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1、單項選擇語法代詞課件第1頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二I. 代詞的分類人稱代詞 I , he, she,it.you,they,we及8個賓格代詞(押韻記憶) 疑問代詞 who whom what物主代詞 my 、your、hers 關(guān)系代詞 which 、that、who反身代詞 myself、yourselves 連接代詞 who、which、what相互代詞 each other、one another 不定代詞 one、each、another、neither指示代詞 this、that、those、these 第2頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點2
2、8分,星期二II. 人稱代詞的用法1) 作主語,用主格。作賓語用賓格。She teaches us English.2)在句中作表語,常用賓格。Who is it? Its me. 但有時用主格。 If I were she, I wouldt go there. It was I who told him about it.3)并列人稱代詞的順序。單數(shù):2,3.1. 復(fù)數(shù):1,2,3第3頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二III.反身代詞1)作賓語。I teach myself mathematics. She is looking at herself in the m
3、irror.2) 作介詞的賓語。 a. 表示“對比”,“自己” She loves me for myself, not for my money. b.)介詞oneself 的常見用語。 to oneself(對自己),for oneself(親自,獨自;為了自己),of oneself(自己的) ,between oneselves(秘密地), in oneself(本來, 本身) ,by oneself(單獨地,獨立地) 3)作同位語,起強調(diào)作用。 You yourself told me the story.第4頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二Exercise
4、one1.Yours is not a bad idea _.2. Laura is not quite _ today.3. I have the room _ .4. You can call on me. I am _ today.5. What I said just now is only _.6. If you dont believe me, you can go and see _.7. I dont know when the door closed _.第5頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二IV. 指示代詞的用法1).時空的差別 eg. There i
5、s this seat here,near me,or there is that one in the fourth row. Which will you have,this or that?2). This 和 that 在行文敘述上的差別。Eg. I shall say this to you: he is a poor man. He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.第6頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二3).that 和 those 用于表比較的結(jié)構(gòu)。 The weather of Beijing is just as goo
6、d as that of Tianjin. TV sets made in Nanjing are better than those made here.4). 打電話時this 表示我,that表示你.第7頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二一些重要的不定代詞的用法第8頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二 不定代詞有both, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, few, some, any, each, every, no, none等,從實際應(yīng)用和理解出發(fā),重點學(xué)習(xí)以下幾個: (一)
7、 both, either, neither (二) one, another, the other (三) little, a little, few, a few (四) some / any, no / none, each / every, many / much 第9頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二不定代詞含義數(shù)量關(guān)系作定語時名詞的數(shù)作主語時動詞的數(shù)both兩者都=2復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)either兩者中的任何一個=2單數(shù)單數(shù)neither兩者都不=2單數(shù)單數(shù)all三者或三者以上都3單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)none三者或三者以上都不3單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)each每一個2單數(shù)單數(shù)ever
8、y每一個3單數(shù)單數(shù)第10頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二both, either, neither both為“兩者都”,neither為“兩者都不”,either為“兩者之一”。這三個單詞都用于指兩個人或物,在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。作主語:1) Both (of them) enjoyed the rice. 他們兩人喜歡吃米飯。2) Neither (of us) is a doctor. 我們倆都不是醫(yī)生。3) Either (of you) will go. 隨你們哪個去都可以。 注意:作主語時,both后面的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。neither, either后
9、面的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。作定語:1) Both Zhang Huas father and mother worker work in a hospital, but neither one is a doctor. 張華的父母親在一所醫(yī)院工作,但都不是醫(yī)生。2) You may take either apple. 兩個蘋果任你拿一個。第11頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二作賓語:1) I like both of the toys very much. 我非常喜歡這兩件玩具。2) The boy could find neither of them and we
