1、2014上海中考英語首字母填空專項練習(xí)（一）Sleepisnotthesameeverynight.Weexperiencesomedeepsleepandsomeactivesleep(踴躍睡眠),whichiswhendreamshappen.Youmightthinksleepwalking(夢游)wouldhappeninactivesleep,butapersonisntphysicallyactived86activesleep.Sleepwalkingusuallyhappensinthefirstfewhoursofsleepinthestagecalledslow-wave(

2、慢波)ordeepsleep.Notallsleepwalkersa87walk.Somesimplysituporstandinbedoractliketheyreawakewhen,infact,theyreasleep!Most,however,dogetupandmovearoundforafewsecondsorforaslongashalfanhour.Sleepwalkerse88areopen,buttheydontseethesamewaytheydowhentheyreawakeandoftenthinktheyreindifferentroomsofthehouseord

3、ifferentplacesaltogether.Sleepwalkerstend(常常會)togobacktobedontheirownandtheywontr89itinthemorning.Doctorssaysleepwalkingsometimesoccurswhenapersonissick,hasafever,isnotgettinge90sleep,orisstressed.Ifsleepwalkingoccursfrequently,everynightorso,itsagoodideaforyourmomordadtotakeyoutoseeyourdoctor.Butoc

4、casional(有時的)sleepwalkinggenerallyisntsomethingtoworryabout,a91itmaylookfunnyorevenscary(驚慌的)forthepeoplewhoseeasleepwalkerinaction.Itsimportant,ofcourse,thatthepersoniskeptsafe.Precautions(預(yù)防舉措)shouldbet92sothepersonislesslikelytofalldown,runintosomething,orwalkoutthefrontdoorwhilesleepwalking.（二）E

5、veryoneneedssleep.Infact,alllivingthingsneedsleep.Havingasoundandgoodrestm_86_ushealthy.Itisbelievedthatourbraindevelopsbestduringsleep.Ithelpsalloursystemsworkwellw_87_weareawake.Sleepallowsourbraintoreorganizealleventsduringthedayandwillimproveourmemorydevelopment.Forastudent,eighttotenhoursofslee

6、pisrequiredtogivehimorhere_88_forthefollowingday.Agoodsleepallowsthemtogrowphysicallyandmentally(心理上).Withe_89_sleepatnight,studentswouldbeabletowakeupearlyandbereadyforschoolactivities.Theywillbeabletolistencarefullyinclassandwouldhavetheabilitytomemorizethethingsthattheylearnandr_90_theminthefutur

7、e.Eighthoursofsleepmakesstudentsactivet_91_thewholedayatschool.Theywouldbeabletoperformwellinclass,takedownnotesandfinishtheirhomework.Whentheyhavesleptwell,theycane_92_understandtheirlessons.Goodsleeppreparesthemwellforthechallenges(挑戰(zhàn))atschool,frompaperworktosports.Theywillbereadytosolvedifficultt

8、asksthatrequirementalabilityandskills.（三）Anger(生氣)isakindoffeeling.Manythingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantgame,whenyourfriendb_86_yourfavouritethingandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry.Usually,yourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbrea

9、themuchf_87_,yourfaceturnsredandyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone,butsometimes,youhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourh_88_.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.Infact,itsnotgoodtohideyouranger,anditsnormalforyoutogetangrysometimes.Butangermustbeletoutinther

10、ightway,withouthurtingo_89_oryourself.Letmegiveyousomeadvice.Whenyougetangry,youcantalkaboutitwithotherpeople.Itshelpfultotalkaboutyourangerwithotherpeople,suchasp_90_,teachers,goodfriendsetc.Whenyoutalkaboutanger,thoseb_91_feelingscanstarttogoaway.Ontheotherhand,whenyoustarttofeelangry,youcandosome

11、otherthings:countfrom1to100;goforabikeride;thinkaboutgoodthings,etc.Dontletyourangerc92you.Rememberthathowyouactwhenyouareangercanmakeeverythingbetterorworse.（四）Inthemiddleofthe1800s,Francewasconsideredthemostimportantplaceintheworldforart.OnereasonforthatwastheAcademy,agovernmentorganizationwithsom

