1、第 PAGE16 頁 共 NUMPAGES16 頁高二英語必修五會考知識點整理高二英語必修五會考知識點整理1一、過去分詞過去分詞兼有動詞、副詞和形容詞的特征，可以帶賓語或受狀語修飾。過去分詞和賓語或狀語一起構成過去分詞短語。它在句中可以作定語、表語、賓語補足語或狀語。這節(jié)課講解作定語、表語的用法。1. 作定語作定語的過去分詞假如是單詞，一般放在被修飾詞的前面;過去分詞短語作定語，一般放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground.This is a book written by a worker.2. 作表語過去分詞作表語,多表

2、示主語所處的狀態(tài)。I was pleased at the news.The door remained locked.過去分詞作表語，相當于形容詞，常見的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。過去分詞作表語時，應注意與被動構造的區(qū)別。系表構造說明主語的狀態(tài)或具有的性質、特點;被動構造強調(diào)謂語動作。The small village is surrounded by trees.(狀態(tài))The small villag

3、e was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(動作)Im interested in chess.(狀態(tài))3. 過去分詞做狀語表時間，相當于一個時間狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可加連詞 when 或 while 來強調(diào)時間概念。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.表原因，相當于一個原因狀語從句。Exhausted,

4、 the children fell asleep at once.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.表條件，相當于一個條件狀語從句，有時過去分詞前可用 if 等詞Heated, water changes into steam.Given another chance, he will do better.表讓步，相當于一個though/although引導的讓步狀語從句。Laughed at by many people, he continued h

5、is study.表伴隨，說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.倒裝句：一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用 be, e, go, lie, run。There goes the bell. 鈴聲響了。Then came the chairman. _來了。Here is your letter. 你的

6、信。二、否認詞置于句首，句子應進展倒裝。 neither 放句首Tod cant swim, neither can I. 托德不會游泳，我也不會。用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等詞開頭的句子。Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。Little did he know who the woman was.他根本上不知道那女人是誰。Seldom was he late for clas

7、s.他很少上學遲到。用于 no sooner . than ., hardly. when. 和 not until. 的句型中Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我剛到車站,火車就分開了。No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她剛分開, 就響了。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到教師來，他才完成作業(yè)。三、用于 only 放句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句的句子。Only in thi

8、s way can you master English well. 只有這種方法，你才能學好英語。Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪個時間，他才做作業(yè)。Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.省略句：一、省略的目的省略多見于非正式文體，尤其在對話中，省略是一種普遍的現(xiàn)象。英語中的省略一般說來有三個目的：1.防止重復，減少負擔。省略的主要目的是防止重復，去掉不必要的負擔和繁瑣。Mike said that he would e to school to see me th

9、e next day, but he didnt e to school to see me the next day.Mike said that he would e to school to see me the next day, but he didnt.(省掉最后九個詞，句子簡潔了許多)2.連接嚴密，構造緊湊 省略也是使上下文嚴密連接的一種修辭手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子構造顯得比擬緊湊)3.強調(diào)重點，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truth speaks

10、 too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略謂語 speaks，突出了 too loud)二、句子成分的省略為了防止重復，或者為了使某一內(nèi)容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不變。1.省略主語Beg your pardon.請你原諒。(= I beg your pardon.)Serves you right. 你活該(= It serves you right.)2.省略謂語Anything the matter? 要緊嗎?(= Is anything the matter?)The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深

11、，冰很薄。(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)3.省略表語Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表語 ready)4.省略賓語We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了賓語 problems)Lets do the dishes. Ill wash and youll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了賓語 dishes)5.省略定語He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the re

12、st 后面省略了定語 of the money)6.省略狀語(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.省略在句子中的應用在一個句子中，省略可分為依賴上下文省略和不依賴上下文省略兩種。前者省略的局部可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。1.簡單句中的省略依賴上下文的省略在對話中最為常用。Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)World you mind if I used your telephone?Not at all. 一點也不。(= I do not mind at all.)Will he pa

13、ss this examination?Probably. 大概會的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)不依賴于上下文的省略。All aboard! 請上船(= All go aboard.省略謂語)Havent seen you for ages!(省略主語 I)What about having a game of chess?Sounds like a good idea.2.并列句中的省略(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主語)Everybody appears well prepared.(= Every

14、bady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)并列句中假如前后分句有一樣的局部，常?？梢允÷缘?，以防止重復。通常被省略的可以是主語、謂語、賓語或其他萬分，或句子萬分的一局部。省略出如今后一分句John likes collecting sts but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主語)省略出如今前一分句We can (win tomorrows match), and certainly will,win tomorrows match.我們可以，而且一定會在明天的比賽中獲勝。(前一分句省略謂語 + 賓語)

15、前后兩個分句都出現(xiàn)省略They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.復合句中的省略在主從復合句中，活力的現(xiàn)象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首局部。(Im)Sorry I couldnt go.省略整個主句或主句的一局部(答復下列問題時常用)。(It is a)Pity hes failed.If he says hell e, he will(e).3.在一些狀語從句中，假如謂語動詞是 be，主語又和主句的主語一致，或者主語是 it，常?？梢园褟木渲械闹髡Z和 be 省略掉。以 when, while, once, unt

16、il 等連詞引導的時間狀語從句。When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入國問禁，入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。4.在比擬從句中通常把和主句重復的局部省掉。省略謂語的全部James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.Tom has as many books as Jack.省略主語和謂語的一局部Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表語局部Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 yo

17、ung)省略主語和謂語的大局部，保存狀語He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)省略主語He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略賓語You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)省略從句的全部You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)主句和從句中可同時省略一些

18、成分。The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).高二英語必修五會考知識點整理21. consist of = be made up of 由組成 (沒有進展時)e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.2. 區(qū)別: separate . from (把結合在一起或靠近的人或物別離出來) o 把分開 (把整體分為假設干局部)e.g. The teacher div

19、ided the class into two groups.The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian.3. debate about sth.e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.debate /argue/ quarrel4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )bee clear or easier to understand 澄清;說明;清楚;明了e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situatio

20、n.Can you clarify the question?5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接6. refer to1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 參考;查閱;詢問e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.Please refer to the last page of the book for an

21、swers.3) 關系到;關乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.This rule refers to everyone.reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書7. to ones surprise (prep)“to ones + 名詞” 表 “令某人”常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely un

22、fit for sale.To Johns great relief they reached the house at last.8. . found themselves united peacefully“find +賓語+賓補( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.Youll find him easy to get along with.They found themselves trapped by the

23、 bush fire.When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill e.get + n. + to doget + n. + doingYoull get her to agree.Ill get the car going.get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶爾發(fā)生，意為“被.”e

24、.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.The man broke away from his guards.break down (會談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的安康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.His health broke down under the pressure of work.He broke down and wept when he heard the news.Talks between the two coun