備考：(1)抓住同位語從句的特征：用于同位語從句的名詞通常有hope, fact, truth, belief, news, idea等抽象名詞。(2)that在同位語從句中不作任何語法成分；在定語從句中作主語或賓語。一、名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞that與what的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)詞句法功能省略情況that不作任何句子成分引

33、導(dǎo)賓語從句有時可以省略what主語、賓語、表語、定語不能省略(2012全國卷)It is by no means clear what the president can do to end the strike.總統(tǒng)會采取什么措施來結(jié)束這次罷工還不清楚。二、whether與if的區(qū)別 只能用whether, 不能用if的情況：(1)在主語從句、表語從句、介詞之后的賓語從句及同位語從句中；(2)后面直接跟動詞不定式；(3)與or not連用；(4)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時。(2012湖南高考)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter whether you have lived there for a short or a long time.(此句為主語從句，故只能使用whether)村子里的每個人都很友好。無論你在那里住多久都沒關(guān)系。三、“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句與“no matter疑問詞”引導(dǎo)的狀語從句的區(qū)別1“疑問詞ever”可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當(dāng)一定的成分。2“疑問詞ever”還可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。3“no matter疑問詞”只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。(2012