1、 英文文獻(xiàn)Discussion on key technologyof mine boom type heavy roadheadeAbstract:The paperproposed the key technological issues of the hard rockcutting for themine boom type heavy roadheader. In combined with the research anddevelopmentof the EBZ300TY mine heavy roadheader, the paperdiscussed thetechnical

2、measuresmade. Accordingto the certain geological conditions of the client,the proposed the alternatives on the rationalmatching of theworking parameters, thecut-ter improvementdesign direction, the selected type cutting head, the stabilizationand layout of the roadheader, the development of thekey p

3、arts, the orientation position,the face cross sectionmonitoring and others.Key words:mine heavy roadheader; hard rock cutting; key technologyCantilevered boring machines have made express from 1960s during the 20thcentury in China, with continued research, testing and improvement in recent 50 years,

4、the performance of machine has increased: cutting power range from 50kW to 220kW, from light to heavy-duty models of the more than 20 kinds of products, in thecoal mine coal and semi-mechanized coal-rock tunnel boring widely used in China inrecent years to meet the basic the rapid development of the

5、 coal industry needs. Alongwith the mine working face size and the continuous improvement of production, themodernization of a large number of million-ton mine-building, especially theconstruction of new wells in the rock to open up the roadway, on whole-rock boringmachine demand increases every yea

6、r, its technical capabilities and requirements forcontinuing raised.The development of cutting power reaches 300 kW, the machine to adapt to thequality of over 100t roadway section 30 502 , cutting of rock uniaxialmcompressive strength reached 120 MPa heavy hard rock boring machine, it is ingrowing

7、demand and rapid advancement of technology boring machine made underthe premise. With the development of the past 50 years compared to the boring machine, it is not a simple local improvement, nor is it a successful model of the past,zoom in or out, boring machine technology but a far-reaching chang

8、es in manyaspects. This is because some of its key technologies will be applied to other productson the boring machine, boring machine and then bring the whole technology industry.The following boring machine at home and abroad according to the presentdevelopments and the development experience of h

9、eavy hard rock boring machine forcutting the key technologies are discussed.Cutting capacity 1Cutting capacity is heavy hard rock boring machine restricted the use of the mostimportant factor in the development of heavy-duty boring machine at the heart of thelevel of their ability are usually measur

10、ed by three indicators, namely, tooth losscut-off rate (to / m ), production capacity ( m / h ) and cutting energy consumption33than the ( kW h/ m ), which cut the rate of tooth loss is more decisive role. Cutting in3hard rock boring machine, if the hardness of rock, or grinding teeth of a strong le

11、ad tothe actual loss rate cut more than 1 / m , then they would pick as a result of3consumption of high cost and frequent replacement of the cutter and machinevibration increased increase in maintenance costs compared with the drilling andblasting method becomes uneconomical. Therefore, heavy boring

12、 machines ability toadapt to cutting hard rock cutting is essential, for this body of work needs to choosethe parameters, the type of cutting head and cutting tool, such as an in-depth study.1 1 operating parameters of a reasonable match with tnhcee ppererdfiocrtimoanCutting in the process, and one

13、of the most important parameter is the most basiccutting thickness (coal cutter rock cutting depth), and the rock cutting nature of thecutting is not suitable thickness will reduce cutting efficiency and Pick of the wearand tear, resulting in more dust. Different cut-off in the rock structure, the f

14、ormationof different mechanical properties. Because of the specificity of cutting hard rock,hard rock boring machine during the design, user-specific nature of the geologicalconditions of rock parameters for the selection and matching of heavy hard rockboring machine is designed to correct the premi

15、se. In the different rock types, such as strength, abrasion, and rock types, such as cutting tests conducted on the basis of thecombination of dedicated design software for cutting optimization of operatingparameters of the design, hard-rock boring machine is cutting to achieve highperformance the o

16、nly way .In addition, the design parameters for performance prediction of the success ofthe use of boring machine is an important factor. According to research institutionsabroad, the research results 2, can be forecast according to certain formula for thecut-off rate of tooth loss and to predict cu

17、tting capacity. Will be by way of cutting therock compressive strength, cutting power, boring machine weight, diameter of cuttinghead as the standardization of parameters such as parameters.Come to the conclusion that the hardness in cutting when the cutter reached120MPa consumption rate of a more e

