1、專題一詞法篇第3講代詞高考感知1(2021全國新高考卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memory. It sure does in _(I)【答案與解析】1mine考查人稱代詞。句意：正如這首歌所唱的，這條漫長而蜿蜒的道路“從來不會消失”，而且它總是會留存在游客們的記憶之中。確實，它也會留存在我的記憶中。根據(jù)前面的“the visitors memory”可知，這里應(yīng)該是指“我的記憶中”。由于空格后面沒有

2、memory，只能用名詞性物主代詞。故填mine。2(2021全國甲卷改編)Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help. Only a _ choose to deal with the problems on _ own.【答案與解析】2few；their考查代詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是指“極少數(shù)人選擇獨立處理這些問題”。第一個空格后面省略了students。這里應(yīng)該是指他們。故分別填few, their。3(2021全國新高考卷)Ecotourism has _(it) origin with the environmen

3、tal movement of the 1970s.【答案與解析】3its考查人稱代詞。根據(jù)后面的名詞origin可知，這里應(yīng)該用形容詞性物主代詞，修飾該名詞，指“它的起源”。故填its。4(2020全國卷)Data about the moons composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether _(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.【答案與解析】4its考查代詞。句意：關(guān)于

4、月亮構(gòu)成的數(shù)據(jù)，比如它含有多少水和其他財富，可以幫助中國決定它未來月球基地的計劃是否實用。根據(jù)空后的名詞plans可知，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞its。故填its。5(2020全國卷改編)“Not that way，” my mom tried to stop_(I) but failed.【答案與解析】5me考查代詞。句意：“不是那樣?！蔽业膵寢尡M力阻止我，但是失敗了。根據(jù)上文可知，是作者一個人做菜，此處指媽媽盡力阻止“我”，應(yīng)使用第一人稱單數(shù)的賓格。故填me。6(2020全國卷改編)Best of luck with _(you) learning kung fu in China.【答

5、案與解析】6your考查代詞。句意：祝你在中國學(xué)習(xí)功夫好運。分析句子，best luck of you 譯為“祝你好運”是固定短語。句中的yours為名詞性物主代詞，不可修飾后面的動名詞。7(2020江蘇卷改編)This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goes for _.【答案與解析】7whatever考查代詞。句意：這個演員通常在表演前就已經(jīng)計劃好了前兩個技巧，然后全力以赴。分析句子成分可知，此處作“goes for”的賓語，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合語境。8(2

6、020全國新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模擬) and imagine_(they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.【答案與解析】8themselves考查反身代詞。句意：除了觀賞展品，游客還可以玩電腦模擬游戲，想象自己生活在一個不同的歷史時期，或者漫步在熱帶雨林中。此處指代visitors，意為“他們自己”，應(yīng)使用反身代詞。故填themselves。9

7、(2019天津卷改編)A study shows the students who are engaged in afterschool activities are happier than _ who are not.【答案與解析】9those考查代詞。句意：一項研究表明，參加課外活動的學(xué)生比不參加課外活動的學(xué)生更開心。空格處代詞與the students是對應(yīng)關(guān)系，可以用the ones或者those替代?？记榉治?考查人稱代詞的主格和賓格；2考查物主代詞的基本用法；3考查it的基本用法；4考查不定代詞和替代詞的基本用法?？键c突破考點一人稱代詞Give me a challenge，an

8、d I will meet it with joy.給我一個挑戰(zhàn)，我會欣然接受。分類例詞句法功能主格I, we, you, he, she, it, they主要用作主語，有時用作表語賓格me, us, you, him, her, it, them作動詞或介詞的賓語；在口語中常作賓語、表語考點二物主代詞He invited some friends of his to their party.他邀請了他的一些朋友參加他們的宴會。分類例詞句法功能形容詞性物主代詞my，our，your，his，her，its，their作定語名詞性物主代詞mine，ours，yours，his，hers，its

