1、v1.0 可編輯可修改 第一章知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：翻譯：是一種語(yǔ)言轉(zhuǎn)換活動(dòng)劉宓慶在現(xiàn)代翻譯理論中將“語(yǔ)際意義”概括為六種：概念（主題）意義、語(yǔ)境意 義、形式意義、形象意義、文化意義。美國(guó)翻譯理論學(xué)家奈達(dá)將翻譯的意義概括成：語(yǔ)義和問(wèn)題。“ translating consists inreproducing in the receptor language theclosest natural equivalentof thesource-language message, first in terms ofmeaning and secondly in terms ofstyle . ”翻譯的定義：翻譯

2、是把一種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的意義用另一種語(yǔ)言傳達(dá)出來(lái)，以達(dá)到溝通思想情 感、傳播文化知識(shí)、促進(jìn)社會(huì)文明，特別是推動(dòng)譯語(yǔ)文化興旺昌盛的目的。翻譯的分類：首先：就涉及的語(yǔ)言而論，翻譯大體上分為：一：語(yǔ)內(nèi)翻譯，是指同一語(yǔ) 言的各個(gè)語(yǔ)言變體之間的翻譯；二：語(yǔ)際翻譯，指不同語(yǔ)言之間的翻譯。第二，就其活動(dòng)方式而言，分為：口譯和筆譯?？谧g就是“口頭翻譯” 基本方式分兩種： 連續(xù)傳譯， 又稱即席翻譯， 發(fā)言人講完部分或全部?jī)?nèi)容 之后， 由口譯人員進(jìn)行翻譯；二是同聲傳譯， 口譯員利用專門設(shè)備，邊聽(tīng) 邊譯。筆譯就是筆頭翻譯。第三 , 就翻譯材料的文體而言，可分為應(yīng)用文體、科技文體、論述文體、 新聞文體、藝術(shù)文體。第四，就處

3、理方式而言，翻譯可以分為全譯、節(jié)譯、摘譯、編譯和譯術(shù)。英國(guó)翻譯家、 學(xué)者喬治坎貝爾率先提出了翻譯三原則：首先，準(zhǔn)確地再現(xiàn)原作的意思；第二，在符合譯作語(yǔ)言特征的前提下，盡可能地一直坐著的精神和風(fēng)格；第三，也是最后，使譯作至少具有原創(chuàng)作品的特性，顯得流暢自然。英國(guó)翻譯家泰特勒：一，譯作應(yīng)該完全復(fù)寫出原作的思想；二，譯作的風(fēng)格和手法應(yīng)該 和原作屬于同一性質(zhì)；三，譯作應(yīng)該具備原創(chuàng)作品的通常。中國(guó)：釋道安“案本” ；嚴(yán)復(fù)“求信” ；傅雷“神似” ；錢鐘書(shū)“化境” 。忠實(shí)： 首先指要忠實(shí)于原作的思想內(nèi)容， 作品中敘述的事實(shí)、 說(shuō)明的事理、 描寫的景物、 作者的立場(chǎng)觀點(diǎn)和思想情感；保持原作風(fēng)格，包括民族風(fēng)格

4、、時(shí)代風(fēng)格、語(yǔ)體風(fēng)格、個(gè) 人語(yǔ)言風(fēng)格；通順：譯文語(yǔ)言必須通順易懂，合乎規(guī)范。翻譯人員的業(yè)務(wù)素質(zhì)要求：堅(jiān)實(shí)的英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，很強(qiáng)的閱讀理解能力和鑒賞能力堅(jiān)實(shí)的漢語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)，提高漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力廣闊的知識(shí)面合理的翻譯策略養(yǎng)成認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)、謙虛謹(jǐn)慎的學(xué)風(fēng)the commuter dies with trememdous mileage to his credit.上班族一生中有著驚人的行程。I was with my father on a business-and-pleasure trip.我和父親一起出來(lái)，既是出差，也是游玩。size don t matter, chopping wood個(gè)頭沒(méi)啥關(guān)系，劈柴嘛f