18、conomical level.1 2 tool to improve the designThe last 50 years, researchers in order to improve Cutting capacity rock tests done alot of research, such as increasing the weight of the machine, the design of solid rack,a big increase in power, such as cutting. Test shows that the constraints of the

19、mainfactors driving hard rock is still the pick, as the cut-off performance is good or badteeth, the length of life boring machine a direct impact on the economy, thus cuttingthe need for an in-depth study tool.At present, the extensive use of boring machine with cone-shaped alloy head pick-ho,as th

20、ey have since the blade and impact resistance and have been affirmed, in avariety of boring machine has been widely used and become standardized. In addition,through the introduction of new welding technology, increasing the diameter of thefirst alloy and improve abrasion resistance, such as cut-off

21、 method of tooth roots, picka larger improvement in the durability of cutter. Despite the ho-shaped cutter to carryout an in-depth research, manufacturing process has been greatly improved, but stillcan not economically stronger for grinding of hard rock mining. This is because whenthe ho-shaped cut

22、ter with the rock when the contact area, and in the higher stages ofwear and tear become blunt and sharp teeth, the posterior horn of the negative, theplane of the wear and tear and extrusion of rock have a lot of rock powder, work to be larger than the energy, cutting efficiency is very low, if the

23、 pick-shaped cutter to stoprotating, then the performance of their cutting the rate of deterioration will beincreased.Should improve the design tools to enable the transfer to the rock through the tool ofpower and energy to achieve maximum value. Recently developed new tools, theUnited States of Geo

24、logy, University of Colorado School of Mines Research Instituteof the disc machine cutting tool 3, and mining services company in Australia, thedevelopment of the era of chain-shaped cutter head alloy. Before the adoption of arotary cutting tool for cutting hard rock, due to large size tools and bor

25、ing machinecutting head size is limited to use; the latter has a cutting tool than the energy stability,the extent of tool use has been a sharp remain unchanged, less dust, vibration smalldegree block is characterized by the more hard rock boring machine ideal choice, andthe use of broad prospects.1

26、 3 types of cutting headThe design of cutting head usually meet the following requirements: tool consumptionin small, even by force, good stability, high cutting efficiency. To achieve thisThese requirements is the main criteria for the design of each tool rotary cuttinghead in a week can cut the sa

27、me materials. Practice shows that in the horizontalboring machine, two kinds of longitudinal cutting head type, the horizontal boringmachine is more suitable for hard rock cutting 4-5. This is due to cut-off horizontalcutting head and cut off the small side, at the same time to participate in cuttin

28、g thenumber of teeth less than the cut-off, the machine allows the greatest resistance to thesame work, they can force the use of larger single-pole; horizontal cutting headcutting line spacing small , can be cut smaller deep, single-tooth cutting resistance onthe smaller, the horizontal than the ve

29、rtical axis of the high hardness cutting; forwardopen horizontal cut, as cutting edge and are located in traction with the cantilever axisparallel to the plane, you can take full advantage of the weight of the machine, cuttinggood stability, and pick and Chip of the effect ofBetter than the vertical

30、 axis type.2 job stability and the whole arrangement Evaluation of the stability of boring machine is an important indicator of performance,cutting a direct impact on the performance and reliability of machines. Affect thestability of the boring machine by many factors, such as the cutting head of t

31、he load,the balance of machine layout, grounding area, body height, cantilever rack, and othermajor components of the weight and stiffness, cutting head type and so on.Heavy boring machine is designed for cutting hard rock, and its main characteristic isthat the weight of big machinery, big power. T

32、he quality of a big machine for cuttingthe work of providing a more solid platform to effectively reduce the vibrationmachine, but it also brought about a balanced arrangement of hard to machine,machine ground pressure of the big problems, how to make the whole arrangement ofa balanced center of gra

33、vity position reasonable is a heavy-duty design difficult.Heavy boring machine weighing more than a 100, ton although the horizontal cuttingof the work agencies have good stability, but the weight of cutting big institutions, sothat whole center of gravity forward, causing the front track ground pre

34、ssure is toolarge, the need for running chassis to the rack, as well as the arrangement of specialmeans, on the one hand, adjust the rack and track the structural design of aircraft,reasonable weight and to increase its strength and stiffness, the parameters to matchthe requirements on the other han