12、estrictr_86_aboutart.Itdecidedwhatcouldandcouldnotbeart.InordertobeacceptedbytheAcademy,anartisthadtobeverytalented.ArtistsalsohadtopaintexactlythewaytheAcademywantedthemto.Abravegroupofpainterschallenged(挑戰(zhàn))theseideasandchangedartf_87_Eachyear,theAcademyhadanexhibitionofthearttheyhaddecidedwasthebe

13、st.In1864,agroupofartistsbecamea_88_becausetheydidngetintotheshow.Theyfeltthattheirpaintingswerenotbad;thepaintingswerejustdifferent.Aftercomplainingtothegovernment,theseartistsweregiventheirownshow.TheAcademythoughtallartshouldlookrealistic(傳神).Buttheseartistsweremoreinterestedintryingtoshowmovemen

14、tandthebrightcolorsofdaylight.Intheiropinion,itwasmorerealtoshowthesethanitwastopaintascene(場景)whichwasass_89_asaphoto.Itwasalsomoreinterestingtoshowallofthedifferentcolourswhenlighthitsanobjectlikewater.By1874,manydifferentartistswerepaintinginthisnewstyle,includingClaudeMonet.Oneofhispaintingshadt

15、hetitle,Impression:sunrise.Acritic(議論家)h_90_thesenewartists.HeusedMonettitlestomakefunofthesepaintersbycallingthemImpressionists“（印象派）”，meaningthattheydidntmakerealpaintings.Thecriticswholikedtheseartiststhoughtthewordwasjustright.Theybegantouseithappily.Theythoughtitwasmoreimportanttopainth_91_they

16、sawthingsinsteadofjustwhattheysaw.Otherartistsaroundtheworldfeltthattheycouldhavethisfreedomaswell.Becauseoftheimpressionists,theartw_92_wasneverthesame.（五）Oncemymothertoldmeastory.InAfrica,whenanantelope(羚羊)wakesupeverymorning,thefirstthingitthinksaboutis,“Imustbeabletorunfasterthanthefastestlion,o

17、rIwillbek_.”Atthesametime,alionwakesfromhisdream.Thefirstthingthelionthinksaboutis,“Imustbeabletocatchthes_antelope,orIwilldieofhunger.”So,almostatthesametime,theantelopeandtheliongetupandstartrunningtowardtherisingsun.Thisislife:fullofchancesandchallenge(挑戰(zhàn)).Whetheryouareanantelopeoralion,youmustgo

18、a_whenthesunrises.Forstudents,itisjustthesame.Ifwedonotstudyhard,soonerorlater,wewillfallb_theotherstudents.Atfirst,Ididnotknowwhattheword“exam”meant.LaterIknewanexamwasakindofcompecompetitions,therearealwaysw_andlosers.AsIgrewup,Igottoknowcompetitionwell.Inonemustbecompetitions,sopeoplecanimprove.E

19、achtimeIsawchildrenplayinggamesandheardtheirlaughter,IwishedIwerethatageagain.However,Irememberedmyparentswords:“Youmustworkveryhardinordertohaveagoodf_.”SoIpickedupmypenandbegantostudyhardagain.Iwasstillnotsurewhatcompetitionreallymeant.Oneday,IwastakingpartinanEnglish-speakingcompetition.WhenIwent

20、tothestage,Isawotherstudentslookingatmekindly.Is_knewwhatcompetitionwas.Itisnotascruelasmyteacherandparentstoldme.Infact,competitionistheopposite:itiskindandnecessary.Ilearnedalotfromrealizingthisfact.NowIunderstandmoreabouttheworld.Competitionisimportantforusall.（六）Irecentlyheardastoryaboutafamouss

21、cientist.Becauseofhisgreatachievement,hewasthoughttobemorecreativethantheaverageperson.Whenhewasaskw86hewasabletodothis,hegavetheanswer.Itallcamefromane87withhismotherwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.IwastryingtogetabottleofmilkfromthefridgewhenIlostthebottleanditfell,spillingthemilkallovertheflooraseaofmi