5、rom there I could the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village.It was all very beautiful , and the sight of it filled me with longing.從這里望下去，整個(gè)山谷一覽無(wú)遺，只見(jiàn)那田野，河流和村莊，全都美不勝收，真叫我心馳 神往。Edward Ferras was mot recommended to their good opinion by any peculiar graces of person or address. He

6、was not handsome, and his manners required intimacy to make them pleasing. He was too different to do justice to himself. 愛(ài)德華菲 拉斯之所以能博得她們的好感，倒不是因?yàn)樗似烦霰?，風(fēng)度翩翩。他并不漂亮，那副 儀態(tài)嘛，只有和他熟悉了才覺(jué)得逗人喜愛(ài)。他過(guò)于靦腆，這就使得他越發(fā)不能顯現(xiàn)本色 了。he found them pushing needles , threads , pots, pans, ribbons, yarn, scissorsand buttons to h

7、ousewives. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)他們?cè)谙蚣彝ネ其N針線、鍋罐、緞帶、剪刀和紐扣。he sleeps late 他起得晚I shall not expect you until I see you你隨便什么時(shí)候來(lái)吧。翻譯第二章Marianne s preserver, as Margaret, with more elegance than precision, stiledWilloughby called at cottage early the next morning to make his personal inquiries. 瑪麗安的救命恩人 （ 這是瑪格麗特對(duì)威洛比言過(guò)其實(shí)的美稱 ）,

8、 第二天一早 一早就到鄉(xiāng)舍來(lái)問(wèn)安 .Mr. Collins had a compliment, and an allusion to throw in here, which were kindly smiled on the mother and daughter.說(shuō)到這里 , 柯林斯先生趕忙恭維了一句 , 還暗示了一下原因 , 母女倆聽(tīng)了 , 都粲然一笑 .He emerged on January 31 to go to Deli for the conference which, however negative from his point of view,at least prov

9、ided the occasionfor his bath in 29 days.一月三十一日 , 史迪威公開(kāi)露面 , 去德里參加會(huì)議 . 這次會(huì)議在他看來(lái)不管有多么消極 , 至少為他提供了一個(gè) 29 天以來(lái)第一次洗澡的機(jī)會(huì) .“ And you are my uncle, then!” she cried, reaching up to salute him.“這么說(shuō), 你是我姑父啦 ,”她嚷道 , 走到他跟前 ,親吻了他一下 .Clare stood still, and inclined his face towards hers.“ Oh, Tessy! ” he exclaimed.

10、The girl s cheeks burned to the freeze, and she could not look into his eyesfor the emotion. 克萊站住了腳 , 把臉貼向苔絲的臉 . “哦 , 苔絲 ! ”他失聲嚷道 . 苔絲 感到了他嘴里冒出來(lái)的氣息 , 臉上給燒得火辣辣的 , 她心神搖蕩 , 不敢在盯著克萊的眼睛 了. the fate of men is as grim and bleak as the fate of women. Toilers and warriors. 男人的命運(yùn)和女人的命運(yùn)一樣悲愴凄涼.做苦役 ,當(dāng)炮灰 . in 187

11、3 Strauss appropriated and patented the gimmick- and hired Davis as aregional manager. 1873年, 施勞特斯采納了這一小發(fā)明 , 出資位置申請(qǐng)了專利 -并雇用戴維斯做一地區(qū)經(jīng)理 .When to those recollections wasadded the development of Wickham s character,it may be easily believed that the happy spirit which had seldom been depressed before, we

12、re now so much affected as to make it almost impossible for her to appear tolerably cheerful.一麗莎白雖說(shuō)一向性格開(kāi)朗 , 難得有意志消沉的時(shí)候 , 但是一想起這些事 , 加上漸漸認(rèn)清了威客姆的真面目 , 心里難免受激 , 因而連強(qiáng)作歡顏也辦 不到了 , 這是可想而知的 .I had not known you a month before I felt that you were the last men in the world whom I could ever be prevailed on t