35、d, as far as increasing ground track area to reduceground pressure.3 key components of development and designPerformance requirements of new technologies and the increasing weight and powerof the machine by making the boring machine parts the machine can not fully meetthe overall requirements, the n

36、eed for a pilot study of key components. Heavy Cuttingexcessive body weight, the traditional slewing bearing slewing mechanism can notmeet the work requirements, the need to develop new-type rotary body design. Rackand pinion has a carrying capacity of rotating bodies, and rotary constant force,vibr

37、ation and strong impact resistance, smooth operation, the advantages of compactstructure.Heavy boring machine ground pressure, and makes walking traction device efficiencyis not high, especially in the soft, wet ground. Telescopic cutting a large extent, solved the problem, it can be static in the m

38、achines, the machines take full advantage ofgravity and track traction device of the friction with the ground, so that cutting head topromote greater traction. However, within the traditional telescopic spline and T-slotoutside the telescopic structure, not only structurally complex, processing diff

39、iculties,and the relatively high failure rate, so the need for heavy-duty cantilever Cutting thecharacteristics of the development of strong and stable institutions of stretching.4 Boring Machine-oriented positioning and monitoring sectionBulky heavy boring machine, the driver line of sight worse, a

40、ccording to thetraditional approach to accurate driving and cutting cross-section to promote the rightdirection to ensure that it is very difficult, often boring machine drivers rely on theexperience and technology, in most cases the need for duplication of ultra-cutting orpatch cutting region, ther

41、efore it is difficult to control operating costs. How in theshortest possible time, the greatest precision cutting, the use of the lowest operatingcosts, it is hard rock boring machine needs to be resolved another difficultAddress these problems, usually boring machine automated positioning system.

42、Thisis through the use of a high level of integration of computer-driven boring machineoperations to complete the display, as shown in Figure 2. Display can be clearlymarked on the boring machine precise position and orientation information; thedesign of roadway cross-section profile of the axial pr

43、ojection; boring machinecutting head section in an ideal location on the real-time. Through the use of thesystem can achieve precise control of the cross-section; to ensure that the design ofroadway in accordance with the direction; raise boring machine footage; be completedroadway cutting part is n

44、ot visible; automatically advanced site features such asmeasurement of theodolite.5 Accessibility5 1 Heading Face Comprehensive Dust Removal System technologyAt present, the wet roadway dust removal system results in tunneling a major factor inthe poor is that the dust removal system is not able to

45、face boring machine, as well asthe wind system for supporting effective, so a comprehensive dust removal systemheading face technology research in general is supporting heavy boring machine One of the main research and development studies. In addition, the large cross-section ofdust control technolo

46、gy studies and the role of charged dust device is controlledmechanized excavation face the spread of dust from outside air. One of the key issuesand technical problems is the formation of mural mural hairdryer wind speed todetermine the best effect, the need for an in-depth study on this.5 2 bolt su

47、pport systemBolting is the coal mine roadway support the main form of support will bolt drillingand boring machine arm system integrated in one, the realization of a fullymechanized excavation face bolt hole drilling and bolt installation mechanizedoperations, a very care to improve the efficiency o

48、f the earth anchor to reduce the timefor auxiliary operations, effective care to shorten the operating cycle time anchor. Inaddition, the anchor of care to achieve automation and control operations, furtherimprove the efficiency of the anchor retaining staff and reducing the number ofoperations to i

49、mprove the care of the anchor of the security operation.6 Conclusion1) specific nature of the geological conditions of rock to choose and match theparameters of heavy hard rock boring machine is designed to correct the premise.2) the use of cutting energy consumption than the stable, remain the same

50、 sharpnessof the new alloy ornament-shaped cutter, heavy hard rock boring machine is a betterchoice.3) In order to better adapt to cutting hard rock, heavy use of hard rock boring machinehorizontal cutting way, with production capacity, and job stability, and lower than theenergy consumption charact

51、eristics.4) heavy-duty boring machine according to the characteristics of the balancedarrangement of parts, and a reasonable weight.5) heavy-duty boring machine according to the characteristics of the development ofstrong and stable cutting telescopic slewing mechanism and heavy-duty.6) the use of b