22、lk!Iwasf88andIdidntknowwhattodo!hesaid.Hismotherheardthenoiseandgotintothekitchen.“Iwas89chowtoexplainallthistoyou,mom.hesaid.Insteadofpunishing(處罰）him,shesaidRobert,whatagreatmessyouhavemade!Ihaveneverseensuchahugeseaofmilkbefore!Well,sincethemilkhasa90beenspilled,wouldyouliketoplayinthemilkforawhi

23、le?Wecanitupafterthat.Indeed,hedidso.Afterafewminutes,hismothersaid,“Youknow,Robert,wheneveryoumakeamesslikethis,finallyyouhavetocleanitup.Heusedasponge(海綿）andtogethertheycleanedupthespilledmilk.Hismotherthensaid,youknow,wefailedinhowtosuccessfullycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhandsjustnow.Letsgoout

24、intheyardandfillthebottlewithwatertoseeifyoucanf91anewwaytocarryit.Thenthelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhands,hecouldcarryitw92droppingit.Whatawonderfullesson?。ㄆ撸㊣ntheRenaissancePeriod(文藝中興時期)(1500-1650),peoplebecameinterestedinhighereducation.Theywantedtolearnthe

25、a_languagessuchasGreekandLatin-languagesthatwereusedintheoldtimes,andstudymathematics,science,andsoon.Manyuniversitiesweresetupduringthe16thcentury.Universityeducationwasaprivilege(特權(quán))oftherich.Girlswerenotallowedtoattendandpoorpeoplecouldnota_togo.Amemberofawealthyfamilycouldattenduniversityattheag

26、eoften.Hemightstudyindifferentuniversitiesandsincetheteachingwasalld_inLatin,itdidntmatterwhichcountryhestudiedin.ItwasnotunusualforayoungboystudyoneyearinItalyandanotherinFrancewithoutspeakingeitherFrenchorItalian.Itwasp_inthe16thcenturytocompleteuniversitywithoutlearninghowtoreadorwrite.Sincebooks

27、werehandwritten,therewasnotenoughtogiveo_toeachstudent.Often,onlytheteacherhadabook.Hewouldreadtothestudentswhowouldmemorizewhathesaid.Testswereoral,notwritten,Infact,manystudentsfinishedschoolwithouteverwritingaword.Forthenotsowealthy,grammarschoolswerebuiltintowns.Theylearnedbasicgrammarandmathema

28、tics,andtookpartinBiblestudy,Athome,girlslearnedwashing,cooking,dancing,andthebasicsoftakingcareofahousehold.Poorchildrenr_attendedschool.TheRenaissancewasatimewhenlearnersdidnotsimplyacceptwhattheywereold.Theydidscientificexperimentsthemselvestosearchfora_tothemysteries(神奇)ofthespace.Copernicuscalc

29、ulatedthattheEarthturnedaroundthesunbutwasafraidtopublishhisworksforfearthattheChurchwouldpunish(處罰)him.Galileolatersupportedthis.Thewatch,thetelescopeandsomeothersweresomeinventionsofthisperiod.（八）Inthemovie2012,thevolcano(火山)inYellowstoneNationalParkerupts(迸發(fā)),smokefliesthousandsofmetersintotheair

30、,andcar-sizedpiecesofstoneandashflyout.Now,somescientistssay,itsverypossiblethattheYellowstonevolcanowillsooneruptinr86lifeforthefourthtimeinhistory,afterabout640,000years.AccordingtotheDailyMail,thevolcanointheYellowstoneNationalPark,Wyoming,US,hasbeenrisingatarecordratesince2004.Itsmagma(巖漿)surfac

31、ehasgoneu873inches(7.6centimeters)peryearoverthelastthreeyearsalone.Thisriseisoneofthemains88thatavolcanoisabouttoerupt.However,scientistsarenotcertainwhentheeruptionwillhappenorwhatitwillcause.Unlikewhathappensinthemovie2012,avolcanoeruptionwouldnotdestroythewholeworld,b89itcouldcausehugedamagetope

32、oplelivingnearby.Forexample,the2010eruptionoftheIcelandVolcanocausedmorethan800peopleto190theirhomesandmanyairportsinEuropeancountriestoshutdownforafewdays.Therearemorethan1,500activevolcanoesintheworld.Avolcanoisc91activeifithaseruptedatleastonceduringthelast10,000years.Inancienttimes,morethan80per

