1、2021/8/9 星期一1虛擬語氣 The Subjunctive Mood2021/8/9 星期一2虛擬語氣1） 概念 虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。2） 在條件句中的應(yīng)用 條件句可分為兩類，一類為真實(shí)條件句，一類為非真實(shí)條件句。非真實(shí)條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。2021/8/9 星期一31 真實(shí)條件句真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語氣，假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，其中 if 是如果的意思。時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系句型： 條件從句 主句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) shall/will + 動詞原形If he comes, he will bring hi

2、s violin.The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained答案B。真實(shí)條件句主句為將來時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。2021/8/9 星期一4注意：1） 在真實(shí)條件句中，主句不能用be going to表示將來，該用shall, will. (錯(cuò)) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (對) If you leave now, you will never regret it.2） 表示真理時(shí)，主句

3、謂語動詞便不用shall (will) +動詞原形，而直接用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的動詞形式。2021/8/9 星期一52 非真實(shí)條件句1）時(shí)態(tài)：可以表示過去，現(xiàn)在和將來的情況。它的基本特點(diǎn)是時(shí)態(tài)退后。a. 同現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型 ： 條件從句主句 一般過去時(shí)should( would) +動詞原形 If they were here, they would help you.b. 表示于過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)。句型： 條件從句 主句過去完成時(shí) should(would) have+ 過去分詞 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.The r

4、ice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. 2021/8/9 星期一6 If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.含義：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.If he had not been

5、 ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.含義： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.c. 表示對將來的假想句型： 條件從句 主句 一般過去時(shí) should+ 動詞原形 were+ 不定式 would + 動詞原形should+ 動詞原形2021/8/9 星期一7 If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succee

6、d, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.3 混合條件句 主句與從句的動作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，這時(shí)主，從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這叫做混合條件句。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）If it had rained last night (過去), it would be very cold today (現(xiàn)在).20

7、21/8/9 星期一84 虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Should it rain, the crops would

8、be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. =If it should rain,the crops would be saved. =If it were to rain,the crops would be saved.2021/8/9 星期一9注意： 在虛擬語氣的從句中，動詞be的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就會去找他。If he were here, everything would be

9、 all right. 如果他在這兒，一切都會好的。典型例題_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個(gè)詞主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Werent I to do.2021/8/9 星期一105 特殊的虛擬語氣詞：sh

10、ould1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動詞要用should 加動詞原形， should 可省略。句型：(1)suggestedIt is (2)importantthat+ (should) do(3) a pity(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strangea pity, a shame, no wo

11、nder.(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.2021/8/9 星期一112）在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動詞后面的從句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a

12、meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.注意： 如suggest, insist不表示建議 或堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)，即它們用于其本意暗示、表明、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.2021/8/9 星期一12判斷改錯(cuò): You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I

13、insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.（F）(T)(F)(T)3）在表語從句，同位語從句中的應(yīng)用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即（should）+動詞原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a me

14、eting next week.2021/8/9 星期一136 wish的用法1）用于wish后面的從句，表示與事實(shí)相反的情況，或表示將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其賓語從句的動詞形式為： 真實(shí)狀況wish后 從句動作先于主句動詞動作現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去時(shí)（be的過去式為 were） 從句動作與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)（had + 過去分詞）將來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望將來時(shí)would/could +動詞原形2021/8/9 星期一14I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一樣高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他沒講那樣的話。I wish i

15、t would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do表達(dá)法。 wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. = I want the manager to be informed at once.2021/8/9 星期一157 比較if only與only ifonly if表示只有；if only則表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陳述語氣。I wake up o

16、nly if the alarm clock rings. 只有鬧鐘響了，我才會醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.當(dāng)時(shí)鬧鐘響了，就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早點(diǎn)回來.2021/8/9 星期一16 8. It is (high) time thatIt is (high) time that 后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用should加動詞原形，但should不可省略。It is time that the children went to bed.It is high time that the children shoul

17、d go to bed.2021/8/9 星期一179 need 不必做和本不該做didnt need to do表示： 過去不必做某事, 事實(shí)上也沒做。.neednt have done表示： 過去不必做某事, 但事實(shí)上做了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她不必步行回家了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. 約翰開車去車站接瑪麗，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，沒有遇上John的車。)2021/8/9 星期一18典型例題There was