52、oring machine-oriented cross-section location and surveillance systems,to improve the performance of heavy boring machine.7) to heavy boring machine for the technology platform, can also be used to eliminate dust and equipment automatic bolting device and system to enhance the safety of staff,effici

53、ency of mechanized excavation face. 中文譯文懸臂式重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)探討【摘 要】:提出了懸臂式重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)硬巖切割的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問題 , 并結(jié)合EBZ300TY 重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)的研制開發(fā),對所采取的技術(shù)措施進(jìn)行了探討。提出了根據(jù)用戶特定地質(zhì)條件進(jìn)行工作參數(shù)合理匹配、刀具改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)方向、截割頭選取的類型、整機(jī)穩(wěn)定性及布置、關(guān)鍵部件的開發(fā)和導(dǎo)向定位及斷面監(jiān)視等方案。【關(guān)鍵詞】:重型掘進(jìn)機(jī);硬巖切割;關(guān)鍵技術(shù)我國懸臂式掘進(jìn)機(jī)是 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代發(fā)展起來的,經(jīng)近 50 年的研究、試驗(yàn)和改進(jìn),機(jī)器性能不斷提高,已開發(fā)出截割功率 50220 kW ,從輕型到重型的 20 多

54、種型號的系列產(chǎn)品,在煤礦井下煤及半煤巖巷道的機(jī)械化掘進(jìn)中廣泛應(yīng)用 ,基本滿足了近年來我國煤炭工業(yè)快速發(fā)展的需求。隨著我國礦井規(guī)模和工作面單產(chǎn)的不斷提高,大批千萬噸級現(xiàn)代化礦井的建設(shè) ,特別是新井建設(shè)中巖石巷道的開拓 ,對全巖掘進(jìn)機(jī)的需求逐年增加,對其技術(shù)能力和要求也持續(xù)提高。研制截割功率達(dá)到 300 kW ,機(jī)器質(zhì)量超過 100t 適應(yīng)巷道斷面 3050,截m2割巖石單軸抗壓強(qiáng)度達(dá)到 120 MPa 的重型硬巖掘進(jìn)機(jī),正是在不斷增長的需求和掘進(jìn)機(jī)技術(shù)快速進(jìn)步的前提下提出的。同過去 50 年研制的掘進(jìn)機(jī)相比,它不是簡單的局部改進(jìn),也不是以往成功機(jī)型的放大或縮小 ,而是掘進(jìn)機(jī)技術(shù)一次意義深遠(yuǎn)的多方

55、面變革。這是因?yàn)樗囊恍╆P(guān)鍵技術(shù)將會推廣應(yīng)用到其他掘進(jìn)機(jī)產(chǎn)品上,進(jìn)而帶動整個掘進(jìn)機(jī)行業(yè)的技術(shù)進(jìn)步。下面根據(jù)目前國內(nèi)外掘進(jìn)機(jī)的發(fā)展動態(tài)和開發(fā)體會,對重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)硬巖切割的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行初步探討。1 截割能力硬巖切割能力是重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)使用范圍受限制的最主要因素,也是重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)研制的核心所在,其能力高低通常有 3 個指標(biāo)來衡量,即截齒損耗率(把/ )、生m3產(chǎn)能力( m / h )和截割比能耗( kW h/ m ),其中以截齒損耗率更具決定作用。在33掘進(jìn)機(jī)切割硬巖時,如果巖石硬度高或者研磨性很強(qiáng)導(dǎo)致截齒實(shí)際損耗率超過 1 把/ m ,那么就會由于高昂的截齒消耗費(fèi)用 ,以及經(jīng)常更換截齒和機(jī)器的振動加3劇增