33、centoftheearthssurfacewasvolcanic.Volcaniceruptionsformedtheseafloorandsomemountainsovermanyyears.Gasfromvolcanoesformedtheearthsatmosphere(大氣).Volcanoescomefromveryhotliquidrock,thatismagma,insidetheearth.Whenmagmacomesupwardandbreaksthroughtheearthssurface,itformsvolcanoes.Therisingmagmaheatswater

34、,whichleadstoexplosionsofsteam.Thispushesrocksandashhighintothesky.T92differentthingseruptfromavolcano;hotliquidrock,volcanicashandgases.（九）Accordingtoexperts,thewordHutongoriginatedfromMongolianlanguagemeaningWell(井).Inancienttimes,peopletendedtogatherandlivearoundwells.SotheoriginalmeaningofHutong

35、shouldbeaplacewherepeoplegatherandlive.ButHutongfirsta_86_inBeijingduringtheYuanDynasty.Theoldcitywascompletelydestroyedduringthewar.First,theyhadtofindacenter,andthenbuiltar_87_squarecity.Atthattime,therewasacleardefinitionfor“Avenue,StreetandHutong-”metre.A-37wideroadwascalledanavenue,an18-metre-w

36、ideonewascalledastreet,anda9-metre-widelanewascalledaHutong.MostoftodaysHutongwereformedduringtheMingandQingDynastiesthatfollowed.Nobodyknowse_88_howmanyHutongsthereareinnowadaysBeijing.ButifweconnectedalltheHutongstogether,theirtotall_89_wouldevenbelongerthanthefamousGreatwall,whichisabout4000miles

37、.Todayyoucanfindv_90_Hutongswithdifferentshapes,lengthsordirections.Theshortestoneisonly40centimeterswide.AndsomeHutongshavemorethan20turns.Aswewalkt_91_theHutongs,youmayfindmostofthemlookalmostthesamewithgray-coloredwallsandbricks.Actuallyinsidethosewallsarethecourtyardhouses,wherepeoplelive.InChin

38、esewecallthemSiheyuan.Siliterallymeansfour,hemeanstosurround,andyuanreferstothecourtyard.Soarectangularwallenclosingfourhouses,onebuiltoneachsidefacingintothecenter,iscalledaSiheyuan.Whentheywerefirstbuilt,usuallyoneSiheyuanwaso_92_byonlyonefamily,butnowadays,withthegrowthofthepopulation,mostSiheyua

39、nsaresharedby4to10families.（十）WendyMartinisanordinaryuniversitystudentwhousedtolovesurfingtheInternetandchatting(聊天)withfriendsonline.Sheoftenspentmuchofherfreetimetalkingwithherfamilyandmakingnewfriendsonline.Thensomethinga86OneofWendysfavouritethingstodoonlinewastovisitthechatroomsonmusicwebsites.

40、EveryonetherelovedchattingaboutrecentconcertsandwhatthefamoussAnne.Thetwowomenlikedeachotherimmediately.onlineeveryday.87weregoingtodonext.ItwasherethatWendyfirstmetSoontheyexchangede-mailaddressesandwerecommunicatingWendye88talkingtohernewfriend.Theybothlikedthesamemusic,thesameclothesandthesamefil

41、ms,buttheyalsohadthesameworriesaboutstudyingandthefuture.Annehade-mailedherapictureofherselfsheevenlookeds89toWendy.So,whenAnneaskedWendyforheraddressandphonenumber,Wendythoughthernewfriendwasapersonshecouldtrust.ItwasonlywhenWendygotaletterfromthebankthatsherealizedsomethingwaswrong.Annewasnotwhosh

42、esaidshewas.Shewasnotauniversitystudent,shewasnotyoungandshewasnotevenawoman.Annewasreallya45-year-oldmancalledTimHistanon.Hep90tolikethesamethingsasWendy.HehadusedWendyspersonalinformationtospendallthemoneyinherbankaccount.Thissituationisactuallyquitecommon,andaffects(影響)thousandsofpeopleeveryyear.

