1、初中英語知識點歸納匯總初中英語知識點歸納匯總of 結(jié)構(gòu)也能用于有生命名詞的所有格。a friend of my sistersa book of his第二課時冠 詞（一）一、概述冠詞是一種虛詞，在句子中不重讀，本身不能獨立使用。在漢語中沒有這個詞類。在學(xué)習(xí)冠詞時，要注意這種加在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或事物的詞表示數(shù)量“一”時，與數(shù)詞的區(qū)別；其表示“數(shù)量”的意義沒有“one”強，這是學(xué)習(xí)中注意區(qū)別的。二、冠詞的定義冠詞是置于名詞之前，說明名詞所表示的人或事物的一種虛詞，它不能離開名詞而單獨存在。冠詞有兩種：一種是定冠詞(the Definite Article)；the一種是不定冠詞(th

2、e Indefinite Article). a an三、不定冠詞的用法a 用于輔音音素起首的單詞前，an 用于元音音素起首的單詞前。1、當(dāng)?shù)谝淮翁岬侥橙嘶蚰澄飼r，用 a 或 an 起介紹作用，如：What is this?Who is she?It is a bus.She is a doctor.2、表示泛指一類人或物A snake is a cold-blood animal.A plane is a machine that can fly.3、表示某一類人或事物的任何一個。如：She is a teacher;That is an apple.There is an elephant

3、 in the zoo.4、可用于某些詞組，是該詞組不可缺少的組成部分。如：a long timeat a timea littlehave a trya fewtake a chance5、表示“每一個”的意思。如：three times a day four yuan a dozen6、可用于抽象名詞之前，使抽象名詞具體化。如：I am quite at a loss;The little child is a joy to his parents.7、用于物質(zhì)名詞之前，使物質(zhì)名詞普通化。如：He drew out a tin of pineapple.They made a fire t

4、o get warm.注意：1、不定冠詞 an 用在以元音（不是字母，而是發(fā)音）起首的名詞或其他以元音起首的詞之前，不定冠詞 a 用在以輔音起首的名詞或其他以輔音起首的詞之前。2、u 和 h 有時在單詞中發(fā)元音，有時卻讀作輔音或不發(fā)音。如：I have been waiting for an hour.He is an honest young fellow.A hammer is a useful fool.3、英語中有些字母，如 fhlmnsx。由于它前頭第一個音是元音，所以在單獨使用或作縮略詞的第一個字母時，應(yīng)使用“an”，如：There is an “n” in the word “n

5、o”.An MP means a member of parliament.第三課時 冠 詞（二）第 2 頁 共 41 頁of 結(jié)構(gòu)也能用于有生命名詞的所有格。a friend of一、定冠詞的用法定冠詞 the 有 this, that, these, those 等意思，用于單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。主要用來特指，使一個或幾個事物區(qū)別于所有其他同名的事物。1、指前文已經(jīng)提到過的人或事物。如：I wrote an article. The article was about physics.2、指說話人都知道的人或事物。如：Please close the door before you leave

6、.Lets go to the classroom.3、名詞有定語修飾時，須用定冠詞 the,表示特指意義。如：The book on the desk is his.The teacher who talked with you is her mother.4、用于世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sunthe moonthe earththe skythe world5、用在序數(shù)詞前面表示順序。如：I live on the fourth floor.My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave.6

7、、與其他詞連用，構(gòu)成固定詞組。如：on the left7、在表示樂器名稱的名詞之前用定冠詞。如：the piano the violinin the northin the front of8、用在形容詞或副詞的最高級前面。如：This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had.He is the tallest of us.9、用在形容詞前面，表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的某一類人或事物。如：the richthe newthe poorthe rightthe youngthe truethe livingthe beautiful10、在表示江河、