56、加的維護(hù)費(fèi)等與鉆爆法相比變得不經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此,使重型掘進(jìn)機(jī)的截割能力適應(yīng)硬巖切割至關(guān)重要,為此需要對工作機(jī)構(gòu)的參數(shù)選擇、截割頭類型和截割刀具等進(jìn)行深入研究。11 工作參數(shù)合理匹配與性能預(yù)測在掘進(jìn)機(jī)截割過程中 ,一個最重要且最基本的參數(shù)是切削厚度 (截齒截割煤巖體的深度),與被截割巖石性質(zhì)不適合的切削厚度只會降低截割效率,增加截齒的磨損,產(chǎn)生更多的粉塵。在巖石截構(gòu)各異,形成的力學(xué)性質(zhì)千差萬別。由于切割硬巖的特殊性 ,在進(jìn)行硬巖掘進(jìn)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)時 ,針對用戶特定地質(zhì)條件的巖石性質(zhì)來進(jìn)行參數(shù)選擇和匹配是重型硬巖掘進(jìn)機(jī)正確設(shè)計(jì)的前提。在針對不同巖石類型,如強(qiáng)度、磨蝕性、巖石類型等進(jìn)行截割試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合專用設(shè)

57、計(jì)軟件來進(jìn)行截割工作參數(shù)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),是使硬巖掘進(jìn)機(jī)達(dá)到高截割性能的必由之路。此外,對設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的性能預(yù)測是掘進(jìn)機(jī)成功使用的一個重要因素。根據(jù)國外研究機(jī)構(gòu)的研究成果 2,可根據(jù)一定的預(yù)測方程式對截齒損耗率和截割生產(chǎn)能力進(jìn)行預(yù)測。將所截割巖石的單向抗壓強(qiáng)度、截割功率、掘進(jìn)機(jī)重量、截割頭直徑等參數(shù)作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化參數(shù)。得出的結(jié)論是在截割硬度達(dá)到 120MPa 時截齒消耗率達(dá)到較經(jīng)濟(jì)的水平。12 刀具改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)近 50 年來,科研人員為了提高掘進(jìn)機(jī)截割巖石的能力做了大量的試驗(yàn)研究,比如增加機(jī)器的重量,設(shè)計(jì)堅(jiān)固的機(jī)架,增大截割功率等。試驗(yàn)表明,制約硬巖掘進(jìn)的主要因素仍是截齒,由于截齒性能的好壞、壽命的長短直接影響

58、掘進(jìn)機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性,因此就需要對截割刀具進(jìn)行深入研究。目前,在掘進(jìn)機(jī)上大量使用的帶錐形合金頭的鎬形截齒 ,由于其所具有的自刃性、耐沖擊性而得到了肯定,在各種掘進(jìn)機(jī)上被廣泛使用并趨于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化。另外,通過采用新的焊接技術(shù)、增大合金頭直徑和提高截齒根部抗磨性等方法,較大改善了鎬形截齒的耐用性。盡管對鎬形截齒進(jìn)行了深入研究,制造工藝也有了極大的改善,但仍然無法經(jīng)濟(jì)地用于研磨性較強(qiáng)的硬巖挖掘。這是由于當(dāng)鎬形截齒工作時與巖石的接觸面積大,在磨損較高的階段齒尖變鈍時,會產(chǎn)生負(fù)的后角,大的磨損平面擠壓巖石并產(chǎn)生大量的巖粉,工作時需較大的比能,截割效率很低,如果 鎬形截齒停止旋轉(zhuǎn),那么其截割性能惡化速度還會加劇。應(yīng)該

59、改善刀具的外形設(shè)計(jì),使通過刀具轉(zhuǎn)移給巖石的力和能量達(dá)到最大值。最近研制的新型刀具,有美國科羅拉多礦業(yè)大學(xué)地質(zhì)機(jī)械研究院研制的圓盤截割刀具3,還有澳大利亞時代礦業(yè)服務(wù)公司開發(fā)的鋃形合金頭截齒。前一種刀具通過旋轉(zhuǎn)截割用于硬巖切割,由于刀具的外形尺寸大而掘進(jìn)機(jī)截割頭尺寸小使用受到限制;后一種刀具具有截割比能耗穩(wěn)定,刀具使用中銳利程度一直保持不變,粉塵少、震動小、塊度大的特點(diǎn),是硬巖掘進(jìn)機(jī)較理想的選擇,并具有廣闊的使用前景。13 截割頭類型截割頭的設(shè)計(jì)通常滿足以下要求 :刀具消耗小 ,受力均勻 ,穩(wěn)定性好 ,截割效率高。要實(shí)現(xiàn)這些要求,主要的設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則就是每個刀具在截割頭旋轉(zhuǎn)一周時能夠切下相同的物料。實(shí)踐表