13、o marry.我認(rèn)識(shí)你還不到一個(gè)月的時(shí)候 , 就覺(jué)得哪怕我一輩子找不到男人 , 也休想讓我嫁給你 .A difficulty of arranging their lips in this crude exposure to public scrutiny, an inability to balance their heads was apparent in them 顯然 , 要在大廳廣 眾面前拋頭露面 , 她們一個(gè)個(gè)不知道嘴唇應(yīng)該做出什么樣的形態(tài) , 腦袋應(yīng)該擺出怎樣的啊 , 船長(zhǎng) ! 我的船長(zhǎng) ! 我們艱險(xiǎn)的航程11. O Captain! My Captain!啊,船長(zhǎng)!我的船長(zhǎng)

14、!0 Captain! my captain! our fearful trip is done,已經(jīng)終了The ship has weather d every rack, the prize we sought is won, 險(xiǎn)阻 ,我們追尋的目標(biāo)已經(jīng)達(dá)到 ,The port is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting,了鐘聲 , 聽(tīng)到了人們?cè)诳v情歡騰 ,While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and darling; 平穩(wěn)的龍骨 , 我們的船堅(jiān)定而勇猛 ;But o

15、heart! heart! heart!可是啊 , 心呀 ! 心呀 ! 心呀 !這船度過(guò)了一個(gè)個(gè)港口就在前面 , 我聽(tīng)到一雙雙眼睛渴望著O the bleeding drops of red,啊 , 殷紅的血在流淌 ,Where on the deck my captain lies,我的船長(zhǎng)躺在甲板上 ,Fallen cold and dead. 人已死去 , 渾身冰涼 .I never in my life saw a man more intent on being agreeable than Mr. Elton. Itis downright labour to him where

16、ladies are concerned. With men he can be rational and unaffected, but when he has ladies to please every feature works.我還沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)一個(gè)比埃爾頓先生更想討人喜歡的人 . 對(duì)女人 , 他毫不掩飾地一味討好 . 在俺男人面 前,他頭腦還算清醒 ,也不裝腔作勢(shì) , 可是見(jiàn)了女人 ,整副面孔不知有多么做作 .“ How she has changed! Thank heaven she didn t recognize me,” muttered Father, mopping his

17、face with a handkerchief.“ She was a lovely young thing, verygraceful. I fell in love with her, and she with me.” “她變化多大啊 ! 謝天謝地,她沒(méi)認(rèn)出我來(lái) , ”父親小聲說(shuō)道 , 一面用拿手帕擦擦臉 . “她是個(gè)可愛(ài)的年輕小姐 ,我 瘋狂地愛(ài)上了她 , 她也瘋狂地愛(ài)上了我 . ”I was in the middle before I knew that I had begun.我是到了不能自拔的時(shí)候 ,才發(fā)現(xiàn)愛(ài)上了你 .Oh, yes, I want to tellyou. I

18、 don t want you wandering about this.Her fatherrejected our romance. I was a foreigner. I had no prospects, and was dependent on my father. 哦, 不. 我要告訴你 . 我不想讓你胡思亂想 . 她父親反對(duì)我們戀愛(ài) . 我是個(gè) 外國(guó)人 , 沒(méi)什么前途 , 還要依靠父親 .They have become, through marketing, word of mouth, and demonstrable reliability,the common pant

19、s of America. 通過(guò)市場(chǎng)營(yíng)銷 , 口口相傳 , 以及憑借顯而易見(jiàn)的可靠性 , 牛仔褲已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)的尋常褲裝 .The cold weather frosted up the track last night.昨晚天氣寒冷 , 跑道上結(jié)了霜 .It was wicked, that is what it was-just blasphemous, and no more becoming toa meek and humble professor of-這叫作不知好歹 , 就是這么回事 - 無(wú)非是冒犯神明的大膽妄為 ,根本就和你裝出的那副溫和謙讓的派頭不相稱 ,你明明是個(gè)偽君子 ,

20、卻偏要假惺惺地自名為v1.0 可編輯可修改 v1.0 可編輯可修改2.意譯 nor was Mts. Hurst, who had married a man of more fashion than fortune, lessdisposed to consider to his house as her home when it suited her. 而那位赫斯特夫人嫁了個(gè)家財(cái)不足 , 派頭有余的紳士 ,因而一旦得便 , 也很情愿把弟弟的家當(dāng)做 自己的家 .The snow lay yards deep in our road; and, as we floundered on, my