8、山脈、海灣、海峽、沙漠等專用名詞之前加定冠詞。如：the Changjiang Riverthe Alpsthe Nilethe Himalayas11、用在年代、朝代、時代名詞前。如：the Qin Dynastyin the 50sthe Ming Dynastythe spring period12、和表示姓氏名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用，表示某姓氏一家人或夫婦二人。如：the Listhe Martins二、不用冠詞的情況1、除一些特殊情況外，專用名詞以及抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不加冠詞。如：Man is mortal.Miss Smith came in power at last.2、當(dāng)名詞前已

9、有 this, that, my, his, any, every, some, no, those, these 等詞修飾時或有所有格修飾時，不必加冠詞。如：She is my sister.This article you had written is very wonderful.3、在交通工具、學(xué)科名稱等名詞前不加冠詞。如：by planeby boatChinesePhysics4、在節(jié)日、假日、星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前不加冠詞。如：National DayAutumnMay DayJanuary5、在一日三餐、體育類等名詞前不加冠詞。如：He prefers milk and eg

10、g for breakfast.第 3 頁 共 41 頁一、定冠詞的用法定冠詞 the 有 this, that, He preferred to play football and Id rather play tennis.6、在唯一的職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前不加冠詞。如：He is elected manager of our company.People elected him president of that country last year.7、在報紙標(biāo)題、圖像說明、文章題目、標(biāo)志、廣告前不加冠詞。如：Workers MindNotes on the Study of Hong Lo

11、u Meng8、在一些固定詞組中不加冠詞。如：at homeat firstby seaby mistakeat lastlearn by heartat onceday and night第四課時代 詞（一）一、概述代詞是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞。代詞的分類：人稱代詞：表示“我”、“我們”、“你”“你們”、“他、她、它”、“他們”的詞叫人稱代詞；物主代詞：表示所有關(guān)系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞；反身代詞：表示動作反射到執(zhí)行者本身或用來加強語氣的代詞；指示代詞：表示能替代名詞或替代形容詞的詞；不定代詞：表示不指明替代任何特定名詞的代詞。疑問代詞：表示替代人或物且含有疑問語氣

12、的代詞。二、人稱代詞人第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)稱數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)we單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)you復(fù)數(shù)they格主格Iyouyouhe, she, ithim, her,it賓格meusyouthem人稱代詞在句中可作主語、賓語、表語。1、主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作賓語。She gave these books to you and me;You must look after them;2、當(dāng)并列代詞作主語時，I 放在最后。順序為你，他，我You, he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing.三、物主代詞物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞

13、和名詞性物主代詞兩種，有人稱和數(shù)不清變化形式。第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱單數(shù)人稱數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)our單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)your復(fù)數(shù)their類別形容詞性名詞性myyourhis, her, itshis, hers,itsmineoursyoursyourstheirs第 4 頁 共 41 頁He preferred to play football 形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語修飾名詞，如：my watch; your books ; their names;名詞性物主代詞在句中可單獨作用，可作主語、賓語和表語，后面不跟名詞，英語中說：“我的一位朋友”，要用“a friend of mine”。有些結(jié)構(gòu)中

14、常用 the 替代物主代詞He had a cold in the head.（the 意思是 his）My mother took me by the arm. （the 意思是 her）四、反身代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself; herself; itselfthemselvesourselvesyourselves反身代詞在句中可以加強語氣，用作賓語和同位語。He himself has finished it .（作同位語）He has taught himself Russian for 5 years .（作賓語）I did it mysldf. （加強語氣）

15、某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)：by oneself; fo oneself; among themselvesThey made the machine all by themselves.He cooked a meal for himself.第五課時代 詞（二）一、指示代詞指示代詞有：this; that; these; thosethis, these 表示“這”、“這些”，是“近指”。that, those 表示“那”、“那些”，是“遠指”。注意：在電話用語里面，用 this 代替自己，that 代替對方。如：whos that?This is Tom speaking二、不定代詞英語中有以下不定代

