1、21/212016年6月英語四級(jí)真題第三套（文字版整理）PartIWriting（30minutes）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereinshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）SectionASignsbarringcell-phoneuseareaf

2、amiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe_(26)popularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome_(27)oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombesides-are_(28)givingwaytowirelessdevices.Asclericalloadsincreased,somethinghadto_(29),andtha

3、twasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,saysPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicagosinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_(30)apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_(31)thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame_(32)in2011.Medi

4、calschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums.YoullwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthisisthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_(33)withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_(34)fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedpat

5、ientsalso_(35)abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.SectionBAncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLifeIsitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfec

6、tiousdiseases?Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredprofessorMichaelSoupiosMourdoukoutas.byLongIslandUniversitysphilosophyandeconomicsprofessorPanosBThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Th

7、ephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevantaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago.Theretodayisnoexpiration(無效)dateonwisdom,hesaysThereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry(狡辯).Theniceth

8、ingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday.ExamineyourlifeSoupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.

9、Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlatosobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving.TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions(信念),hesays.Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandre

10、flectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships.StopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrolDAswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRule:Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol.TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,hesays.AndwhattheStoicssayingeneraliss

11、implythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan.ESo,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol.Icannotcontrol

12、whetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample.Hesays.Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingsw

13、hichyoucangenuinelycontrol.SeektruepleasureFTohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdontqualifyastruefriendships.JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnece

14、ssarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend.Soupiossays.Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers.GInourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.Butunlikethemoderndef

15、initionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence(放縱)andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.HThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans.Soupiossays.Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatw

16、espendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure.DogoodtoothersIOthergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous(發(fā)跡的)fool.Therearealsorulesdeal

17、ingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.JThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,Soupiossays.Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeofthewordsgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesens

18、e,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted(自己致使的)spiritualwound.KInstead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleforagoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.LThisisAeso

19、p,thefabulist(寓言家),themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships.Hesays.IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaid

20、inresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment.MSoupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifewort

21、hliving.toanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.Philosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.allyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.canliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.doerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheyg

22、ainnoconcretebenefits.toachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.Soupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.philosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.wiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.harmtoothersan

23、dyoudoharmtoyourself.SectionCPassageOneAttitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesntseemtobeagenerationaldivide.Th

24、epublicoverallissplitonwhethercleartheydliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryo

25、newantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.Actually,thisisntsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedm

26、obilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedto

27、age.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwiththosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssai

28、dtheywantedtotrydriverlesscarsthanthosewholivedinruralareas.Whiletheresreasontobelievethatinterestinself-drivingcarsisgoingupacrosstheboard,apersonsagewillhavelittletodowithhowself-drivingcarscanbebecomingmainstream.Oncedriverlesscaresareactuallyavailableforsafe,theearlyadopterswillbethepeoplewhocan

29、affordtobuythem.happenswhenanewtechnologyemerges?furtherwidensthegapbetweentheoldandtheyoung.oftenleadstoinnovationsinotherrelatedfields.contributegreatlytotheadvanceofsocietyasawhole.usuallydrawsdifferentreactionsfromdifferentagegroups.doestheauthorsayaboutthedriverlesscar?doesnotseemtocreateagener

30、ationaldivide.willnotnecessarilyreduceroadaccidents.maystartarevolutioninthecarindustry.hasgivenrisetounrealisticexpectations.doesthedriverlesscarappealtosomeoldpeople?savestheirenergy.helpswiththeirmobility.addstothesafetyoftheirtravel.stirsuptheirinterestinlife.islikelytoaffectonesattitudetowardth

31、edriverlesscar?locationoftheirresidence.amountoftheirspecialinterestamountoftrainingtheyreceived.lengthoftheirdrivingexperience.arelikelytobethefirsttobuythedriverlesscar?cated.weaIthy.techfans.PassageTwoInagrarian(農(nóng)業(yè)的),pre-industrialEurope,youdwanttowakeupearly,startworkingwiththesunrise,