21、companion wearied me with constant reproaches that I had not brought a pilgrim s staff 路上的雪有幾碼深 , 我們蹣跚走去 , 我的同伴只管嘮嘮叨叨地埋怨我連一根朝圣用的拐杖都 沒(méi)有帶He resolve, however, had been taken, and it seemed vacillating even to childishness to abandon it now, unless for graver reasons. How could she faceher parents, get

22、back her box, and disconcert the whole scheme for the rehabilitation of her family, on such sentimental grounds.然而 , 她當(dāng)初已打定了主意 ,如果沒(méi)有更重要的原因 ,現(xiàn)在再改變主意 ,這似乎太游移不定了 , 甚至太孩子氣 了. 她怎么能這樣感情用事 ,居然敢當(dāng)著父母的面 ,去把箱子取回來(lái) ,從而打亂重整家業(yè) 的全盤計(jì)劃呢But the gaiety does not ring true and anybody who has just one drink too manyis ap

23、t to lapse into lachrymose melancholy. 但是這種歡快聽(tīng)上去并不真實(shí) , 任何 人呢只要多喝一杯 , 就會(huì)悲從中來(lái) , 潸然淚下 .For those who may be in some doubt as to the nature of chores, their variety,their pleasures and their drudgery, I am prepared to deliver a short disquisition. 有些人不太清楚家務(wù)事的性質(zhì)、繁雜和甘苦，我打算對(duì)此作點(diǎn)探討 .第三章 翻譯的方法劃分規(guī)則一： 1. 直譯 局限于

24、語(yǔ)言層面的價(jià)值取向 劃分規(guī)則二： 1. 異化法對(duì)這些文化價(jià)值觀的一種民族偏離主義的壓力， 接受外語(yǔ)文本的 語(yǔ)言及文化差異，把讀者帶入外國(guó)情景 立足于文化大環(huán)境下的價(jià)值取向歸化法采取民族中心主義的態(tài)度，使外語(yǔ)文本符合譯入語(yǔ)的文化價(jià)值 觀，把原作者帶入譯入語(yǔ)文化二：兩種翻譯法的發(fā)展我國(guó)改革開(kāi)放之前， 20 世紀(jì)時(shí)，歸化法在翻譯界占優(yōu)勢(shì)。歸化法代表人物：嚴(yán)復(fù)、林紓、 朱生豪、張谷若、傅東華、楊必。 異化法代表人物：魯迅、董 秋斯、卞之琳改革開(kāi)放以后，西方譯論引進(jìn)，異化法逐漸成為主要翻譯方法。三：翻譯應(yīng)遵循的原則 ：異化、歸化并用互補(bǔ)，異化為主，歸化為輔，異化和歸化的運(yùn)用 要注意限度。 在可能的情況下

25、， 盡量實(shí)行異化譯法； 如果異化譯法 不能完全達(dá)意，或者不能完全通暢，則可考慮漢語(yǔ)的行文習(xí)慣， 做出一定的歸化處理； 如果異化譯法徹底行不通， 譯者也不必勉 為其難，舍其表層形式，傳達(dá)其深層含義。四：注意異化法運(yùn)用的限度：一是譯語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文化的限度，二是譯語(yǔ)讀者接受能力的限度對(duì)于原文的形象語(yǔ)言，有兩種情況可以采取歸化譯法：一是原文的語(yǔ)言雖然形象，甚 至也很新鮮，但卻無(wú)法“照實(shí)”傳譯出來(lái)；二是原文的形象語(yǔ)言已不再新鮮，用不著 “照實(shí)”傳譯。漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)的運(yùn)用：我們?cè)诜g外國(guó)作品時(shí)不宜使用的漢語(yǔ)成語(yǔ)： 一是反映中華民族特殊習(xí)俗的，二是帶有漢字特征的，三是含有中國(guó)地名的，四是含 有中國(guó)人名的。 （ 詳見(jiàn) P

26、43）五例句分析The Gardiners stayed a week at Longhorn; andwhat with t he Philips s, theLucases, and the officers, there was not a day without its engagement. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, , 加德納夫婦在朗博恩住了一個(gè)星期，由于和菲利普斯家、盧卡斯家還有軍官們有禮尚 往來(lái)，每天都少不了要飲宴一番。I supposed I should be condemned in Hareton Earnshaws heart,

