1、SubjunctiveMood 虛擬語氣的主要內(nèi)容一、非真實條件句（if等）中的虛擬語氣時態(tài)一致 2. 混合條件句 3. 含蓄條件句 4. 倒裝句 5. If only 感嘆二、名詞性從句的虛擬語氣：賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句三、幾種特殊的虛擬語氣句式wish、as if/though、would rather、Its time Its necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that從句陳述語氣陳述事實或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑問或感嘆等形式I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back

2、 home yet.祈使語氣請求,邀請, 命令,警告或勸告等Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一. 語氣的分類虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、懷疑等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；一是表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：表示與事實情況相反條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況

3、過去式(did)(be常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第1人稱) +動詞原形(do)表示過去情況過去完成式(had +done)Would / could / might / should +have done表示將來情況過去式 (did)/(were)should + do were to doWould / could / might / should + do虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.2.If I were you, I woul

4、d give AIDS patient a hug.3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.4. If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.（與現(xiàn)在事實相反）（與過去事實相反）5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.7. If

5、we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.(與將來事實相反)2、錯綜時間的虛擬句通常情況下,在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的, 但有時也可能指不同的時間,這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式.1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (從句指現(xiàn)在, 主句指過去)。2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (從句指過

6、去,主句指現(xiàn)在)。3. If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be going so smoothly.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在）。5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time t

7、omorrow. （從句指現(xiàn)在，主句指將來） 3、含蓄條件句有時假設的情況并不以條件從句表示出來,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通過介詞短語來表示。這些介詞常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是聽了你的建議，我就不會做的如此成功。The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.沒有開放的政策，就不會有如此大的變化。I was so busy then,

8、 Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.我當時很忙，否則，我就會把答案告訴他的。虛擬語氣4、省略 if 的條件從句當從句中有 were, had 或 should 時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首。If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the

9、 experiment If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中Had you come a few.5 . If only 要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒錯過火車就好了！If only our parents could live with us!If only I hadnt

10、 missed the train!a. If they _ (be) here, they _ (take) your advice.b. If the world-war _ (burst) out again, what _ (happen) to our people on earth?werewould takeburstwould happenPRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks.c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room now, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) i

11、n your position at this time, I _ (ask) for teachers help .were notcould bewerewould askIf he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had a. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.

12、had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanksc. If I _ (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together.had metwould have gone3. 名詞性從句的虛擬語氣。主要是表示命令、要求、建議的虛擬語氣。賓語從句。常見動詞：一個堅持：insist兩個命令：order, command 三個建議：advise, suggest, propose五個要求：demand , require, request

13、, desire ask 這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞 使用should + 動詞原形，或者將should省略。我們建議Tom 去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ?。We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to w

14、ork there.虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中 注意:insist / suggest 各有兩意思，要用不同的語氣 表“堅決要求”,虛擬, should + do; 表“堅稱,堅持說”,陳述語氣,表事實。 表“建議”，虛擬, should + do; 表“表明、暗示” ，用陳述語氣。The teacher suggested that we _ more after class. （我們課后多練習） The look on her face suggested that she _happyHe insisted that all of us _there on time by any mean

15、s. （我們大家想盡辦法按時去那兒）He insisted that he _ the wallet(沒有偷錢包).insistsuggest(should) practisewasshould bedidnt steal 以上動詞相應的名詞構成的名詞性從句包括主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句也要使用虛擬語氣。從句中的動詞形式一樣。 即：(should)V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that

16、 she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.二：虛擬語氣特殊句型：wish 的賓語從句現(xiàn)在：過去：將來：過去時（were）過去完成時would/could/might+V. shouldI wish I were a bird.（現(xiàn)在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（過去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （將來）as if,

17、 as though 引起的從句，其用法同 wish 構成的賓語從句一樣As if/though和wish用法相同He looks as if he were drunk.They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.2. would rather (that)現(xiàn)在：

18、過去：將來：I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去完成時3.Its (about/high) time +(that)should +V.過去時你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。Its high time that you went.Its high time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.Its time that we went

19、to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. (Should不可省略)4. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.If I were

20、 you, I _ buy the house right now. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. cant2. _more careful, his ship would not have sunk. A. If the captain were B. If the captain had been C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would have been 3.You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt g

21、et B. had drivenwouldnt have gotC. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4.- Would you have called her up _ possible?- Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been /was B. if it was/ were C. if it had been /had been D. if it were would beA5.I_before,but I was ill.A.Had written B.have wr

22、ittenC.Would have written D.would write6.He_you more help,even though he was very busy.A.might have given B.might giveC.may have given D.may give7. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. A.asked would know B.had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would knowIf he had not been

23、 busy8.Jack _ yet, otherwise he would have phoned me. (N 97)mustnt have arrived B. shouldnt have arrivedC. cant have arrived D. neednt have arrived9. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of w

24、ater, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken.11- Do you mind if I leave the window open? - Well, Id rather you _ . A. dont B. didnt C. wont D. mustnt12. Its half past eleven. Its high time _ home. A. well B. wed C. were going D. we went13.The teacher dem

25、anded that the work _ before 4 oclock. A. finished B. be finished C. should finish D. finish14. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take15. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told虛擬語氣Alan _ the party if he h

26、ad gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed2.It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy.He would be still alive today if he _ that drug.A.not take B. hadnt takenC. didnt takeD. shouldnt have takenExercises虛擬語氣3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A.

27、listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university.A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone虛擬語氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had