9、，theirs作主語、賓語或表語考點三反身代詞習(xí)慣用法例詞與介詞搭配by oneself 獨自地for oneself 親自of oneself 自動地in oneself 本質(zhì)上；本身與動詞搭配come to oneself蘇醒；恢復(fù)知覺dress oneself打扮；自己穿衣devote oneself to致力于；獻身于behave oneself舉止規(guī)矩有禮；檢點習(xí)慣用法例詞與動詞搭配apply oneself to專心致志于help oneself to隨便吃/用enjoy oneself玩得開心seat oneself就座；入席make yourself at home別客氣ada

10、pt/adjust oneself to適應(yīng)于teach oneself自學(xué)speak to oneself自言自語think for oneself獨立思考考點四指示代詞指示代詞是用來指代或標記人或事物的代詞，表示“這個/些” “那個/些”。常用的指示代詞有this，that，these，those等；such，so，the same在某些用法中一般也當作指示代詞看。I want this book，not that book.我要這本書，不是那本書。指示代詞近指遠指單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)thisthatthesethose考點五不定代詞不定代詞主要有：all，each，every，both，either

11、，neither，one，none，little，few，many，much，other，another，some，any，no等。還有由some，any，no和every構(gòu)成的合成代詞。不定代詞具有名詞和形容詞的性質(zhì)，并有可數(shù)和不可數(shù)之分，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、同位語、定語、狀語等(every，no只能作定語)。下面介紹幾組主要不定代詞的用法與區(qū)別。1both, all, either, neither與none的區(qū)別代詞用法both(1)表示“兩者(都)”(2)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式(3)與not連用表示部分否定，意為“兩者并不都”(表示全部否定需用neither)all(1

12、)指三者或三者以上的人或物的“全部”(2)作主語，指人時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；指事物的整體或抽象概念時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式(3)與not連用表示部分否定(表示完全否定需用none)代詞用法either(1)表示“(兩者中的)任何一個”(表示三者或三者以上的人或物中的“任何一個”需用any)(2)作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式neither(1)表示“(兩者)都不”(2)單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式(3)后接of短語作主語時，謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)形式，也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式代詞用法none(1)表示“(三者及三者以上中)無一個”或“沒有一點兒”(2)后接of短語作主語時，謂語動詞既可用單數(shù)形式，

13、也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式(3)既可指代可數(shù)名詞，也可指代不可數(shù)名詞Both of us are not teachers.我們倆并不都是教師。Neither of us is a teacher.我們倆都不是教師。None of the money is mine.這錢一分也不是我的。He is either Japanese or Chinese.他要么是日本人，要么是中國人。Not all the ants go out for food./All the ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的螞蟻都出去覓食。2each和every代詞用法each(1)強調(diào)個體，可作代詞或

14、形容詞，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指兩者或兩者以上中的“每一個”(2)可以與of短語連用；可作主語、賓語、同位語或定語。作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；作同位語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)和主語保持一致Each student in our class has a dictionary.我們每個學(xué)生都有一本詞典。(定語，強調(diào)各個個體)We each got a ticket.我們每人拿到一張票。(同位語)代詞用法every(1)強調(diào)(整體中的)每一個，只能作定語，修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示三者或三者以上中的“每一個”(2)與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定(3)可用來表示“每隔”(4)不可與of短語連用3the other和an

15、other，the others和others代詞用法the other可單獨使用，特指兩者中的“另一個”或兩部分中的“另一部分”another泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”，代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；另外，another后可接“基數(shù)詞/few復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，表示“另外的”others/theothersothers只能單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some連用；特指“整體中除去一部分后剩余的全部人或事物”時用the othersHe got two books；one is a textbook，and the other is a novel.他有兩本書，其中一本是教材

16、，另一本是小說。Five of the pencils are red；the others (the other pencils) are yellow.五支鉛筆是紅色的，其余的都是黃色的。Some are singing；others are dancing.一些人在唱，另一些人在跳。This coat is too dark.Please show me another.這件外衣顏色太深了。請再拿給我另一件。(賓語)4表數(shù)量的不定代詞的用法代詞用法表示意義含義few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞否定含義幾乎沒有a few修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞肯定含義幾個；一些little修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞否定含義幾乎