27、 if not by hismouth, to the lowest pit in the infernal regions ( E. Bronte: Wuthering Heights, , 我想，就算哈雷頓厄恩肖嘴上不說(shuō)，心里肯定會(huì)詛咒我下到地獄的最底層。Unless you ve an ace up your sleeve, we are dished. 除非你袖中藏有王牌，否則我們是輸定了。4. He has fished in Manhattan s wallet and dug out coins There New Yorks ”) 他們將手伸進(jìn)曼哈頓的錢袋子里去撈錢，只撈到幾個(gè)

28、小錢 .5. As I remained in the Third Fourth three times as long as anyone else, I had three times as much of it. I learned it thoroughly. ThusI got into my bonesthe essential structure of the ordinary English sentence which is a noblething.: ”Harrow”)因?yàn)槲以谒哪昙?jí)三班待的時(shí)間是別人的三倍， 所以我所受的這種訓(xùn)練也是別人的三倍。 我 已經(jīng)徹底地掌握了它。

29、 就這樣，普通英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)便深入到我的骨髓里這可是 件了不起的事。6. Consequently was soon so overcome, that hemingled his tears with hers andmine. : David Copperfield, 結(jié)果是，不一會(huì)兒米考伯先生也受不住了，和她還有我，眼淚對(duì)流起來(lái)。7. “I known, Dad,” she said, ” Im a selfish Pig.I ll think about it” :A Modern comedy,“我知道，爸爸， ”她說(shuō)，“我是一個(gè)自私鬼。我會(huì)考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題的”8. Miss Sed

30、ley was almost as flurried at the act of defiance as Miss Jemima hadbeen; for, consider, it was but one minute that she had left school, and theimpressions of six years are not got over in that space of time. Thackeray: Vanity Fair,賽特力小姐坎肩這樣大膽的行為， 差不多跟吉米瑪小姐一樣吃驚。 你想， 她剛剛跨出校門 一分鐘，六年來(lái)受的教誨，哪能在這么短短的一剎那給忘

31、掉呢9 She could not desert Tara; she belonged to the red acres far more than they could ever belong to her.: Gone with the Wind, 她不能放棄塔拉；這片紅土地是屬于她的，而她更是永遠(yuǎn)屬于這片紅土地的。10. The yeomanry is precisely the order of people with whomI feel I can have nothing to do. A degree or two lower, and a creditable appeara

32、nce might interest me; Imight have hope to be useful to their families in some way or other. But a farmer can need none of my help, and is therefore in one sense asmuch above my noticeas in every other heis below it.: Emma, ,自耕農(nóng)正是我認(rèn)為和我無(wú)關(guān)的那種人。 一個(gè)地位低一二等但外貌看起來(lái)還可靠的人可能引 起我的興趣； 我希望能在某些方面幫得上忙。 但一個(gè)莊稼漢可能不需要我

33、的幫助， 所以從 這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，他一方面不需要我的關(guān)心，另一方面也不值得我關(guān)心。High buildings and large mansions are springing up like mushrooms in Beijing. 在北京，高樓大廈猶如雨后春筍般地涌現(xiàn)。Each of us has hiscarrot and stick.In my case, the stick is my slackeningphysical condition, which keeps me from beating opponents at tennis whom I overwhelmed two

34、 years ago. Mycarro t is to win. :” Fear of Dearth ”)我們?nèi)巳硕加凶约旱膲毫蛣?dòng)力。 就我而言， 這壓力就是我日趨衰弱的身體狀況， 兩年前 還是我手下敗將的網(wǎng)球?qū)κ?，我現(xiàn)在卻打不過(guò)了。我的動(dòng)力就是要贏球?！盌idn t know you were in the States, Mitty,” groaned Remington. “Coals toNewcastle, bringing Mitford and me up here for a tertiary.” : ”The Secret Lifeof Walter Mitty” )“我不