16、詞：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little(a little), few(a few), many,much, other, another, some, any, no 還有由 some, any , no every 構(gòu)成的代詞。1）both, allboth 是指“兩者都”，而 all 則是指“三者或三者以上都”，如：Both of us are right.All of you are good at playing basketball.但 all 還可以組成固定短語 all day, all this,

17、all the time 等2) either, neithereither 是指“兩者之中任何一個“屬于部分否定，而 neither 則是“兩者之中一個也不“屬全部否定Either of the books will do.Neither of the answers is right.而 either 還可出現(xiàn)在否定句子里，可與 neither 進行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Tom hasnt been to America, Jim hasnt, either= Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America.而 neither (nor) 也可用于表示“也不”，構(gòu)成

18、“neither (nor) +助動詞+主語”的句式。Kate isnt a worker, neither is Meimei.3) little, a little, few, a few第 5 頁 共 41 頁形容詞性物主代詞只能作定語修飾名詞，如：名詞性物主代詞在句中l(wèi)ittle, a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞； few , a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞；little, few 表示否定，“幾乎沒有”a little, a few 表示肯定，相當(dāng)于 some, any.There is a little milk in the glass.There are few students

19、in the classroom, theyre in the reading-room.4) every, eachevery, each 都是強調(diào)每一個，every 作定語修飾名詞。如：The bus comes every five minutes.Each of them may come at a different time.5) some , any6) 由 some, any, no, every 組成的不定代詞something, someone, somebody, somewhere, anything, anyone, anybody, anywhere, nothin

20、g, none, nobody,nowhere, everything,everyone, everybody, everywhere.三、疑問代詞疑問代詞用來構(gòu)成疑問句，一共有五個：who, whom, whose, what, which.第六課時 數(shù) 詞一、基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量oneeleventwentythirtyfortytwenty-onethirty-eightfifty-threea hundreda thousanda milliona billiontwotwelvethreefourfivesixthirteenfourteenfifteenfiftysixtysixt

21、eenseventeeneighteennineteenseventyeightyninetyseveneightnineten注意：表示具體數(shù)目的 hundren, thousand, million 等均不用復(fù)數(shù)，百位數(shù)和十位數(shù)之間通常加連詞and；十位數(shù)與個位數(shù)之間要加連字符。二、序數(shù)詞firsteleventhtwentieththirtiethfortiethtwenty-firstninety-nintya hundred and fifty-thirdsecondthirdtwelfththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthfourthfifthfiftiet

22、hsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenthseventietheightiethninetiethhundredthseventheighthninthtenth序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式：由阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上序數(shù)詞的最后兩個字母。first-1st second - 2nd tenth - 10th三、時間和年月日表示法1、時間均用基數(shù)詞表示：1）順讀法，先說“點鐘”，再說“分鐘”，如：第 6 頁 共 41 頁little, a little 修飾不可數(shù)名詞； few 2:15 two fifteen2）逆讀法30 分鐘以內(nèi)：“分鐘數(shù)+

23、past +鐘點數(shù)”，如：6:20six twenty3:20 - twenty past three2:10 - ten past two半小時用 half，15 分鐘用 a quarter :2:15 - a quarter past two3:30 - half past three30 分鐘以外要用：“分鐘數(shù)+ to + 下一個鐘點”，如：4:35 - twenty-five to five2:55 - five to three2）年月日表示法年份讀法；月日讀法；年月日一起讀法。四、分數(shù)的表示法當(dāng)分數(shù)中表示分子的數(shù)只含個位數(shù)時一般采用“分子（用基數(shù)詞）+分母（用序數(shù)詞）”表示。（分子

24、大于 1 時，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)）如：one-third; two-thirds; three twenty-seconds五、數(shù)詞與名詞的搭配1）數(shù)詞與名詞連用時，它們的次序是“名詞+基數(shù)詞”Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞”The Fifteenth Lesson2）數(shù)詞與小時的搭配two hours and a halfhalf an hourthe third floorthree hours第七課時 形容詞一、概述形容詞修飾名詞，說明人或事物或特征。在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補足語。The beautiful girl is Toms si