17、沒有a little修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞肯定含義少量；一點點many修飾或代替可數(shù)名詞肯定含義許多much修飾或代替不可數(shù)名詞肯定含義許多考點六it的用法1it的基本用法用法例句指天氣、季節(jié)、時間、距離、環(huán)境等It is early spring, but it is already hot.現(xiàn)在是初春，但是天氣已經(jīng)很熱了。用法例句代替前面提過的事物、群體、想法、內(nèi)容等或代替指示代詞Although he didnt like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.盡管他不喜歡看這部電影，但我還是決定去看一看。指不知性別的孩子、嬰兒或不明確的人(由于某種原

18、因而不知對方是誰)What will you call it if it is a boy?要是男孩的話，你會給他取個什么名字？2it作形式主語或形式賓語常用句型it作形式主語It is a pity/shame that 真可惜It is no wonder that 難怪It seems/appears that 似乎/看來It looks/seems as if/as though 看起來好像It happens that 碰巧常用句型it作形式主語It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb.that 某人突然想起It is said/reported t

19、hat 據(jù)說/據(jù)報道It is certain that 是一定的。It is no use/good doing 做沒有用/好處。It takes sb.some time to do 做花費某人若干時間。常用句型it作形式賓語主語think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/ keepitadj./n.for/of sb.to do/that從句主語think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keepituseless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/m

20、oney/energydoing3it的常用短語或句型make it 獲得成功；趕上see to it that 確保count on/rely on/depend on it that 相信as someone puts it 像某人所說的那樣When it comes to 當涉及/談到I cant help it () 我沒辦法/情不自禁()I take it that 我理解的是Its (high) time that sb.did/should do sth.是某人該做某事的時候了。Its the first/second/time that sb.have/has done sth

21、.這是某人第一次/二次/次做某事了。It is/has been since 自從已過了時間了。It will be/was before 要過時間才/在之前已過了時間。技巧點撥語法填空解題“2定向”1通過句子成分確定所填代詞的形式(1)如果作主語，則用人稱代詞的主格； (2)如果作賓語或表語，則用人稱代詞的賓格； (3)如果作定語，則用形容詞性物主代詞； (4)如果作賓語、表語或同位語且又反射到句子主語，則用反身代詞。2通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)和“指代”，判斷是否用it(1)如果指代上文提到的同一個事物，則用it；(2)如果指代天氣、時間、距離或環(huán)境情況則用it；(3)如果作形式主語或形式賓語，則用it

22、；(4)注意一些固定用法：dislike/hate/appreciate/depend on/see toit從句。對點特訓(xùn).單句語法填空1Though the bird then began to walk away，_ kept turning around to make sure he was following.2_(it) aim is to honour and celebrate Americas children and stress the importance of love as they grow up.3One cup of coffee in the late a

23、fternoon or evening will cause_(they) to stay awake almost all night.【答案】1it2Its3them4In 1838, Charles Dickens referred to “fried fish warehouses (倉庫)” in_ novel Oliver Twist.5The HZMB will make_ much more convenient to travel between the three areas it connects.6In order to determine the nature of

24、different herbs, he tasted various kinds of plants, testing _(they) individual effects.【答案】4his5it6their7When I learned more about the food，I began to understand why_ has this special feature.8All the four artists gave white porcelain a model style，each in_(they) own way.9Letters Alive took_(it) ide

25、a from a UK program, Letters Live, released in 201310In the next few years，Hangzhou will try its best to prepare _ for the big show.【答案】7it8their9its10itself.寫作運用1這是我的狗。它的名字叫湯姆。_2這咖啡是你的還是她的？_【答案】1Here is my dog.Its name is Tom.2Is that coffee yours or hers?3她太小，無法照顧自己。_4我們認識很多年了。_【答案】3She is too you

26、ng to look after herself.4We had known each other for many years.5你為什么事煩惱？_6路的兩邊都有樹。_【答案】5What are you worrying about?6There are trees on each side of the road.語法填空The party we held last Saturday was a real success.1_ seemed to have a good time.And the food was perfect.Almost 2_ was left.Henry said that he real