35、知道你就在美國(guó)， 密蒂，”雷明頓嘟囔著說(shuō)。 “把我和米特福德叫來(lái)治療這第三期梅毒 病，豈不是多此一舉”A man of honour could not have doubted the intention, but chose to doubt it or to treat it as a merely conditional recommendation, and to assert that I have forfeited all claim to it by extravagance, imprudence, in shortanything ornothing .: Pride a

36、nd Prejudice, ,一個(gè)體面的人是不會(huì)懷疑先人的意圖的，可是達(dá)西先生卻偏要懷疑或者說(shuō)偏要把那視 為只是有條件地舉薦我， 還一口斷定我完全失去了受舉薦的資格， 說(shuō)我生活鋪張， 舉止魯 莽，總之，欲加之罪，何患無(wú)辭。Barbara Tober observes thatthe bridesmaids, in the days when many brides weremere children, were called upon to assist her with dressing and with the logistics of moving to her new home. :

37、” Wedding Attendants ” )芭芭拉托伯說(shuō)，過(guò)去許多新娘只不過(guò)是孩子，因此會(huì)請(qǐng)來(lái)女儐相幫助她們梳妝打扮，并 做好其搬往新家的后勤工作?！監(jiān)f course it may,” said Angel. ”was it not proved nineteen hundred years ago if I may trespass upon your domain a little ”“當(dāng)然可以， ”安琪說(shuō)道，“恕我冒昧地說(shuō)一句你們的行話： 這個(gè)事實(shí)不是一千九百年前就被證明過(guò)了嗎”I passed out of my mind, andthe next thingI knew I w

38、as sitting down on theground, very cold in the shadows, and looking up at the rock where I had been within an eyelash of eternity There are such reflections, and for some of them I have the names. End of My Childhood” )我當(dāng)時(shí)暈了過(guò)去，等醒過(guò)來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己坐在地上，陰影籠罩中，只覺(jué)得渾身冷冰冰的。我抬 頭看看上面的石壁， 我剛才撐在那里險(xiǎn)些喪生現(xiàn)在我還能回憶起來(lái)， 其中一些我還能 說(shuō)

39、出一些名目來(lái)。, there is the New York of the commuter the city that is devoured by locusts each day and spat out each night.其次就是家住郊區(qū)、乘公交車到市內(nèi)上班的人們的紐約這座城市每到白天就被如蝗蟲(chóng) 般地人群吞噬，每到夜晚又被吐出來(lái)。the abilities of the nine-hundredth abridger of the History of England are eulogized by a thousand pens, there seems almost a ge

40、neral wish of decrying the capacity and undervaluing the labour of the novelist 有人拋出 英國(guó)史 的不知是第幾百個(gè)刪節(jié)本 . 諸如此般的才干受到了上千文人墨客的 贊頌；然而人們幾乎總是愿意詆毀小說(shuō)家的才能，貶損小說(shuō)家的勞動(dòng)20. With determination, with luck, and with the help from lots of good people, Iwas able to rise from the ashes.由于我的決心，好運(yùn)氣以及許多善良人們的幫助，我終于獲得了新生。21. wa

41、s a great favourite, and there was not a creature in the world to whom shespoke with such unreserved, as to his wife; not any one, to whom she related with such conviction of being listened to and understood, of being always interestingand always intelligible,the littleaffairs, arrangements, perplex

42、itiesandpleasures of her father and herself.她非常喜歡韋斯頓先生， 而他的那位太太， 則是她天下最能推心置腹的人； 她和父親但凡 有什么安排，或者遇到什么瑣碎的、 為難的或高興的事， 還就愛(ài)跟那位太太講，知道她喜 歡聽(tīng)，善解人意，而且總是很感興趣，總能心領(lǐng)神會(huì)。第四章第一節(jié)It happened in one of those picturesque Danish taverns that cater to touristsand where English is spoken. (R. Zack:“The Date Father Didn t Ke

43、ep ”)故事發(fā)生在丹麥的一家雅致的小旅館里 ; 這種小旅館備有酒食招待游客，而且講英語(yǔ)。People began drinking in their own homes because, after 1920, that was the onlylegal place they could drink. (T. Tuleja:“ Cocktail Hour ” )人們開(kāi)始在自己家里喝酒，因?yàn)?1920 年以后，那是可以喝酒的唯一合法場(chǎng)所。 and the respect which he felt for her high rank, and his veneration for heras