25、ster.（充當(dāng)定語）Three is nothing serious, is there?（充當(dāng)定語，修飾不定代詞的形容詞及短語要放在不定代詞之后）The shoes in the shop were not very expensive.（作表語）The old are looked after well.（有些形容詞和定冠詞 the 連用時，表示一類人或物，其謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式）二、形容詞比較級及最高級的形式1、絕大部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和單音節(jié)形容詞的比較等級變化是規(guī)則變化。情況變 化 形 式在詞尾直接加-er ; -est在詞尾加 r ; - st ;舉例一般情況以 e 結(jié)尾的詞small

26、 - smaller - smallestlarge - larger - largesthappy- happier- happiestfat fatter fattest以輔音字母+y 結(jié)尾變 y 為 i，加- er; -est以一個元音字母加一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，而且是重讀閉音節(jié)將該輔音字母雙寫，再加thin thinner thinnestbig bigger biggesthot hotter - hottest-er ; -est2、部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞比較級和最高級變化形式在多音節(jié)形容詞前加 more 或 mostbeautiful more beautiful most bea

27、utifuluseful more useful most useful3、不規(guī)則形容詞比較級和最高級形式：good, well better bestbad, ill worse worstlittle less leastmany, much more mostfar farther, further farthest, furthest三、形容詞的比較等級的用法1、當(dāng) A=B 時，則用 as（副）as（介，連），中間用形容詞或副詞的原級。表示甲與乙在某方第 7 頁 共 41 頁2:15 two fifteen6:20six twenty面一樣He is as tall as I (me)

28、2、AB，則用 not as(so)as 表示甲與乙在某方面不一樣。He is not so tall as I = He is shorter than I =Im taller than heThe boy isnt as careful as that one= This boy isnt as careful than that one3、比較級+than 形式This lesson is more difficult than that oneShe is fatter than Kate4、the+最高級+(in of)短語Miss Zhou is one of the most

29、popular in our classHe is the oldest of the threeof 常與名詞復(fù)數(shù)或表示數(shù)量的詞連用。表示“在之中”這一。in 常與表示范圍或場所的名詞連用“在范圍之中”四、形容詞比較級特殊用法1）more and more 比較級連用表示“越來越”In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer.He is getting busier and busier.2）The more the more 越就越The larger the bus is , the more people it can carry.The f

30、arther away an object is from us, the smaller it looks.3）比較級形式表達最高級：比較級+than any other+名詞單數(shù)；比較級+than the other+名詞復(fù)數(shù)He is clever than any other boy- He is the clevest of all the boys- He is clever than the other boys4、修飾比較級的副詞有 much, even , quite , a little, a lot 等表示“得多”“甚至”，表示程度。第八課時 副 詞一、概述副詞是用來修飾

31、動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的詞，表示動作的特征、狀態(tài)的特征或某種性質(zhì)的程度。二、副詞的分類時間副詞、地點副詞、方式副詞、疑問副詞及程度副詞。1、時間副詞：時間副詞表達的內(nèi)涵包括回答“什么時候”或“經(jīng)常與否”A: how, then, yesterday, last time, today, just now, later on, so far, ago;B: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever;C: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at

32、first, since;2、地點副詞：表示地點或位置關(guān)系的副詞。A: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere;B: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round, away, near;注：B 類中表示位置的副詞有時也可作介詞。如：come in, please- They live in the next room.3、方式副詞：badly, carefully ,politely, sadly, suddenly, happily. well, fast, high, hard

33、.4、 程度副詞：常見的有: much, a little, a bit, very, even, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely,terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。這些副詞多用來修飾形容詞、副詞或動詞以加強語氣。5、 疑問副詞：是用來引導(dǎo)一個特殊問句，有時用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句或賓語從句。疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why, who6、部分副詞的用法：第 8 頁 共 41 頁面一樣He is as tall as I (me)2、A1）too, either, also 都是表示“