10、nt away. 這男孩找不到他們倆就走開了。both 還可作同位語,它們句中的位置是在動詞be,助動詞或情態(tài)動詞的后面,但在實義動詞前面。1) They are both in good health. 他們兩人身體都很好。2) They will both go there. 他們兩人都收到那兒去。3) They both agreed to take part in the birthday party. 他們兩人都答應(yīng)參加生日晚會。第12頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二 此外,either 可作副詞用于否定句,表示 “也”,相當(dāng)于肯定句中的 “too”。 Thi
11、s is not mine. That is not, either. 這不是我的,那也不是。 neither 表示“也不”的時候,常用在倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)形式中: I dont like to play football. Neither does he. 我不喜歡踢足球,他也不喜歡。 She hasnt got a bike. Neither have I. 他沒自行車,我也沒有。 注意,both 和 and, either 和 or, neither 和 nor 可構(gòu)成連詞。表示“和兩個都”,連接主語時謂語動詞是復(fù)數(shù);“不是就是”;“或或”,“既不也不”;“都不” 連接兩個并列主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)
12、一般應(yīng)與靠近謂語動詞的主語保持一致,如: 1) Both Zhang and Wang are good students. 張、王都是好學(xué)生。 2) Either you or he is right. 不是你就是他對的。 3) Neither he nor i am a scientist. 他和我都不是科學(xué)家。 第13頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二one, another, the other1. one 常用來作代詞,替代前文所出現(xiàn)的可數(shù)名詞,表示人或物,以避免重復(fù)。例如: I havent got a ball pen. Ill have to buy on
13、e. (= a ball pen)我沒圓珠筆,我得去買一支。 He is one to think more of others. 他是個能多為別人著想的人。2. the other, another 都可解釋為 “另一個”。other 加上定冠詞用于兩者中的另一個,another 指三者以上中的另一個。例如: He was two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher. Weve received two parcels, one from my uncle, the other from my aunt. I dont like
14、 this one, show me another, please. Ive just bought three things. One is a walkman, another is a pocketcalculator, the third is a video game.第14頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二3. another 還有 “再” 的意思,例如: Have another cup of coffee, please. 再喝一杯咖啡吧! She could have to stay here for another week. 他將在這里再待一個星期
15、。4. other 有 “另外” 的含義。例如: Where are the other students? 其他學(xué)生在哪里? The boy is much cleverer than the other two. 這孩子比另兩個更聰明。5. others 和 the others 表示復(fù)數(shù)的泛指和特指。例如: In the park some are playing games. Others are walking near the river. I have five colour pencils. One is red, another is blue and the others
16、are green.6. the rest 也可作 “其余的” 解釋。它用作主語時注意謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。例如: The rest of his life was spent in America. 他的余生是在美國度過的。 He has eight books. Two are in English. The rest are in Chinese. 他有幾本書,兩本是英文,其余的是中文。 第15頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二little, a little, few, a few1. little 與 a little 兩者都用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞,little 作 “
17、很少”,“幾乎沒有” 解,有否定的意思,a little 作 “少許”、“有一點” 解,有肯定的意思,例如: In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用這種方法他們只花很少的錢就能旅行。 There is little left, is there? 沒剩多少了,是嗎?2. few, a few 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,前者表示否定,后者表示肯定。 A few of us speak English well. 我們中有幾個人英語講得很好。 There were few eggs is the fridge, so h
18、e went to the supermarket and bought some. 冰箱里幾乎沒雞蛋了,所以他去超市買了一些。3. few 作主語時,謂語動詞仍用復(fù)數(shù),例如: Few men know this, do they?4. 常用詞組有 quite a few (好幾個),only a few (只有一個),a very few (極少數(shù))。例如: He studied Chinese for quite a few years. 他學(xué)漢語已有好幾年了。第16頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二some, any, no, none, each, every,
19、many, much(1)some 和 any:some (一些,某個) 句中可作主語、賓語、定語等,常用于肯定句。作定語時,它可修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,可數(shù)名詞是單數(shù)時,some 表示 “某個” 的意思。例如: There are some newspapers on the table. I am going to buy some orange juice. Have you any questions? Yes, I have some. I have read that in some magazine. 當(dāng)說活者表示提議、請求或期望得到肯定回答時,在疑問句中也可用 some。例如