44、 patroness, mingling with a very good opinion of her himself, of his authorityas a clergyman, and his rights as a rector, made him altogether a mixture of prideand obsequiousness, self-importance and humility.(J. Austen:Pride and Prejudice)他一方面敬仰凱瑟琳夫人的崇高地位， 尊崇她作為自己的女恩主， 另一方面又非?？粗刈?己，珍惜自己做教士的權(quán)威，做區(qū)長(zhǎng)的權(quán)

45、利， 這一切造就了他一身兼有傲慢與恭順、自負(fù)與 謙卑的雙重性格。On the morning of a fine June day, my first bonny little nursling, and the lastof the ancient Earnshaw stock, was born. (E. Bronte: Wuthering Heights, 六月份一個(gè)陽(yáng)光明媚的早晨， 我要撫養(yǎng)的第一個(gè)小寶寶， 也是古老的厄恩肖家族的最后一根 苗，出世了。While the present century was in its teens, and on one sunshiny morn

46、ing in June, there drove up to the great iron gate of Miss Pinkerton s academy for young ladies, on Chiswick Mall, a large family coach, with two fat horses in blazing harness, drivenby a fat coachman in a three cornered hat and wig, at the rate of four miles an hour.: Vanity Fair, 當(dāng)時(shí)我們這世紀(jì)剛開(kāi)始了十幾年。 在

47、六月里的一天早上， 天氣晴朗， 契息克林陰道上平克頓女子學(xué)校的大鐵門前面來(lái)了來(lái)了一輛寬敞的私人馬車。 拉車的兩匹肥馬套著雪亮的馬具， 肥胖的車夫帶了假頭發(fā)和三角帽子，趕車的速度不過(guò)一小時(shí)四英里。6 and the rest of the morning was easily whiled away, in lounging round the kitchen garden, examining the bloom upon the walls, and listening to the gardener s lamentations upon blights, in dawdling thro

48、ugh the greenhouse, where the loss of her favorite plants, unwarily exposed, and nipped by the lingering frost, raisedthe laughter of Charlotte, and in visiting her poultry-yard, where in the disappointed hopes of her dairy-maid, by hens of forsaking their nests, or beingstolen by a fox, or in the r

49、epaid decease of promising young brood, she found fresh sources of merriment. (J. Austen: Sense and Sensibility, Ch. 6, V. ) 大家來(lái)到菜園，一面觀賞墻上的花朵， 一面聽(tīng)著園丁抱怨種種病蟲(chóng)害。接著走進(jìn)暖房，因 為霜凍結(jié)束的晚，再加上管理不慎，夏洛特最喜愛(ài)的幾種花草被凍死了，逗得她哈哈大笑。 最后來(lái)到家禽飼養(yǎng)場(chǎng)， 只聽(tīng)飼養(yǎng)員沮喪地說(shuō)起老母雞不是棄巢而去， 就是被狐貍叼走， 一窩 小雞本來(lái)很有希望， 不想紛紛死去， 于是夏洛特又發(fā)現(xiàn)新的笑料。 就這樣， 上午余下的時(shí)間 很快便消

50、磨過(guò)去了。7. She has been doing everything in her power by thinking and talking on the subject, to give greater what shall I call it susceptibility to her feelings; which are)她總是想著這件事， 談?wù)撨@件事， 極力想使自己變得更我該怎么說(shuō)呢更容易觸動(dòng)情懷， 盡 管她天生已經(jīng)夠多情的了。8. but she would not allow that any objections there had material weight wi

51、th Mr.Darcy, whose pride, she was convinced, would receive a deeper wound from the wantof importance of his friend s connections, than from their want of sense (J. Austen:Pride and Prejudice, , V.但她又認(rèn)為，這方面的欠缺對(duì)達(dá)西先生不會(huì)有多大影響， 因?yàn)樗嘈牛_(dá)西先生覺(jué)得最使 他有傷自尊的，是他的朋友跟門戶低微的人家結(jié)親， 至于這家人有沒(méi)有見(jiàn)識(shí)，他倒不會(huì)計(jì)較and my correct name, S