34、也”。too 和 either 都用于句末，too 用于肯定句中，either 用于否定句及一般疑問句中，also 放在句子中，BE 動詞前，實義動詞后。2）so, neither 都可以用在倒裝句的開頭。so 接在肯定句后表示“也一樣”，句式：so+助動詞+主語；neither 接在一個否定句后面表示“也不，沒.”句式：neither+助動詞+主語I have read the book, so has he.Jim didnt win the game, neither did Tom.3）already, yetalready 和 yet 通常用于現(xiàn)在完成時中，already 用于肯定句

35、，yet 用于否定句和疑問句中。He has already finished his homework.Jim hasnt come back yet.7、副詞的比較等級副詞和形容詞一樣，也有比較級和最高級，其變化形式與形容詞的比較比較級和最高級一樣。第九課時 介 詞一、知識概述介詞是一種虛詞，一般在句子中不重讀，也不能單獨充當(dāng)句子成分，但與它的介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，就可以在句子中作狀語、定語和表語。介詞又稱前置詞，一般位于名詞或代詞的前面，表示該詞與句子其他成分的關(guān)系。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時，最重要的是掌握介詞的用法，動介詞組的搭配，時間介詞、方位介詞、方向介詞、位置介詞、成語介詞以及動向介詞和

36、靜向介詞的比較和區(qū)別。二、介詞的定義及句法功能介詞是一種虛詞，在句中不單獨作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞語與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。介詞后的名詞，或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞組、短語或從句，稱為介詞賓語。介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語。介詞短語在句中主要用作定語、狀語、表語和賓語補足語。The boy over there is my brother.（作定語）A friend in need is a friend indeed.（作定語）I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.（作地點狀語）To their surprise

37、, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.（作原因狀語）Ill be in the office every afternoon.（作表語）He isnt at home（作表語）The farmer made the king out of the water.（作賓語補足語）I found everything in good order（作賓語補足語）三、介詞與其他詞類的固定搭配。介詞和動詞、形容詞、名詞等常構(gòu)成固定搭配。也就是說，在這些詞的后面，常常要求用一定的介詞。1、形容詞與介詞的固定搭配有些形容詞后面要求用固定的介詞，這類介詞常見的有：about,

38、 at, for, from, in, of, to, with（1） 形容詞+aboutcareful abouthopeful aboutsure aboutHe is careless about his clothes（2）形容詞 +atgood atsurprised atready forangry atsorry for（3）形容詞 + forfamous forIm terrible sorry for telling him the truth.第 9 頁 共 41 頁1）too, either, also 都是表示“也”。to（4）形容詞 + fromdifferent f

39、romsafe fromHe was absent from class this morningMy sister is different from me in many ways.（5）形容詞 + ininterested insuccessful inHe is interested in making model ships.2、名詞與介詞的固定搭配（1）名詞 + forHe made up an excuse for being late.Did you find the cause for your failure?（2）名詞 + inHe has some difficulty

40、 in translating the bookShe has made great progress in English.（3）名詞 + ofShe found another way of solving the problemHe forms a bad habit of getting up late（4）名詞 + onThere have been several attacks on foreigners recently.Have pity on me!（5）名詞 + withI wanted to have a talk with youHe is always gettin

41、g into trouble with the police第十課時連 詞一、知識概述連詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中單獨作句子成分，也沒有句子重音，在句子中只起連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句子與句子以及從句的作用。連詞分為并列連詞和從屬連詞兩種。并列連詞是連接彼此并列關(guān)系的詞。從屬連詞是用來引導(dǎo)從句的詞。二、并列連詞并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或句子。并列連詞按其作用可分為表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、選擇和聯(lián)合關(guān)系等四大類。表示聯(lián)合關(guān)系的連詞，常見的有：and, not onlybut also, as well as, bothand, neithernor.Written English is m