43、FortunatelyforWendy,TimHistanonwasfinallycaughtbythepolice,soWendygotmostofhermoneyback.Manypeople,h91,havenotbeensolucky.EveryonecanlearnfromthemistakesthatWendymade.N92giveoutpersonalinformationwhilechattingonline,andalwaysmakesureyourusernameisdifferentfromyourrealname.Nobodywantstomakethesamemis

44、takeasWendy.（十一）Indiaisacountryrichincultureandtradition.AndalthoughIndiaischanging,onethingremainsthes:thecowissacred(神圣的).Andmenandwomencovertheirheadsandfaceswithcowurine(牛糞)Accordingtotheirtradition,thecowisnotjustafarmanimal.Thesecowsarelikemotherhood,andtheirmilkfeedsthem.Butitsnotthemilkthese

45、menandwomenarewaitingforitstheurine.Asapreciousg(87)fromthecow,theurineisoftenplacedinthehousetoprotecttheirhomeland.Peoplethinktheurinecanbeautifytheirhouseandkeepawayb(88)luck.Menevenputcowurineintotheirhair.Andthisspecialformofworshipping(崇敬)hasbeenaroundforcenturies.Surprisingly,cowurineisevenus

46、edbypeopleasakindofm(89).Localsbelieveitcanmakesickpeoplefeelbetter.Believeit.Somebelieversshowtheirworshippingbymakinganofferingofhair.About12,000headsareshaved(剃頭)everyday.Thatmeansthecityisalwaysf(90)ofhairlessbelievers.Oftenwaitingfor10hoursormore,believersf(91)entertheshavingarea.Onaveragethete

47、mples1,600barbersshaveover15headsanhour.Thetemplethensellspilesofhairtolocalwigmakers(假發(fā)店).Themoneyisusedtohelptheareaspoorandmakesurethea(92)hairtempleofIndiakeepsgoing.Believeit.（十二）HaveyouevernoticedanadvertisementwhichsaysLearnaforeignlanguageinsixweeks,oryourmoneyback!Fromthefirstdayyourpronunc

48、iationwillbeexcellent.Justsend.andsoon?Ofcourse,itn86happensquitelikethat.Theonlylanguagethatiseasytolearnisthemothertongue.Andthinkhowmuchpracticethatgets!BeforetheSecondWorldWarpeopleusuallylearnedaforeignlanguageinordertoreadtheliteratureofthecountry.Nowspeakingtheforeignlanguageisw87mostpeoplewa

49、nt.Everyyearmillionsofpeoplestartlearningone.Howdotheydoit?Somepeopletryathome,withbooksandtapes;someu88radioortelevisionprograms;othersgotoeveningclasses.Iftheyusethelanguageonlytwoorthreetimesaweek,learningitwillt89alongtime,likelanguagelearningatschool.Afewpeopletrytolearnalanguagef90bystudyingfo

50、rsixormorehoursaday.Itisclearlyeasiertolearnthelanguageinthecountrywhereitiss9l.However,mostpeoplecannotaffordthis,andformanyitisnotnecessary.Theyneedthelanguageinordertodotheirworkb.Forexample,scientistsanddoctorsmainlyneedtobeabletoreadbooksandreportsintheforeignlanguage.Whetherthelanguageislearne

51、dquicklyorslowly,itishardwork.Machinesandgoodbookswillhelp,buttheycannotdothestudentswork.（十三）Today,thelargestremainingareaofhutongs(胡同)inBeijingisnorthofForbiddenCity.ThisiswheremanyChineseandforeigntouristscomefora“hutongtour”.Weaskedseveralofthesetouriststotellusabouttheiro_86_(VickyWang,HongKong

52、)“Itsreallys_87-wereinthemiddleofoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld,butinthesehutongsitfeelsasifweareinavillageinthecountryside.Therearelotsoftreeseverywhere,andallthebuildingsareonlyoneortwostoreyshigh.Ina_88_,therearenmanytcarsinthehutongs,sotheyarequitequiet-verydifferentfromthestreetsinthecentreofHongKong!Itsnicetowalkaroundhereand