52、pencer -Churchill, began with an“S”, I gained no moreadvantage from the alphabet than from the wider sphere of letters. (W. Churchill: “Harrow”)由于我確切的姓是斯賓塞 -丘吉爾，以 S打頭，因而我在更廣泛的學(xué)業(yè)范圍所占的便宜比 不按字母排序占的便宜多。 (S)10 Mr. Bonnet was among the earliest of those who waited on Mr. Bingley. He had always intended to

53、 visit him, though to the last always assuring his wife that he should not go; and till the evening after the visit was paid, she had no knowledge of it. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, , V.)貝內(nèi)特先生是最先拜訪賓利先生的人之一。 本來(lái)他一直打算去拜見(jiàn)他， 可在太太面前卻始終 咬定不想去 ; 直到拜訪后的當(dāng)天晚上，貝內(nèi)特太太才知道實(shí)情。Then what Well, mankind is not doin

54、g a very good job of running the earth right now. Maybe, when the time comes, we ought to step gracefully aside and hand over the job to someone who can do it better. (I. Asimov: “The Difference between a Brain and a Computer” ) 到那時(shí)會(huì)怎么樣呢唉， 反正人類現(xiàn)在也沒(méi)有做好管理地球的工作。 也許到那時(shí)候，我們真該 豁達(dá)大度地讓到一邊，把工作交給更為稱職的去做。In co

55、nsequence large numbers of visitors of both sexes used to wait on the school steps, in order to see me march by; and I frequently heard the irreverent comment, “Why, hes last of all!” (W. Churchill:“ Harrow ” )因此常有許許多多的男男女女聚集在校園的臺(tái)階上， 等著看我走過(guò)。我經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到這句有失敬 重的話：“啊，他原來(lái)是老末呀！ ”I framed the words in my mind:

56、” Pardon me, but have I done something to offend you” But I realized I had done nothingmy color offended her. .Griffin: “IntoMississippi ”)我心里在嘀咕：“對(duì)不起，我有什么舉動(dòng)冒犯你了嗎” 可我很清楚， 我并未做出什么舉動(dòng)是我的膚色觸犯了她。第二節(jié)The human brain weights three pounds, but in that three pounds are ten billion neurons and a hundred billio

57、n smaller cells. These many billions of cells are interconnected in a vastly complicated network that we can t begin to unravelyet computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in thebillions. (I. Asimov:“ The Difference between a Brain and aComputer”)人腦只有三磅重， 但就在這三磅物質(zhì)中， 卻包含著一

58、百億個(gè)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞， 及一千億個(gè)更小的細(xì) 胞。這上百個(gè)、 上億個(gè)的細(xì)胞相互聯(lián)系， 形成一個(gè)無(wú)比復(fù)雜的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，人類迄今還無(wú)法解開(kāi)這 其中的奧秘電腦的轉(zhuǎn)換器和元件只是成千上萬(wàn)，而不是上百億、上千億。By comparison with the narrow, ironclad days of fathers, there was a expansiveness, I thought, in the days of mothers. They went to see neighbors, to shop in town, to run errands at school, at library, at c

59、hurch.：“ Women and Man” )跟做父親的那種狹窄、 緊張的生活相比， 我覺(jué)得母親的日子過(guò)得比較寬松自在。 她們上鄰居 家串門，去城里買東西，到學(xué)校、圖書(shū)館、教堂跑跑腿兒。Mr. Collins, meanwhile, was meditating solitude on what had passed. He thought too well of himself to comprehend on what motive his cousin could refuse him; and though his pride was hurt, he suffered in no

60、 other way. His regard for her was quite imaginary; and the possibility of her deserving her mother s reproach preventedhis feeling any regret. (J. Austen: Pride and Prejudice, , V. )這當(dāng)口， 柯林斯先生把剛才的情景沉思默想了一番。 他把自己看得太高了， 實(shí)在弄不明白表 妹為什么要拒絕他。 他雖說(shuō)自尊心受到了傷害， 但除此之外并不感到難過(guò)。 他對(duì)伊麗莎白的 愛(ài)完全是憑空想象，她可能真像她母親說(shuō)的那樣又任性又傻，因此