42、ore or less the same in both Britain and American.They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing.Work hard and youll pass the exam=If you work hard, youll pass the exam.While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.Both European and Asian speak RussiaYou can

43、t speak both American English and British English at the same time.Neither Tom nor you are a driver.Neither I nor he has seen the play.Neither of us is a teacherYou dont like it, Neither do I .She is beautiful as well as clever.He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor.三、從屬連詞從屬連詞是用來連接各種從句的詞1、連

44、接主語從句、表語從句與賓語從句的連詞只有三個，即 that, if, whether。如：第 10 頁 共 41 頁（4）形容詞 + fromdifferent fromsafAsk her if she will come with me.The reason is that she never wasted her time.I dont know whether he had passed the exam.2、引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞(1) 連接時間狀語從句的從屬連詞有：since, until, after, before, when, while, as soon as, whene

45、ver.Ill tell you as soon as I know.(2) 連接地點狀語從句的從屬連詞有: where, whereverSit wherever you like.I found my books where I had left them.(3) 連接讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞有：although, though, even if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working.(4) 連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because h

46、e was ill.(5) 連接目的狀語從句的從屬連詞有：that, so that, in order that.He raised his voice so that we could hear him.(6) 連接條件狀語從句的從屬連詞有：if, unless, once, in case.Youll miss the train unless you hurry up.(7) 連接結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞有：sothat, suchthat.He came so late that he missed the class.(8) 連接比較狀語從句的從屬連詞有：asas, not soas

47、, less(more)than, the theThis is more than I can accept.(9) 連接方式狀語從句的從屬連詞有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第十一課時動 詞（一）一、知識概述在英語中，每個句子必須有一個動詞來擔(dān)當(dāng)謂語。說明主語“是什么”或“做什么”，動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞。動詞和名詞、代詞一樣，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)一般要與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。學(xué)好了英語動詞相當(dāng)于學(xué)好了一半的英語語法，可見英語動詞的重要性。在初中英語中，動詞的分類、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)以及動詞的各種形式之間的聯(lián)系

48、，非謂語動詞的構(gòu)成、用法等等貫穿整個初中課本，包括英語句型都離不開動詞時態(tài)或語態(tài)，因此在學(xué)習(xí)時特別要注意英語中時態(tài)的運用和語態(tài)之間的區(qū)別。二、動詞的分類及作用按照動詞的詞義和在句中的作用，英語動詞可分為行為動詞（又叫實義動詞）、連系動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。1、行為動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，能獨立作謂語。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。（1）及物動詞及物動詞后面必須跟賓語，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece

49、of cake.常見的能帶兩個賓語的動詞有：第 11 頁 共 41 頁Ask her if she will come with bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell,show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物動詞本身詞義完整，后面不要求跟賓語。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in bed and began

50、her book.2、連系動詞（1）本身有詞義，不能在句子中單獨作謂語，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常見的連系動詞有：be,look, get, feel, sound, turn, smell, taste, become.My father is an engineer.My brother has become a doctor.It seems that he was a millionaire.I dont feel very well today.（2）表示感覺知覺的動詞可以是連系動詞，如 feel, touch, sound, smell.I can smell the sea.Th

51、e customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases.I feel a pain in the arm.She looked worried about it.3、動詞與介詞的固定搭配動詞與介詞的搭配主要指下列兩種形式：（1）動詞+賓語+介詞The song always reminds me of my school days.Parents usually expect a lot of their children.I often take her for her sister.He hide everything from me.T

52、he headmaster praised the boy for his courage.They supplied people with enough food and drink.They presented us with a lot of flowers.The man was charged with mueder.（2）動詞+反身代詞+介詞dress oneself in;prepare oneself forpride oneself ongive oneself toHe gives himself to pop music.She always dresses herse