32、haveabreaktohavethelargestmeal,andthenyoudgobacktowork,saysKenAlbala,aprofessorofhistoryattheUniversityofthePacific,Later,at5or6,youdhaveasmallersupper.Thiscomfortablecycle,inwhichtherhythmsofthedayhelpedshapetherhythmsofthemeals,gaverisetothecustomofmiddaymeal,eatenwiththeextendedfamily,Mealthearel

33、argethefoundationofthefamily,saysCaroleCouniban.aprofessoratMillersvilleUniversityinPeensylvania,sotherewasaveryimportantinterconnectionbetweeneatingtogetherandstrength-eatingfamilyties.Sinceindustrialization,maintainingsuchaslowculturalmetabolismhasbeenmuchharder.Withthelongmiddaymealshrinkingtowha

34、tevercouldbestuffedintoalunchbucketorboughtatafoodstand.Certainly,therewerebenefits.Moderntechniquesforproducingandshippingfoodledtogreatervarietyandquantity,includingatremendous,increaseintheamountofanimalproteinanddairyproductsavailable,makingusmorevigorousthanourancestors.Yetplentyhasbeenlosttoo,

35、eveninculturesthatstilllivetoeat.TakeItaly.ItsnosecretthattheMediterraneandietishealthy,butitwasalsoajoytoprepareandcat.Italians,saysCounihan,traditionallybeganthedaywithasmallmeal.Thebigmealcameataround1.Inbetweenthemiddaymealandalate,smallerdinnercameasmallsnack.Today,whentimezoneshavelessandlessm

36、eaning,thereislittletoleranceforofficesclosingforlunch,andworseningtrafficincitiesmeansworkerscantmakeithomeandbackfastenoughanyway.Sotheformerlysmallsupperaftersundownbecomesthebigmealoftheday.theonlyoneatwhichthefamilyhasachancetogettogether.Theeveningmealcarriesthefullburdenthatusedtobespreadover

37、twomealssaysCounihan.dowelearnfromthepassageaboutpeopleinpre-industrialEurope?hadtoworkfromearlymorningtilllateatnight.weresobusyworkingthattheyonlyatesimplemeals.dailyroutinefollowedtherhythmofthenaturalcycle.lifewasmuchmorecomfortablethanthatoftoday.doesProfessorCaroleCounihansayabout.pre-industri

38、alEuropeanfamilieseatingmealstogether?washelpfultomaintaininganationstradition.broughtfamilymemberscloserstoeachother.wascharacteristicoftheagrarianculture.enabledfamiliestosavealotofmoney.doesculturalmetabolism(Line1,Para.3)referto?gress.oflife.doestheauthorthinkofthefoodp

39、eopleeattoday?qualityisusuallyguaranteed.isvaried,ductiondependstoomuchontechnology.doestheauthorsayaboutItaliansoftheolddays.enjoyedcookingaswellaseating.ateabigdinnerlateintheevening.atethreemealsregularlyeveryday.wereexpertatcookingmeal

40、s.PartIVTranslation（30minutes）Directions：Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish。YoushouldwriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET2。烏鎮(zhèn)是浙江的一座古老水鎮(zhèn)，坐落在京杭大運(yùn)河畔。這是一處迷人的地方，有好多古橋、中式酒店和餐館。在過去的一千年里，烏鎮(zhèn)的水系和生活方式并未經(jīng)歷多少變化，是一座展現(xiàn)古文明的博物館。烏鎮(zhèn)所有房屋都用石木建筑。數(shù)百年來，當(dāng)?shù)厝搜刂优辖ㄆ鹆俗√幒图?。無數(shù)廣闊美麗的庭院安家于屋舍之間，游客

41、們每到一處都會(huì)有驚喜的發(fā)現(xiàn)。參照答案參照范文：DearMary，IwouldliketotakethisopportunitytoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoyouforyourhelpwhenIwasindifficulty。Youhavebeenverykindandhelpfulsincewekneweachother。Lastweek，Icaughtabadcoldandhadtostayathomeforaweek。WhenIwasworryingaboutthelessons，youcametomyhomeafterschoolandhelpedmewitheverysubject。Withyourhelp，Ididntfallbehindothers。Again