1、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯英語中的正常語序應(yīng)該是主語在前，謂語動(dòng)詞在后。但有時(shí)候?yàn)榱吮硎緩?qiáng)調(diào)，或者達(dá)到某種特殊的修辭效果，會(huì)把部分或整個(gè)謂語置于主語之前，構(gòu)成“部分倒裝”或“全部倒裝”的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)。一 否定詞引起的倒裝某些具有否定意義的副詞，如never，not only，not once，rarely，scarcely，hardly，little等置于句首時(shí)，會(huì)引起倒裝。這種情況可以還原正常語序后再進(jìn)行翻譯。舉例Never before had I seen such a magnificent exhibition.我從來沒有見過如此壯觀的展覽。only后面直接跟狀語，若置于句首，也會(huì)引起倒裝。舉例On

2、ly here were the police visible in any strength at all.只有在這里才能看到寥寥幾名警察。外刊中的此類倒裝句較為復(fù)雜，可以先從簡單的入手。句子1: I will never visit that place. 倒序：Never will I visit that place.（否定副詞never置于句首后，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will移到主語I前面）句子2 : She seldom goes out for dinner. 改為倒裝就是Seldom does she go out for dinner.（把否定副詞seldom置于句首后，補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞doe

3、s放在主語she的前面，謂語動(dòng)詞go用原形）類似的還有She cares little for the new law.（Little does she care for the new law.）句子3: The mother did not leave the room until the baby fell asleep . 倒序：Not until the baby fell asleep did his mother leave the room.（這里是否定副詞not+句子置于句首，后面句子部分倒裝，即助動(dòng)詞did提到主語his mother前面）接下來看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人中的句子例句一：“

4、Not since the boom of the late 1990s have technology firms inspired such exuberant trading.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20200918期Finance & economics板塊文章Altered vistas）分析：這是否定副詞not+時(shí)間狀語狀語since the boom of the late 1990s置于句首引起的部分倒裝簡單還原成technology firms have not inspired such exuberant trading since the boom of the late 19

5、90s. 說得過去，但是表達(dá)上不夠自然，私以為稍加修改為No technology firm has inspired such exuberant trading since the boom of the late 1990s更好，改了語序以后理解起來就輕松多了，這句話說的是，經(jīng)歷了九十年代末的繁榮后，科技公司還未曾有過如此的交易盛況。例句二：“Never before have so many African artists burst into the global mainstream together.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20200918期Books & arts板塊文章Africa

6、goes pop）分析：否定副詞never+時(shí)間狀語before置于句首引起的部分倒裝這句話不可以簡單地還原成so many people have never burst into the global mainstream together before. 語句不通順，應(yīng)還原成there have never been so many African artists bursting into the global mainstream together before.（以前從未有如此多的非洲藝人同時(shí)進(jìn)入世界主流娛樂圈）二 條件和讓步狀語從句中的倒裝有些引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句、尤其是在虛擬語氣

7、中，可以省略，引起部分倒裝。有些讓步狀語從句、為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，可以把表語或者部分謂語前置引起倒裝。翻譯這些句子時(shí)，也需要先還原正常語序，再進(jìn)行翻譯。舉例Had I known，Id never have gone there.要是我知道，我肯定不會(huì)去那里了。Strange though it may seem，he still loves her.盡管似乎有點(diǎn)奇怪，他竟然還愛著她。例句：“Were it not for a handful of tech giants like Apple and Microsoft, the S&P 500, another share-price index

8、, would be down so far this year.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20200918期Finance & economics板塊文章Altered vistas）分析：這是虛擬條件句的倒裝并且省略了引導(dǎo)詞if，were it not for一般可以理解為要不是因?yàn)?，如果不是正序：If it were not for a handful of tech giants like Apple and Microsoft, the S&P 500, another share-price index, would be down so far this year. （直譯成“如果不是因?yàn)?/p>

9、像蘋果和微軟這樣的少數(shù)幾個(gè)科技巨頭，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)（另一種股票行市指數(shù)）在今年是會(huì)下跌的?！币馑忌线^得去，但是語言上不夠自然。私以為譯成“正是因?yàn)橄裉O果和微軟這樣的少數(shù)幾個(gè)科技巨頭，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)普爾500指數(shù)（另一種股票行市指數(shù)）才沒有在今年下跌?！备?，也更符合語境）補(bǔ)充：如果虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were、should或had，可將引導(dǎo)詞if省略，再把were、should或had移到從句句首，從而變成倒裝句。從句中動(dòng)詞“be”的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用“were”。三 修辭中的倒裝有時(shí)候，為了達(dá)到某種生動(dòng)的修辭效果，可以把狀語或者分詞和表語提到句首來引起倒裝。這一類倒裝，為了保持同樣的修辭效果，一般

10、可以按照原句語序進(jìn)行翻譯。舉例At the top of the hill stood the tiny chapel.在山頂上鑫立著那座小教堂。Standing beside the table was an interpreter.站在桌子旁的是一位口譯員。四 為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)的全部倒裝例句一：“Here lies the danger in the infusion of monetary and fiscal policy.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20191011期Leaders板塊文章The world economys new strange rules）（正序：The danger in

11、 the infusion of monetary and fiscal policy lies here.）例句二：“Then came streaming services such as Spotify and Apple Music, as well as Netflix and IROKOTV, which hosts Nollywood films.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20200918期Books & arts板塊文章Africa goes pop）（正序：Streaming services, as well as Netflix and IROKOTV, came then.）分析

12、：以地點(diǎn)副詞here，there和時(shí)間副詞now，then開頭，后面的動(dòng)詞是be，lie，come，stand（表移動(dòng)或動(dòng)態(tài)的不及物動(dòng)詞）等，而主語又是名詞時(shí),構(gòu)成完全倒裝。注：如果主語是代詞，則不倒裝。如Here it comes. Here I am.五 形式倒裝例句：“The battered minibuses on the streets of capital cities attest to that, emblazoned as they are with the names of English Premier League footballers or American hi

13、p-hop stars.”（選自經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人20200918期Books & arts文章Africa goes pop）分析：正序they are emblazoned with.讀懂這句話需要明白“attest to that”這里的that指代前文“Africa has long been seen an importer of culture”這個(gè)事實(shí)，并不是從句的引導(dǎo)詞，這句話說的是，非洲各國首都街上破敗的小公交涂著英超球星和美國嘻哈明星的名字，很好地說明了非洲是個(gè)文化輸入地。類似用法如：Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.再如：

14、“Many European governments, keen as they are to avoid new tensions with their troublesome neighbor, are breathing a quiet sigh of a relief.” （選自20201001期經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人濃咖啡）與as相關(guān)的倒裝用法補(bǔ)充： 英語倒裝句的作用一般有三大類，一是強(qiáng)調(diào)某一成分；二是表示一定的句子結(jié)構(gòu)；三是使行文流暢。在涉及到形式倒裝（formal inversion）時(shí)（也有人把形式倒裝歸類為部分倒裝），有不少語法資料只講了as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語的倒裝情況（如Rich as they are, they are not happy.），實(shí)際上當(dāng)as表原因時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，也可以倒裝。如：Many European governments, keen as they are to avoid new tensions with their trou