20、: Would you like some tea? Could you lend me some money?any “一些” 用法相同于 some, 但多用于疑問句、否定句或條件從句。例如: Is there any ink in your pen? Put up your hands if you have any questions.第17頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二注意:1. any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一個” 解。常用于比較級句子中。 Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. Tom runs f
21、aster than any of the other boys in his class. 2. some, any, every, no 可以與 body, thing, one 構(gòu)成合成代詞,這些代詞都作單數(shù)看待,表示人或物: Something is wrong with my bike. Something is asking to see you. Nobody is absent. If you want anything, call me.第18頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二(2)no 和 none:none (沒有一個,全不,都不) 是名詞性的不定代
22、詞,可作主語和賓語,常和 of 短語連用,不以作定語。none 作主語代替不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語用單數(shù)形式。代替可數(shù)名詞時,謂語用單、復(fù)數(shù)均可。例如: None of us is / are from Beijing. None of the money is mine.none 與 all 相對,有 “全不” “全部” 的含義,因此 all 是全肯定,none 是 all 的全部否定,但都指三者以上的人或物。 We all made mistakes. None of us was correct.no 是形容詞性的不定代詞,只能用作定語,可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。no 等于 not a 或 no
23、t any 加上名詞。例如: I have no money. I have not any money.no one 相當(dāng)于 nobody,意為沒有人,謂語用單數(shù)。第19頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二(3)each 和 every :each (每個,各自的) 強調(diào)個體,可作主語、賓語、定語、同位語。every (每個,一切的) 相當(dāng)于all,強調(diào)整體,只能作定語。 Each boy has a dictionary. 每個孩子都有一本詞典。 Every boy has a dictionary. 所有的孩子都有一本詞典。注意: every 構(gòu)成的常用詞組every
24、 other day 每隔一天 / every other five days 每隔五天every other line 每隔一行 / every five days 每五天(4)many 和 much :many 修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù),謂語用復(fù)數(shù),much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù),它們可用在肯定句、否定句和疑問句中,還可在肯定句中作主語或修飾主語。例如: So much for today. There are many buses and cars in the street.many 已被 a lot of, a large number of, a great many 所代替。mu
25、ch 已被 a lot of, plenty of, a good deal of, a great (large) quantity of 所代替。 但 a lot of / lots of 只能用于肯定句。 第20頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二1. _ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret. A. Each B. Any C. No one D. None2.We couldnt eat in a restaurant because _ of us had _ money on us.
26、A. all ; no B. any ; no C. none ; any D. no one ; any3.There is a tree on _ side of the street. A. every B. all C. either D. both4.There is a desk on _ side of the room. A. both B. either C. all D. every5. Which side can I sit on the boat? If you sit still, you can sit on _. A. every side B. all sid
27、es C. both sides D. either side6.It is said that _ of his parents have gone to Beijing. A. all B. every C. both D. either第21頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二7.Some students are absent-minded, _ of them heard what the teacher said. A. all B. none C. every D. not all8. Is _ here? No, Bob and Tim have asked
28、 for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody9.They were all very tired, but _ of them would stop to take a rest. A. any B. some C. none D. neither10. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. some D. any11. If you want to change for a double
29、 room youll have to pay _ 5. A. another B. other C. more D. each第22頁,共24頁,2022年,5月20日,3點28分,星期二12. Which of the two books do you want? I want _. Please show me _. A. none ; another B. all ; the other C. neither ; the other D. neither ; another13._ side of the street is lined with different shops, _ of which sell electronic products. A. Both ; both B. Either ; all C. Neither ; either D. Either ; both14. Do you need anything else? Yes, we still need _ aircrafts. A. more two B. two more C. other two pieces of D. two other pieces of15.I had no idea wh
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