53、lf in white.第十二課時動 詞（二）一、動詞的形式大多數(shù)動詞有四種基本形式：1、現(xiàn)在式；2、過去式；3、過去分詞；4、現(xiàn)在分詞；現(xiàn)在式是字典中所給的形式，也可稱為動詞原形。按照動詞各種形式的構(gòu)成方法，動詞可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞兩類。1、第三人稱單數(shù)形式；加-s 的規(guī)則動詞一般現(xiàn)在時單數(shù)第三人稱形式的構(gòu)成和名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成法及讀音完全一樣。情況變化形式例詞一般情況加-shelps makes gets以 s,x,ch,sh,o 結(jié)尾的名詞加-esguesses fixes goes washesflies cries tries studies以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的名詞變 y 為

54、i, 加 es第 12 頁 共 41 頁bring, build, buy, cook, cut, 2、動詞的過去式和過去分詞：構(gòu)成動詞-ed 形式的規(guī)則。（1）規(guī)則變化的過去式和過去分詞的構(gòu)成是一樣的。都加-ed。構(gòu)成規(guī)則一般在動詞原形末尾加 ed結(jié)尾是 e 的動詞加 d動詞原形look playlive hope變化后looked playedlived hopedstudied carried以輔音字母加 y 的動詞，改 y 為 i study carry加 ed重讀閉音節(jié)的，又寫最后一個輔音 stop drop字母，再加 edfitstopped droppedfitted（2）不規(guī)則

55、動詞的過去式及過去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的，可以查不規(guī)則動詞變化形式表。 有些動詞的三種形式一樣。如：bet ;cut;burst;hit;cast;hurt;cost;let;read;shut;spread 下面是一些易誤用的不規(guī)則動詞bear, bore, bornbite, bit, bittenblow, blew, blowndraw, drew, drawnfly, flew, flowndrink, drank, drunk eat, ate, eatenhide, hid, hiddenride, rode, riddenlend, lent, lentrise, rose, r

56、isenmean, meant, meantshake, shook, shakenthrow, threw, thrownswim, swam, swumtear, tore, tornwear, wore, worn3、英語動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，一般在動詞末尾加-ing。變化形式規(guī)則例詞一般情況加 inggoing asking以不發(fā)音的 e 結(jié)尾的以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的以 ie 結(jié)尾的去 e,再加 ingwriting closinggetting beginningdying lying tying雙寫最后一個輔音字母，再加 ing先將 ie 變?yōu)?y，再加 ing第十三課時動 詞（三）教學(xué)重點

57、一、助動詞助動詞本身沒有詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)等語法形式，或用來加強語氣。常用的助動詞有:be, do, have, shall, will 等。它們的具體用法如下：（1）助動詞 beA. 可用于構(gòu)成進行時態(tài)She is doing her homework now.I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon.B. 可用于構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)The baby was put in bed by his mother.The invitation was received yesterday.

58、C. 可與動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語第 13 頁 共 41 頁2、動詞的過去式和過去分詞：構(gòu)成動詞-ed 形式的規(guī)則。（1These books are not to be taken out of the room.She is to arrive at six this morning.（2）助動詞 haveA. 構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)I have not seen him for three years.How long has your uncle taught in the village?He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he cam

59、e to England.B. 和動詞不定式構(gòu)成謂語，表示因客觀環(huán)境促使不得不做的事情She had to go shopping yesterday.（3）助動詞 doA. 構(gòu)成疑問句和否定句Did anyone sharpen this knife?I dont think you are right.B用來加強語氣I do want to have a talk with youDo come and see me.C用來代替動詞詞組Have you finished your work?Yes, I did yesterday.He plays basketball well. So

60、does his brother.（4）助動詞 shall構(gòu)成將來時態(tài)，單純表示未來情況I shall not be back tonight.We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month.（5）助動詞 will構(gòu)成將來時，用于第一、二、三人稱。如：They will move to a new house.She will not eat any solid food.注意：（1）have to 與 must 的區(qū)別must 是情態(tài)動詞，意思是“必須”、“應(yīng)該”、“一定要”，后接動詞原形。Must 的否定形式為mustnt.構(gòu)成疑問句時